X–ray fluorescent spectroscopy with a focused X–ray beam collimated by a glass capillary guide tube and element mapping of biological samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuo Fukumoto ◽  
Yoshinori Kobayashi ◽  
Masayasu Kurahashi ◽  
Isao Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Fluorescent Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Mapping

Scanning X-Ray Analytical Microscope using X-Ray Guide Tube

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Shuichi Shimomura ◽  
Hiromoto Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Total External Reflection ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plane Normal

AbstractA scanning X-ray analytical microscope was constructed using X-ray guide tube(XGT). XGT is a glass capillary which guides and focuses x-rays by total external reflection at the inner wall. The nature of X-ray beam passed through XGT is varied depending on the form of XGT. The cylindrical and conical types were used for the present setup. A small area (10μm × 10μm) of the sample was irradiated by the X-ray microbeam formed by XGT. Fluorescent and diffracted X-rays from the small area were detected by SSD. By scanning the sample in the plane normal to the X-ray microbeam, the intensity distributions of such secondary x-rays were measured and used as picture elements for constructing x-ray mapping images. The sample was a thin-section of an old chinaware. The images suggest a wide application of this instrument.

Development of a High Spatial Resolution X-Ray Fluorescence Element Mapping Spectrometer and its Application to Quantitative Analysis of Biological Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1285-1287
Author(s):  
Natsuo Fukumoto ◽  
Yoshinori Kobayashi ◽  
Masayasu Kurahashi ◽  
Akira Kawase
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Element Mapping ◽  
Better Than

We developed an X-ray fluorescence element mapping spectrometer (XEMS) based on commercially available energy dispersive XRF equipment several years ago. Using XEMS, we found that this technique is applicable to realtime observation of the elemental distributions in living biological samples. This kind of observation is almost impossible by conventional techniques such as EPMA, PIXE etc. But the spatial resolution of the previous system was about 200pm, Inferior by almost two orders to that of EPMA for example. So we developed a new spectrometer with an improved resolution of better than 20um and almost the same sensitivity.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

Artefacts in the x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Fracture Face ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Appearance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Freeze Dried

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

In situsmall-angle X-ray scattering characterization of X-ray-induced local heating

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Witala ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Andreas Menzel ◽  
Kim Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Sample Container ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Ray Scattering

It is shown that small-angle X-ray scattering from binary liquid mixtures close to the critical point of demixing can be used forin situcharacterization of beam-induced heating of liquid samples. For demonstration purposes, the proposed approach is applied on a well studied critical mixture of water and 2,6-lutidine. Given a typical incident X-ray flux at a third-generation synchrotron light source and using a 1.5 mm-diameter glass capillary as sample container, a beam-induced local temperature increase of 0.45 ± 0.10 K is observed.

3D nanoscale imaging of biological samples with laboratory-based soft X-ray sources

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Dehlinger ◽  
Anne Blechschmidt ◽  
Daniel Grötzsch ◽  
Robert Jung ◽  
Birgit Kanngießer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Imaging

Synchrotron-based spectroscopy of X-ray channeling through hollow capillary microchannels inside glass plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Mazuritskiy
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microchannel Plates ◽  
Fluorescence Radiation ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Channeling Radiation

Here, soft X-ray synchrotron radiation transmitted through microchannel plates is studied experimentally. Fine structures of reflection and XANES SiL-edge spectra detected on the exit of silicon glass microcapillary structures under conditions of total X-ray reflection are presented and analyzed. The phenomenon of the interaction of channeling radiation with unoccupied electronic states and propagation of X-ray fluorescence excited in the microchannels is revealed. Investigations of the interaction of monochromatic radiation with the inner-shell capillary surface and propagation of fluorescence radiation through hollow glass capillary waveguides contribute to the development of novel X-ray focusing devices in the future.

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