Long-term effects of empathy training on the interview skills of medical students

Objectives: This study is a 1-year follow-up investigation of the retention of the knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired after empathy training.Methods: Eight otolaryngology residents completed 5 assessment measures before and after empathy training and at 1-year. They attended a 90-minute focus group assessing clinical usefulness of the training, attitudes and factors that affect empathy.Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a positive response to the training and application of skills to clinical practices. Quantitative analyses suggest improvement in empathy after training was maintained at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05). Knowledge of the neurobiology and physiology of empathy remained significantly greater than before the training (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Qualitative data indicate that the training program was well-received and helpful and follow-up focus groups provided physicians with opportunities for self-reflection and support from peers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that improvement in self-reported empathy and objective knowledge of the neurobiology of emotions persist at 1-year follow-up. Accordingly, we recommend that empathy training and follow-up booster sessions become a standard component of residency training.

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Long-Term Effects of a Seminar on Aging and Health for First-Year Medical Students

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/23.3.319 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. F. Wilson ◽

F. W. Hafferty

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

First Year ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Aging And Health ◽

First Year Medical Students

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PsychStart: a novel mentoring scheme for supporting and valuing medical students interested in psychiatry

BJPsych Bulletin ◽

10.1192/bjb.2020.107 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Thomas Hewson ◽

Nikki Thomas ◽

Kate Lovett ◽

Helen Bruce ◽

Derek K. Tracy

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

Medical Students ◽

Clinical Knowledge ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Recruitment And Retention ◽

Innovative Solutions

Summary We describe the establishment and evaluation of a career-based mentoring scheme (PsychStart) for medical students interested in psychiatry. Medical students reported multiple benefits of mentoring, including enhanced personal and professional development, increased career and clinical knowledge, and broadened exposure to psychiatry. The mentoring scheme was also found to promote and sustain interest in the specialty. Further evaluation is required to determine the long-term effects of mentoring and how this may compare with other undergraduate enrichment activities. We conclude that mentoring in psychiatry could offer innovative solutions for improving recruitment and retention, and for supporting and valuing medical students who demonstrate an early interest in the specialty.

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PP-03 ROLE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SPECIAL STUDY MODULES: RESEARCH TRAINING FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2018-43s436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (s4) ◽

pp. 19-19

Author(s):

Zahide Çavdar ◽

Duygu Harmancı ◽

Ayşe Koçak ◽

Cemre Ural

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Research Training ◽

Special Study ◽

Long Term Effects

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Longitudinal contribution of international electives for medical students to professional identity formation: A qualitative study

10.21203/rs.2.21526/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mikio Hayashi ◽

Daisuke Son ◽

Keiko Nanishi ◽

Masato Eto

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Professional Identity Formation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cultural Understanding

Abstract Background: Globalization has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialization of medical professionals. This study examined the relationship between international electives for medical students and professional identity formation to identify the long-term effects of such electives.Methods: In all, 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years), graduated from the University of Tokyo, participated in this study, and had completed their international electives for medical students more than 10 years before. The study employed a narrative inquiry approach based on a constructivist paradigm. Qualitative data were collected from 23 face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews with each participant and 16 narrative reflective reports on international electives for medical students based on ethical permission. The thematic analysis involved generative coding and theorization, with the data being analyzed and interpreted by several researchers.Results: During the interviews, 36 themes related to medical professional socialization were identified, and from these, a theoretical framework was developed comprising six primary socialization factors (i.e., perspective transformation, career-design, self-development, diversity of values, contribution to others, and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativization and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialization and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis the idea of cross-cultural understanding.Conclusions: This study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the socialization of Japanese medical professionals. It was found that these experiences gave medical professionals an opportunity to advance their professional identity formation and reflect on their developing identities. Furthermore, such electives provided opportunities of gaining cross-cultural understanding on their professional identity formation. This study thus offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives for medical students and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.

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‘Human First’: Teaching close reading and creative writing to medical students

Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund ◽

10.7146/tfss.v16i31.116961 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (31) ◽

Author(s):

Sif Stewart-Ferrer ◽

Anders Juul Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Creative Writing ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Narrative Medicine ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Close Reading ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Supply ◽

Positive Effects

The University of Southern Denmark has introduced a mandatory course in Narrative Medicine into the curriculum of undergraduate medical students. It is part of a trajectory called ‘Human First’, which aims to improve the students’ empathic abilities by teaching them narrative competencies to draw on in their future clinical encounters as medical doctors. Although, theoretical accounts seem to make a strong case for the utility and value of educational interventions, such as courses in narrative medicine or medical humanities, there has been a lack of empirical studies providing evidence to support such accounts – especially those focusing on the long-term effects and impact on patient care. Our systematic literature search and review of empirical studies regarding the effects of teaching close reading of fictional texts and creative writing to medical and health care students, tentatively confirmed previous indications of positive effects. Larger, multi-site and more rigorous studies that assess the long-term impacts of these educational interventions and adjust for local variations are, however, still in short supply. Finally, we present critical reflections on whether empathy and similar phenomena are at all measurable and discuss the possibility of meaningfully evaluating the utility of curricular interventions such as narrative medicine courses.

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Long-term contribution of international electives for medical students to professional identity formation: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e039944

Author(s):

Mikio Hayashi ◽

Daisuke Son ◽

Keiko Nanishi ◽

Masato Eto

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Social Constructivism ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Professional Identity Formation ◽

Long Term Effects

ObjectivesGlobalisation has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialisation of medical professionals. This study identified the long-term effects of international electives on the professional identity formation of medical students.DesignThis is a qualitative study.SettingThe authors interviewed Japanese medical professionals who had completed their international electives more than 10 years ago, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm.ParticipantsA total of 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years) participated in face-to-face, semistructured in-depth interviews.ResultsDuring the data analysis, 36 themes related to professional identity formation were identified, and the resulting themes had five primary factors (perspective transformation, career design, self-development, diversity of values and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativisation and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialisation and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis of cross-cultural understanding.ConclusionsThis study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the professional identity formation of Japanese medical professionals. This study offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.

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The Changes in Stress Coping, Alcohol Use, Cigarette Smoking and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Related Lockdown in Medical Students in Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 302

Author(s):

Aureliusz Kosendiak ◽

Magdalena Król ◽

Milena Ściskalska ◽

Marta Kepinska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Medical Students ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Coping With Stress ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Physical Impact ◽

One Year ◽

The Impact

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has significantly limited social contacts, thus contributing to deepening isolation. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 exerted on humanity not only a physical impact but also a psychological one, often increasing the feeling of stress. The long-term effects of such a state could include the management of depression, so our study aimed to analyze groups of medical students in different periods of the pandemic (at the beginning of the pandemic, after half a year of the pandemic, after one year of the pandemic) in order to assess the impact of this situation on coping with stress. The impact of the pandemic on the development of stress factors such as alcohol consumption and smoking was also studied. The level of physical activity in the context of coping with an uncertain situation was also assessed. The impact of the above-mentioned factors on the behavior of students, including the Mini-COPE questionnaire, AUDIT test, the Fagerström test and the IPAQ questionnaire was analyzed. It has been shown that as the pandemic and the lockdown progressed, patients consumed more often or larger amounts of alcohol, smoked more cigarettes, and levels of physical activity decreased. All these factors may have had some impact on the deterioration of coping with stress among the respondents, which would indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly contributed to an increase in the sense of stress among the students.

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Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080717 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 658-659

Author(s):

T. M. Seed ◽

M. H. Sanderson ◽

D. L. Gutzeit ◽

T. E. Fritz ◽

D. V. Tolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Low Dose ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Ovarian Dysfunction ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Ovarian Pathology ◽

Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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