Technological development and rates of return to investment in a catching-up economy: the case of South Korea

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel P Timmer
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Alla Rassadina

Active application of modern digital technologies is impossible without creating high technological basis for Russia’s economy, capable of effective implementation of such technologies. These processes assume the implementation of radical structural and technological modernization conversions applying different planning methods within the framework of state industrial policy. The most expressed forms of planning have been used by developed and «catching-up» economies primarily during radical modernization reforms. In this context, appealing to overseas planning experience seems to be of great interest. On the basis of foreign experts’ estimates, the author analyses the main directions in planning during the period of accelerated industrial-technological transformation in South Korea in the context of its possible use in Russia’s technological modernization. The experience of planning in South Korea is of special interest because it demonstrates the transformation in planning functions and methods according to the changes in socio-economic situation in the country and modernization goals set by the Government at different stages of development.


1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Hines ◽  
Luther Tweeten ◽  
Martin Redfern

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Stephen Fuller ◽  
Clyde Eastman ◽  
Joe Dewbre

Applied economists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to document the social rates of return to investment in research and to analyze how the benefits and costs brought about by the adoption of a research product are distributed among affected groups. Relatively little empirical work has been done on these interrelated topics. Griliches made an early contribution to the subject of social rates of return in his essay dealing with the hybridization of corn.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
S. V. Ivanova ◽  
A. V. Latyshov

The article is devoted to the study of general and special characteristics of the condition and state regulation  of  agriculture  in  three  East  Asian  countries:  China,  Japan,  and  South  Korea.  It  is determined  that  there  are  several  historical  similarities  associated  with  the  Asian  way  of production,  low  land  use,  high  dependence  on  food  imports,  rapid  urbanization  and  high population density. The topic of food security is relevant for all three countries. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify and specify important differences in the process and results of the modernization of agriculture in the three countries. Especially in terms of the level and speed of technical and technological development, domestic state support for agriculture, foreign trade policy, changes in the trade balance for agricultural goods, the inclusion of countries in the import of GM seeds and the production of organic food, positions in the ratings of the global food security index. The article focuses on the issues of commercialization of biotechnological crops and China's strategy aimed at future global dominance in the field of agricultural science and technology.  Using  the  mechanism  of  international  corporate  mergers  and  acquisitions, the Chinese company with state participation entered the top five world leaders in the production of GM seeds and IT platforms for precision farming.


Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva

Education plays a big role in the economic development of the country. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without educated human capital. Education helps people to understand themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is a very important in raising productivity of people and promotes technological development. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the role of education in the economic development by comparing South Korea and Kyrgyzstan which are represents developed and developing countries of the world. South Korea, for example, is a highly industrialized and developed country which educational system is in the list of the best 10 systems in the world. In opposite, Kyrgyzstan is an agricultural country which economy is dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. As a result of the research it can be concluded that education is a compulsory and one of the major tools for development of one country. A developing country with a small economy such as Kyrgyzstan should take an example from South Korea and allocate much money from the national budget for the education. So, it is important for Kyrgyzstan to implement educational policy of developed countries within the framework of national policy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 237-260
Author(s):  
Antonio Andreoni ◽  
Fiona Tregenna

South Africa has been experiencing premature deindustrialization and poor growth over an extended period of time. Premature deindustrialization is among the key factors locking many middle-income countries in a trap of stagnant growth and thwarting their catching-up with advanced economies. Premature deindustrialization shrinks middle-income countries’ opportunities for technological development, and also their capacity to add value in global value chains (GVCs), which reduces their scope for the sustained increases in productivity required for catching up. This chapter analyses key structural factors contributing to a ‘middle-income technology trap’. Throughout the chapter, reference is made to the divergent experiences of three middle-income comparator countries to South Africa: Brazil, China, and Malaysia. Building on this framework, the chapter presents new econometric evidence of premature deindustrialization in South Africa through an international comparative lens. By studying the relationship between countries’ GDP per capita and their shares of manufacturing in total employment, the chapter identifies the level of GDP per capita and share of manufacturing in total employment associated with the ‘turning point’ at which the share of manufacturing levels off and begins to decline. The chapter groups countries into four categories based on their (de)industrialization dynamics, and identifies possible premature deindustrializers, among which South Africa is found. South Africa’s lack of structural transformation helps to explain its failure to escape the middle-income technology trap.


Author(s):  
Александр Сандомиров ◽  
Марина Дмитриева

Предпринята попытка сравнить степень внедрения цифровых решений в ключевые области жизни, такие как предпринимательство, экономика, государственное управление в России и странах Северо-Восточной Азии. Выявлены сегменты, в которых Россия сильно уступает своим восточным соседям, а также определены возможные направления цифровизации, в которых она может составить конкуренцию, а в приоритете занять ведущую роль, став своеобразным держателем стандарта и ключевым игроком по определению дальнейшей траектории развития соответствующих технологий. This paper attempts to compare the degree of the digital solutions implementation in the key areas of life, such as entrepreneurship, Economics, and public administration in Russia and in the countries of North-East Asia. The Japanese strategy «Society 5.0» is widely known in the world. In South Korea, the efforts are focused on the creative economy development. China shows a keen interest in the development of the digital economy and, moreover, claims to be the global domination and standards settler in the newly emerging areas of technological development. In Russia, at the moment, the main focus is on the development of information infrastructure and digital public administration, while the statutory regulation and personnel training are noticeably lagging behind. The segments in which Russia is significantly inferior to its Eastern neighbors have been identified, possible areas of digitalization in which it can compete, and in the priority to take a leading role, becoming a kind of standard holder and a key player in determining the future trajectory of the appropriate technologies’ development have also been identified.


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