Nutritional effects of flooding due to unseasonably early monsoon rainfall in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study in an ongoing cluster-randomised trial

ObjectiveTo examine the rinsing and gargling mouthwash practices among frequent mouthwash users to determine if there are differences in use between gender, sexual orientation and sex work status.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData obtained from patients attending a sexual health centre located in Melbourne, Australia.Participants200 frequent mouthwash users (four or more times per week), 50 for each of the following patient groups: men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), females who are not sex workers and men who have sex with women only (MSW). Participants were observed and audio recorded using mouthwash.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDescriptive analyses were conducted to calculate the median age, time rinsing and gargling, amount of mouthwash used and proportion of participants who rinsed, gargled or both, as determined from the audio files. Kruskal-Wallis H test and χ2 test were used to examine differences between the patient groups.ResultsMedian age was 28 years (IQR: 24–33). During the study, most (n=127; 63.5%) rinsed and gargled, but 70 (35.0%) rinsed only and three (1.5%) gargled only. Median time rinsing was 13.5 s (IQR: 8.5–22.0 s), gargling was 4.0 s (IQR: 2.5–6.0 s) and the median total duration was 17.0 s (IQR: 11.5–25.8 s). Median duration of mouthwash did not differ significantly between the groups (females not sex workers: 18.8 s (IQR: 12.5–24.5 s); FSW: 14.0 s (9.0–22.0 s); MSM: 22.3 s (13.0–26.5 s); MSW: 15.8 s (12.0–25.0 s); p=0.070) but males used mouthwash longer than females (median 20.3 s compared with 15.5 s; p=0.034). The median volume of mouthwash used was 20 mL (IQR: 15–27 mL). And most (n=198; 99.0%) did not dilute mouthwash with water.ConclusionOver a quarter of frequent users do not gargle mouthwash at all (35%) and used it for a substantially shorter period of time than it was used in the randomised trial (1 min) where it was shown to be effective at inhibiting Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth. Our findings suggest that many frequent mouthwash users do not follow the manufacturer instructions for using mouthwash and may not use mouthwash in a way that was shown to reduce the growth of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea.

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Small but important errors in cardiovascular risk calculation by practice nurses: A cross-sectional study in randomised trial setting

International Journal of Nursing Studies ◽

10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 285-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marije S. Koelewijn-van Loon ◽

Jeroen W.G. Eurlings ◽

Bjorn Winkens ◽

Glyn Elwyn ◽

Richard Grol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Calculation ◽

Practice Nurses ◽

Trial Setting

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Effect of a mass radio campaign on family behaviours and child survival in Burkina Faso: a repeated cross-sectional, cluster-randomised trial

The Lancet Global Health ◽

10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30004-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. e330-e341 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sophie Sarrassat ◽

Nicolas Meda ◽

Hermann Badolo ◽

Moctar Ouedraogo ◽

Henri Some ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Child Survival ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Trial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Radio Campaign

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Cross-sectional study evaluating data quality of the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) prostate cancer registry data using the Cluster randomised trial of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015994 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e015994 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samuel William David Merriel ◽

Emma L Turner ◽

Eleanor Walsh ◽

Grace J Young ◽

Chris Metcalfe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Tnm Stage ◽

Cancer Registration ◽

Cluster Randomised Trial ◽

Gleason Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Psa Testing ◽

Cluster Randomised

ObjectivesTo compare the completeness and agreement of prostate cancer data recorded by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) with research-level data specifically abstracted from medical records from the Cluster randomised triAl of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) trial.DesignCross-sectional comparison study.ParticipantsWe included 1356 men from the CAP trial cohort who were linked to the NCRAS registry.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCompleteness of prostate cancer data in NCRAS and CAP and agreement for tumour, node, metastases (TNM) stage (T1/T2; T3; T4/N1/M1) and Gleason grade (4–6; 7; 8–10), measured by differences in proportions and Cohen’s kappa statistic. Data were also stratified by year and pre-2010 versus post-2010, when NCRAS reporting standards changed.ResultsCompared with CAP, completeness was lower in NCRAS for Gleason grade (41.2% vs 76.7%, difference 35.5, 95% CI 32.1 to 39.0) and TNM stage (29.9% vs 67.6%, difference 37.6, 95% CI 34.1 to 41.1). NCRAS completeness for Gleason grade (pre-2010 vs post-2010 31.69% vs 64%; difference 32.31, 95% CI 26.76 to 37.87) and TNM stage (19.31% vs 55.50%; difference 36.19, 95% CI 30.72 to 41.67) improved over time. Agreement for Gleason grade was high (Cohen’s kappa, κ=0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93), but lower for TNM stage (κ=0.41, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51) overall. There was a trend towards improved agreement on Gleason grade, but not TNM stage, when comparing pre-2010 and post-2010 data.ConclusionNCRAS case identification was very high; however, data on prostate cancer grade was less complete than CAP, and agreement for TNM stage was modest. Although the completeness of NCRAS data has improved since 2010, the higher completeness rate in CAP demonstrates that gains could potentially be achieved in routine registry data. This study’s findings highlight a need for improved recording of stage and grade data in the source medical records.

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Metabolomic profiling of urine: response to a randomised, controlled feeding study of select fruits and vegetables, and application to an observational study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451300127x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (10) ◽

pp. 1760-1770 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Damon H. May ◽

Sandi L. Navarro ◽

Ingo Ruczinski ◽

Jason Hogan ◽

Yuko Ogata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Records ◽

Randomised Controlled

Metabolomic profiles were used to characterise the effects of consuming a high-phytochemical diet compared with a diet devoid of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in a randomised trial and cross-sectional study. In the trial, 8 h fasting urine from healthy men (n 5) and women (n 5) was collected after a 2-week randomised, controlled trial of two diet periods: a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables, citrus and soya (F&V), and a fruit- and vegetable-free (basal) diet. Among the ions found to differentiate the diets, 176 were putatively annotated with compound identifications, with forty-six supported by MS/MS fragment evidence. Metabolites more abundant in the F&V diet included markers of the dietary intervention (e.g. crucifers, citrus and soya), fatty acids and niacin metabolites. Ions more abundant in the basal diet included riboflavin, several acylcarnitines and amino acid metabolites. In the cross-sectional study, we compared the participants based on the tertiles of crucifers, citrus and soya from 3 d food records (n 36) and FFQ (n 57); intake was separately divided into the tertiles of total fruit and vegetable intake for FFQ. As a group, ions individually differential between the experimental diets differentiated the observational study participants. However, only four ions were significant individually, differentiating the third v. first tertile of crucifer, citrus and soya intake based on 3 d food records. One of these ions was putatively annotated: proline betaine, a marker of citrus consumption. There were no ions significantly distinguishing tertiles by FFQ. The metabolomic assessment of controlled dietary interventions provides a more accurate and stronger characterisation of the diet than observational data.

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Association between randomised trial evidence and global burden of disease: cross sectional study (Epidemiological Study of Randomized Trials--ESORT)

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.h117 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 350 (jan28 24) ◽

pp. h117-h117 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

C. A. Emdin ◽

A. Odutayo ◽

A. J. Hsiao ◽

M. Shakir ◽

S. Hopewell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Trial Evidence

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Can lay health workers support the management of hypertension? Findings of a cluster randomised trial in South Africa

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000577 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000577 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jane Goudge ◽

Tobias Chirwa ◽

Sandra Eldridge ◽

Francesc Xavier F Gómez-Olivé ◽

Chodziwadziwa Kabudula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Care ◽

Health Workers ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Cluster Randomised Trial ◽

Lay Health Workers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Low Middle Income Countries

IntroductionIn low/middle-income countries with substantial HIV and tuberculosis epidemics, health services often neglect other highly prevalent chronic conditions, such as hypertension, which as a result are poorly managed. This paper reports on a study to assess the effect on hypertension management of lay health workers (LHW) working in South African rural primary healthcare clinics to support the provision of integrated chronic care.MethodsA pragmatic cluster randomised trial with a process evaluation in eight rural clinics assessed the effect of adding two LHWs supporting nurses in providing chronic disease care in each intervention clinic over 18 months. Control clinics continued with usual care. The main outcome measure was the change in the difference of percentage of clinic users who had elevated cardiovascular risk associated with high blood pressure (BP) before and after the intervention, as measured by two cross-sectional population surveys.ResultsThere was no improvement in BP control among users of intervention clinics as compared with control clinics. However, the LHWs improved clinic functioning, including overall attendance, and attendance on the correct day. All clinics faced numerous challenges, including rapidly increasing number of users of chronic care, unreliable BP machines and cuffs, intermittent drug shortages and insufficient space.ConclusionLHWs improved the process of providing care but improved BP control required improved clinical care by nurses which was compromised by large and increasing numbers of patients, the dominance of the vertically funded HIV programme and the poor standards of equipment in clinics.Trial registration numberISRCTN12128227.

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Patients' understanding of words used to describe lumps: a cross-sectional study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215105006481 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Neil K Chadha ◽

Costa Repanos

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.1.10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evelyn R. Klein ◽

Barbara J. Amster

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Graduate Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Graduate Course ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluency Disorders ◽

Introductory Course ◽

Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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