scholarly journals Helicopter handling qualities: A study in pilot control compensation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
W.A. Memon ◽  
M.D. White ◽  
G.D. Padfield ◽  
N. Cameron ◽  
L. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Varying Frequency ◽  
Research Aircraft

Abstract The research reported in this paper is aimed at the development of a metric to quantify and predict the extent of pilot control compensation required to fly a wide range of mission task elements. To do this, the utility of a range of time- and frequency-domain measures to examine pilot control activity whilst flying hover/low-speed and forward flight tasks are explored. The tasks were performed by two test pilots using both the National Research Council (Canada)’s Bell 412 Advanced Systems Research Aircraft and the University of Liverpool’s HELIFLIGHT-R simulator. Handling qualities ratings were awarded for each of the tasks and compared with a newly developed weighted adaptive control compensation metric based on discrete pilot inputs, showing good correlation. Moreover, in combination with a time-varying frequency-domain exposure, the proposed metric is shown to be useful for understanding the relationship between the pilot’s subjective assessment, measured control activity and task performance. By collating the results from the subjective and objective metrics for a range of different mission task elements, compensation boundaries are proposed to predict and verify the subjective assessments from the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating scale.

Quantification and Prediction of Pilot Workload in the Helicopter/Ship Dynamic Interface

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bradley ◽  
C A Macdonald ◽  
T W Buggy
Keyword(s):  
Design Stage ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dynamic Interface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Aircraft System

The evaluation, early in the design cycle, of the limits for operating aircraft from ships in a wide range of sea states and atmospheric conditions has become an important issue for two main reasons. First, the simultaneous entry into service of new helicopter types and new naval platforms has generated an enormous task in the development of appropriate Ship Helicopter Operating Limits for in-service operations. Second, it has become clear that such operational factors need to be addressed at the design stage - which of necessity involves developing a predictive capacity in all of the areas which influence operational capability. These considerations need to take place in the context of technological advances which seek to assist the pilot in operations from ships. Improved radar for ship approaches and enhanced cueing, located around hangars and landing spots, are both areas which are being continually developed in association with upgraded aircraft systems for guidance, control, and stability augmentation. Ultimately, however, the situation comes down to the pilot's assessment of the workload involved in any task and the handling qualities of the vehicle being controlled. For this reason there has been a growing interest in two related areas: (i) the development of metrics to provide a consistent indicator of pilot workload and (ii) the enhancement of existing pilot models to generate authentic control activity in the aircraft/ship dynamic interface. This article describes recent techniques for extracting workload metrics from control activity and indicates the extent to which acceptably accurate workload predictions can be made. Some advances in pilot modelling are also described and examples are given to demonstrate the capability and limitations of currently available methods. Finally, the present state of integration of the two aspects into a robust tool for ship and aircraft system design is discussed. The focus of this article is, of necessity, on helicopter operations because that is where most of the current work has been centred.

Rotorcraft simulation fidelity: new methods for quantification and assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (1189) ◽  
pp. 235-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perfect ◽  
M. D. White ◽  
G. D. Padfield ◽  
A. W. Gubbels
Keyword(s):  
National Research Council ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Simulation Fidelity ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Fidelity Assessment ◽  
Research Aircraft

AbstractFlight simulators are integral to the design/development, testing/qualification, training and research communities and their utilisation is ever expanding. The use of flight simulation to provide a safe environment for pilot training, and in research and development, must be underpinned by quantification of simulator fidelity. While regulatory simulator standards exist for flight training simulators and new standards are in development, previous research has shown that current standards do not provide a fully quantitative approach for assessing simulation fidelity, especially in a research environment. This paper reports on progress made in a research project at the University of Liverpool (Lifting Standards), in which new predicted and perceptual measures of simulator fidelity have been developed. The new metrics have been derived from handling qualities engineering practice. Results from flight tests on the National Research Council (Canada) Bell 412 ASRA research aircraft and piloted simulation trials using the HELIFLIGHT-R simulator at Liverpool are presented to show the efficacy of adopting a handling qualities approach for fidelity assessment. Analysis of the new metrics has shown an appropriate degree of sensitivity to differences between flight and simulation.

A rating scale for the subjective assessment of simulation fidelity

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (1206) ◽  
pp. 953-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perfect ◽  
E. Timson ◽  
M. D. White ◽  
G. D. Padfield ◽  
R. Erdos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Simulation Fidelity ◽  
Handling Qualities ◽  
Strategy Adaptation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Task Strategy ◽  
The University ◽  
Rotary Wing

AbstractA new rating scale for capturing pilot subjective assessment of simulation fidelity is described in this paper. The scale has been developed through a series of flight and simulation trials using six test pilots from a variety of backgrounds, and is based on the methodology utilised with the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating scale and the concepts of transfer of training, comparative task performance and task strategy adaptation. The development of the new rating scale has been undertaken using simulations of rotary-wing aircraft on the University of Liverpool’s HELIFLIGHT-R research simulator, in conjunction with the Canadian Flight Research Laboratory’s Bell 412 ASRA in-flight simulator. The utility of the scale applied to locating fidelity boundaries for quantitative metrics is illustrated for an inter-axis coupling criterion. The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature, and research activities are on-going to continue the validation of the fidelity rating scale.

scholarly journals Long-term improvements following a residential combined physical and psychological programme for chronic low back pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e001068
Author(s):  
Shaun Wellburn ◽  
Cormac G Ryan ◽  
Andrew Coxon ◽  
Alastair J Dickson ◽  
D John Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Wide Range

ObjectivesEvaluate the outcomes and explore experiences of patients undergoing a residential combined physical and psychological programme (CPPP) for chronic low back pain.DesignA longitudinal observational cohort design, with a parallel qualitative design using semistructured interviews.SettingResidential, multimodal rehabilitation.Participants136 adults (62 male/74 female) referred to the CPPP, 100 (44 male/56 female) of whom completed the programme, during the term of the study. Ten (2 male/8 female) participated in the qualitative evaluation.InterventionA 3-week residential CPPP.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were the STarT Back screening tool score; pain intensity—11-point Numerical Rating Scale; function—Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); health status/quality of life—EQ-5D-5L EuroQol five-Dimension-five level; anxiety—Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; depression—Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Secondary outcome measures were the Global Subjective Outcome Scale; National Health Service Friends and Family Test;.ResultsAt discharge, 6 and 12 months follow ups, there were improvements from baseline that were greater than minimum clinically important differences in each of the outcomes (with the sole exception of ODI at discharge). At 12 months, the majority of people considered themselves a lot better (57%) and were extremely likely (86%) to recommend the programme to a friend. The qualitative data showed praise for the residential nature of the intervention and the opportunities for interaction with peers and peer support. There were testimonies of improvements in understanding of pain and how to manage it better. Some participants said they had reduced, or stopped, medication they had been taking to manage their pain.ConclusionsParticipants improved, and maintained long term, beyond minimum clinically important differences on a wide range of outcomes. Participants reported an enhanced ability to self-manage their back pain and support for the residential setting.

Rotorcraft Lateral-Directional Oscillations: The Anatomy of a Nuisance Mode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Agarwal ◽  
Linghai Lu ◽  
Gareth D. Padfield ◽  
Mark D. White ◽  
Neil Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Control Derivatives ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
And Control

High-fidelity rotorcraft flight simulation relies on the availability of a quality flight model that further demands a good level of understanding of the complexities arising from aerodynamic couplings and interference effects. One such example is the difficulty in the prediction of the characteristics of the rotorcraft lateral-directional oscillation (LDO) mode in simulation. Achieving an acceptable level of the damping of this mode is a design challenge requiring simulation models with sufficient fidelity that reveal sources of destabilizing effects. This paper is focused on using System Identification to highlight such fidelity issues using Liverpool's FLIGHTLAB Bell 412 simulation model and in-flight LDO measurements from the bare airframe National Research Council's (Canada) Advanced Systems Research Aircraft. The simulation model was renovated to improve the fidelity of the model. The results show a close match between the identified models and flight test for the LDO mode frequency and damping. Comparison of identified stability and control derivatives with those predicted by the simulation model highlight areas of good and poor fidelity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of levomilnacipran extended-release in major depressive disorder: pooled analysis of 5 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Montgomery ◽  
Carl P. Gommoll ◽  
Changzheng Chen ◽  
William M. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Madrs Score ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remission Rates

Introduction/ObjectivePost hoc analyses were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of levomilnacipran extended-release (ER) in subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsData were pooled from 5 completed Phase II/III studies. Patients were categorized by sex, age, MDD duration, recurrence of MDD, current episode duration, number of prior episodes, and baseline Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Efficacy was evaluated by MADRS least squares (LS) mean change from baseline, response (MADRS improvement ≥50%), and remission (MADRS ≤10).ResultsIn the pooled population, treatment with levomilnacipran ER versus placebo resulted in greater improvement in MADRS score (−15.8 versus −12.9; LS mean difference, −2.9; P < .001) and higher response rates (44.7% versus 34.5%; P < .001). Comparable treatment effects were found in most subgroups. Remission rates in the overall population were higher for levomilnacipran ER versus placebo (27.7% versus 21.5%; P < .05); notably high remission rates were seen in patients with baseline MADRS score < 30 (48.8% versus 28.9%; P < .001).DiscussionClinically meaningful improvements in depressive symptoms were found across subgroups, including statistically significant outcomes for both response and remission.ConclusionLevomilnacipran ER was efficacious across a wide range of MDD patients, including men and women, ages 18–78, with varying histories and symptom severity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMAZE EXERCISE TERHADAP SKALA NYERI MENSTRUASI (DYSMENORRHOEA) PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA BUDI MULIA JAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Yeni Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Pharmacological Method

Menstrual pain present as cramps (ranging from mild to severe), which may disturb dailyactivities. Lamaze exercise is non pharmacological method which use breathingrelaxation. This research was to analyze Lamaze exercise to reduction of menstrual pain.This study used pra experimental pre post test design. The population was the studentswith menstrual pain at Budi Mulia Senior High School Jakarta. The sampling techniquewas purposive sampling. Thirty one students participated in this study. The independentvariable was Lamaze exercise and the dependent variable was menstrual pain.Instrument which used to measure pain was Visual Analog Numeric Rating Scale. Datawere analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance α ≤ 0.005. The resultshowed that Lamaze exercise decreasd menstrual pain. The result of statistical testshowed significance level p = 0.000 and the deviation between pre and post mean is2.32, which means that there was decreasing menstrual pain in student in pre test andpost test. It can be concluded that Lamaze exercise can influence menstrual pain indecrease respondent of the research. Lamaze exercise can provide a relaxing effect.Further experiment with different respondent characteristic to obtain more wide range ofresult.Keywords: menstrual pain, Lamaze, relaxing effect, non pharmacological method

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