scholarly journals A Preliminary Proposal Towards Unambiguous Definitions for Modular Interfaces and Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2941-2950
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fiorineschi ◽  
Federico Rotini
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Modular Products ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Structural Point ◽  
The Web

AbstractModularity is acknowledged to provide benefits across the whole product lifecycle. Accordingly, many literature contributions can be found about modularization methods, metrics and definitions. In particular, recent studies focused on the development of heuristic principles for exploiting modularity early in the design process. However, to design modules it is necessary to define their mutual interactions, the related interfaces and their production strategies. Concerning interfaces and interactions, this paper highlights that current definitions are often ambiguous and overlapping each other. Therefore, extracting univocal information about interfaces and interactions of existent modular products could be difficult. This could hinder the identification of comprehensive heuristic design guidelines, about how to design modules from a structural point of view. This paper proposes a new set of interface and interaction definitions, which allows to overcome the flaw observed for current ones. The proposed set and the classical one have been applied on 110 products identified on the web, showing that the new definitions allow to extract more reliable information.

Improving Usability of Website Design Using W3C Guidelines

2018 ◽  
pp. 8006-8014
Author(s):  
G. Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Web Engineering ◽  
The Web

Due to the unceasing growth of web sites and applications, developers and evaluators have interesting challenges not only from the development but also from the quality assurance point of view. The quality assurance was and is one of the challenging processes in software engineering as well as for the web engineering, as a new discipline. Although there exist many design guidelines, and metrics for the evaluation of web sites and applications, most of them lack a well-defined specification framework and even worse a strategy for consultation and reuse. The main theme of the research paper is to provide optimization techniques to improve the correctness of the website.

scholarly journals Design of a Wearable Haptic Device for Hand Palm Cutaneous Feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Dragusanu ◽  
Alberto Villani ◽  
Domenico Prattichizzo ◽  
Monica Malvezzi
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Cutaneous Feedback ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Grasping And Manipulation ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Structural Point

This study describes the main design and prototyping steps of a novel haptic device for cutaneous stimulus of a hand palm. This part of the hand is fundamental in several grasping and manipulation tasks, but is still less exploited in haptics applications than other parts of the hand, as for instance the fingertips. The proposed device has a parallel tendon-based mechanical structure and is actuated by three motors positioned on the hand’s back. The device is able to apply both normal and tangential forces and to render the contact with surfaces with different slopes. The end-effector can be easily changed to simulate the contact with different surface curvatures. The design is inspired by a smaller device previously developed for the fingertips; however, in the device presented in this study, there are significant differences due to the wider size, the different form-factor, and the structure of hand palm. The hand palm represents the support for the fingers and is connected to the arm through the wrist. The device has to be developed taking into account fingers’ and wrist’s motions, and this requirement constrains the number of actuators and the features of the transmission system. The larger size of the palm and the higher forces challenge the device from a structural point of view. Since tendons can apply only tensile forces, a spring-based support has been developed to keep the end-effector separated from the palm when the device is not actuated or when the force to be rendered is null. The study presents the main design guidelines and the main features of the proposed device. A prototype has been realized for the preliminary tests, and an application scenario with a VR environment is introduced.

Quality Concerns of Web Design Process

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2-527-2-530
Author(s):  
Dahai Liu ◽  
Ibraheem S. Tarawneh ◽  
Ram Bishu
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Web Page Design ◽  
Page Design ◽  
Web Quality ◽  
The Web

This paper discusses the issues pertaining to web quality. The web quality is defined in terms of the design process of the web sites as well as the presented information. Within each term a set of criteria was developed that affect the web quality. These sets of criteria are applicable for both web page design guidelines and web page evaluation and improvements. A simple quantitative evaluation model was given using these criteria, the model is based on the AHP methodology.

Disassembly Knowledge Classification and Potential Application: A Preliminary Analysis on a Washing Machine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Marco Mandolini ◽  
Marco Marconi
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Knowledge Classification

Circular economy is largely recognized as the univocal economic model that guarantees a long-term sustainability, decoupling the economic growth and the finite resources consumption. As a prerequisite, it requires to realize product closed-loop lifecycles. However, the management of the EoL phase during the design process is a complex task, due to the fact that it is the most far away phase, in terms of time, from the moment of the product conception. For this reason, usually, manufacturers and EoL stakeholders do not actively collaborate in optimizing the product lifecycle performances. This paper wants to overcome this lack proposing a method to formalize, collect and classify the EoL knowledge. The main outcome is a structured database containing positive and negative knowledge about best practices and disassembly problems faced during dismantling activities. The knowledge classification rules are based both on product characteristics (e.g. product families, target components, assembly methods, etc.) and on other more general aspects (e.g. motivations of the disassembly, handling difficulties, etc.). Through the sharing of this knowledge, the gap between design departments and EoL stakeholders can be reduced with the aim to improve EoL performances and the overall resource efficiency. This work is focused on an out-of-service washing machine case study. The product has been manually disassembled by expert operators, observing and rating the significant problems. Their interpretation has allowed to create a set of specific design guidelines, organized according to the defined rules. The classified knowledge has been used by non-expert designers (undergraduate students) as a tool to guide the re-design activities. Different design solutions (e.g. homogenization of screws, reduction of component number, etc.) have been implemented to configure a new washing machine version, improved from the disassemblability point of view. The obtained results have confirmed the usefulness of the disassembly knowledge sharing in supporting Design for EoL activities and, furthermore, in non-skilled operators training. In conclusion, this research work contributes to the state of the art linking stakeholders involved in the Beginning of Life (BoL) with stakeholders responsible of the EoL management. Furthermore, the proposed work leads to relevant improvements in product lifecycle performances. The proposed knowledge database represents the needed resource to effectively extend the producer responsibility and to close the current gap between manufacturers and dismantlers.

Optimizing Website Content to Improve Correctness of the Website Design

2016 ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
G. Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Web Engineering ◽  
Website Content ◽  
The Web

Due to the unceasing growth of web sites and applications, developers and evaluators have interesting challenges not only from the development but also from the quality assurance point of view. The quality assurance was and is one of the challenging processes in software engineering as well as for the web engineering, as a new discipline. Although there exists many design guidelines, and metrics for the evaluation of web sites and applications, most of them lack a well-defined specification framework and even worse a strategy for consultation and reuse. The main theme of the chapter is to provide optimization techniques to improve the correctness of the website.

Masonry: the brittle or plastic material?

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Structural Point

The results of experimental studies of masonry on the action of dynamic and static (short-term and long-term) loads are presented. The possibility of plastic deformations in the masonry is analyzed for different types of force effects. The falsity of the proposed approach to the estimation of the coefficient of plasticity of masonry, taking into account the ratio of elastic and total deformations of the masonry is noted. The study of the works of Soviet scientists revealed that the masonry under the action of seismic loads refers to brittle materials in the complete absence of plastic properties in it in the process of instantaneous application of forces. For the cases of uniaxial and plane stress states of the masonry, data on the coefficient of plasticity obtained from the experiment are presented. On the basis of experimental studies the influence of the strength of the so-called base materials (brick, mortar) on the bearing capacity of the masonry, regardless of the nature of the application of forces and the type of its stress state, is noted. The analysis of works of prof. S. V. Polyakov makes it possible to draw a conclusion that at the long application of the load, characteristic for the masonry are not plastic deformations, but creep deformations. It is shown that the proposals of some authors on the need to reduce the level of adhesion of the mortar to the brick for the masonry erected in earthquake-prone regions in order to improve its plastic properties are erroneous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. It is noted that the proposal to assess the plasticity of the masonry of ceramic brick walls and large-format ceramic stone with a voidness of more than 20% is incorrect, and does not meet the work of the masonry of hollow material. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of research works it is concluded about the fragile work of masonry.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

scholarly journals Recuperative Amino Acids Separation through Cellulose Derivative Membranes with Microporous Polypropylene Fiber Matrix

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Aurelia Cristina Nechifor ◽  
Andreia Pîrțac ◽  
Paul Constantin Albu ◽  
Alexandra Raluca Grosu ◽  
Florina Dumitru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Structural Point

The separation, concentration and transport of the amino acids through membranes have been continuously developed due to the multitude of interest amino acids of interest and the sources from which they must be recovered. At the same time, the types of membranes used in the sepa-ration of the amino acids are the most diverse: liquids, ion exchangers, inorganic, polymeric or composites. This paper addresses the recuperative separation of three amino acids (alanine, phe-nylalanine, and methionine) using membranes from cellulosic derivatives in polypropylene ma-trix. The microfiltration membranes (polypropylene hollow fibers) were impregnated with solu-tions of some cellulosic derivatives: cellulose acetate, 2-hydroxyethyl-cellulose, methyl 2-hydroxyethyl-celluloseand sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose. The obtained membranes were characterized in terms of the separation performance of the amino acids considered (retention, flux, and selectivity) and from a morphological and structural point of view: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution SEM (HR-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The re-sults obtained show that phenylalanine has the highest fluxes through all four types of mem-branes, followed by methionine and alanine. Of the four kinds of membrane, the most suitable for recuperative separation of the considered amino acids are those based on cellulose acetate and methyl 2-hydroxyethyl-cellulose.

scholarly journals Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum compounds Part VII. Heterohepta- and heterooctanuclear clusters

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Melnik ◽  
Peter Mikuš ◽  
Clive E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Platinum Clusters ◽  
Structural Point

AbstractThis review classifies and analyzes over fifty heterohepta- and heterooctanuclear platinum clusters. There are eight types of metal combinations in heteroheptanuclear: Pt6M, Pt5M2, Pt4M3, Pt3M4, Pt2M5, PtM6, Pt3Hg2Ru2 and Pt2Os3Fe2. The seven metal atoms are in a wide variety of arrangements, with the most common being one in which the central M atom (mostly M(I)) is sandwiched by two M3 triangles. Another arrangement often found is an octahedron of M6 atoms asymmetrically capped by an M atom. The shortest Pt-M bond distances (non-transition and transition) are 2.326(1) Å (M = Ga) and 2.537(6) Å (M = Fe). The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.576(2) Å.In heterooctanuclear platinum clusters there are eight types of metal combinations: Pt6M2, Pt4M4, Pt3Ru5, Pt2M6, PtM7, Pt2W4Ni2, PtAu6Hg and PtAu5Hg2. From a structural point of view, the clusters are complex with bicapped octahedrons of eight metal atoms prevailing. The shortest Pt-M bond distances (non-transition and transition) are 2.651(3) Å (M = Hg) and 2.624(1) Å (M = Os). The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.622(1) Å. These values are somewhat longer than those in the heteroheptanuclear clusters. Several relationships between the structural parameters were found, and are discussed and compared with the smaller heterometallic platinum clusters

Specialty Space: Breast Care Centers

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672199056
Author(s):  
Diane Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Gowns ◽  
Breast Care ◽  
Color Scheme

As background, breast care centers around the world vary in interior design based on geographical location and the trends of the healthcare design process at the time of construction. However, at the forefront of healthcare interior design is the evidence-based design (EBD) process and the Universal Design (UD) guidelines. The Center for Health Design states that the EBD process differs from the linear design process, in that EBD uses relevant evidence to educate and guide the design decisions. The objective of this study was to support future EBD and UD use in the development of patient areas in breast care center interior design. The methods for this study incorporated an extensive review of the literature, examples of eight breast care centers around the world, observations, an interview, and a staff survey concerning the interior design of a local breast care center. The results revealed that using the EBD process and UD, to develop guidelines for patient areas in breast care centers’ interior design, directors could use guidelines to evaluate existing breast care centers or preconstruction for new breast care centers. This study concluded with design guidelines for patient areas in breast care center interior design. The recommended guidelines targeted the following features: robes (vs. hospital gowns), spa-like atmosphere, monochromatic color scheme, use of wood and stone, private check-in areas, wayfinding, room temperature comfort, seating comfort, seating style choices including bariatric, personal items storage, access to natural light, indirect artificial lighting, living plants, views of nature, flooring comfort, and wheelchair accessibility.

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