Speculation, Dialectic and Critique: Hegel and Critical Theory in Germany after 1945

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Moir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Totality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Identity Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article challenges the restrictive association of critical theory with the Frankfurt School by exploring the differential reception of Hegel by German critical thinkers on both sides of the Iron Curtain after 1945. In the West, Theodor Adorno held Hegelian ‘identity thinking’ partly responsible for the atrocities of National Socialism. Meanwhile in the East, Ernst Bloch turned Hegel into a weapon against the communist regime. The difference between Adorno and Bloch’s positions is shown to turn on the relationship between speculation, dialectics and critique. Whereas for Adorno Hegelian speculation was the root of dangerous identity thinking, Bloch saw the repression of speculative thought as a cornerstone of totalitarianism. However, it is argued that ultimately Bloch and Adorno were united in their reception of Hegel by a shared understanding that the goal of critical theory, namely the transformation of the social totality, could not be achieved without utopian speculation.

scholarly journals A study on small-world characteristics of Chinaäó»s high-speed railway networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Kun Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Space Method

The small-world model provides a useful perspective and method to study the topological structure and intrinsic characteristics of high-speed rail networks (HRNs). In this paper, the P-space method is used to examine global and local HRNs in China, meanwhile the adjacency matrix is developed, then the social network analysis and visualization tool UCINET is used to calculate the spatial and attribute data of HRNs at national and local levels in China. The small-world characteristics of whole HRNs are discussed, three networks which have different properties are determined, and a comparative analysis of the small-world effect is detected. Then, the relationship between the construction of high-speed rail and regional development of China is analysed. The results show that: 1) China's HRNs have small average path length ( L ) and large clustering coefficient (C ), representing a typical small-world network; 2) Local HRNs have a certain correlation with economic development. The reasons for the difference of HRNs with respect to characteristics among regions are eventually discussed.

scholarly journals Kesantunan dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Hindu-Bali; Kajian Etnopsikolingustik Religius

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Situation

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.

scholarly journals 人工智能批判的話語悖論

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Fen LIN
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Medical Accident ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.In the dominant discourse of the "human–machine relationship," people and machines are the subjects, with a mutually shaping influence. However, this framework neglects the crux of the current critical analysis of AI. It reduces the problems with new technology to the relationship between people and machines, ignoring the re-shaping of the relationship between "people and people" in the era of new technology. This simplification may mislead policy and legal regulations for new technologies. Why would a robot killing cause more panic than a murder committed by a human? Why is a robot's misdiagnosis more troubling than a doctor's? Why do patients assume that machines make more accurate diagnoses than doctors? When a medical accident occurs, who is responsible for the mistakes of an intelligent medical system? In the framework of traditional professionalism, the relationship between doctors and patients, whether trusted or not, is based on the premise that doctors have specialized knowledge that patients do not possess. Therefore, the authority of a doctor is the authority of knowledge. In the age of intelligence, do machines provide information or knowledge? Can this strengthen or weaken the authority of doctors? It is likely that in the age of intelligence, the professionalism, authority and trustworthiness of doctors require a new knowledge base. Therefore, the de-skilling of doctors is not an issue of individual doctors, but demands an update of the knowledge of the entire industry. Recognizing this, policy makers must not focus solely on the use of machines, but take a wider perspective, considering how to promote the development of doctors and coordinate the relationship between doctors with different levels of knowledge development. We often ask, "In the era of intelligence, what defines a human?" This philosophical thinking should be directed toward not only the difference between machines and people as individuals, but also how the relationship between human beings, i.e., the social nature of humans, evolves in different technological environments. In short, this commentary stresses that a "good" machine or an "evil" machine—beyond the sci-fi romance of such discourse—reflects the evolution of the relationships between people. In today's smart age, the critical issue is not the relationship between people and machines. It is how people adjust their relationships with other people as machines become necessary tools in life. In the era of intelligence, therefore, our legislation, policy and ethical discussion should resume their focus on evolutionary relationships between people.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 41 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

From mental disorders to social suffering: Making sense of depression for critical theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domonkos Sik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims at grounding critical theories with the help of psy discourses. Even if the relationship between the two disciplines has always been a controversial one, the article argues that therapeutic knowledge that accesses empirical forms of social suffering may offer important insights for critical theory. This general argument is demonstrated by complementing the theories of Bourdieu and Habermas with a clinical description of depression. First, the limitations of the capabilities of these influential theories in terms of how they can be used to conceptualize the variety of social suffering are introduced. Second, the psy discourses on depression are reviewed to identify and highlight latent references to the social. Third, by combining models of depressive suffering and various distortions of integration, an extended normative basis is elaborated. Instead of solely criticizing inequalities or distortions of communication, those social constellations are criticized that trap actors by producing a homogenous pattern of suffering.

Stepmothers, Concubines and the Case of Iiopneia in 1 Corinthians 5

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Steven De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
1 Corinthians ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Consequences

Previous attempts to explain the case of πορνεία in 1 Cor 5 have inadequately addressed the social and legal consequences of the relationship and the motivation of the individuals. When these are considered from the perspective of Roman law and customs it is more likely that the woman was theconcubinaof the man's father, not his stepmother. As such, the relationship was unusual but it was not considered illegal or immoral by the Corinthians. Paul, however, would not have understood the difference and thus saw it as.πορνεία

scholarly journals Critical theory and holocaust

2006 ◽  
pp. 37-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status ◽  
Enlightenment Project ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
Historical Theology ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper the author is attempting to establish the relationship - or the lack of it - of the Critical Theory to the "Jewish question" and justification of perceiving signs of Jewish religious heritage in the thought of the representatives of this movement. The holocaust marked out by the name of "Auschwitz", is here tested as a point where the nature of this relationship has been decided. In this encounter with the cardinal challenge for the contemporary social theory, the particularity of the Frankfurt School reaction is here revealed through Adorno installing Auschwitz as unexpected but lawful emblem of the ending of the course that modern history has assumed. The critique of this "fascination" with Auschwitz, as well as certain theoretical pacification and measured positioning of the holocaust into discontinued plane of "unfinished" and continuation and closure of the valued project, are given through communicative-theoretical pre-orientation of J?rgen Habermas?s Critical Theory and of his followers. Finally, through the work of Detlev Claussen, it is suggested that in the youngest generation of Adorno?s students there are signs of revision to once already revised Critical Theory and a kind of defractured and differentiated return to the initial understanding of the decisiveness of the holocaust experience. This shift in the attitude of the Critical Theory thinkers to the provocation of holocaust is not, however, particularly reflected towards the status of Jews and their tradition, but more to the age old questioning and explanatory patterns for which they served as a "model". The question of validity of the enlightenment project, the nature of occidental rationalism, (non)existence of historical theology and understanding of the identity and emancipation - describe the circle of problems around which the disagreement is concentrated in the social critical theory.

scholarly journals Ideology and its relation to culture in the work of Stuart Hall

Sociologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-444
Author(s):  
Milan Urosevic
Keyword(s):  
Main Subject ◽  
Scientific Objectivity ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
Social Totality ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main subject of this paper is Halls understanding of ideology. In order to explain this we will first elaborate his theoretical position and his understanding of society as a complex totality of interconnected elements. In this part we will also show how Hall explains the relationship of culture to other elements of the social totality. His understanding of ideology will be divided into two sections: (1) the elaboration of its internal mechanism of operation and (2) the elaboration of its effects. In the first part we will explain the relationship of culture and ideology in his theory. Afterwards we will show some criticism of Halls understanding of ideology as well as some of the solutions to them that Hall provides. In the end we will point to the epistemological problem of the relationship of his theory to the criteria of scientific objectivity as a contradiction that he doesn?t manage to solve.

Brand Awareness Among The Cosmetic Products: A Study Among The Coimbatore Consumers

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-382
Author(s):  
R. ASWINI ◽  
R. SATHYADEVI
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
New Product ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Brand awareness is best spread through both inbound and outbound marketing efforts. When competition in an industry is high, brand awareness can be one of a business’s greatest assets. Nearly every society has used cosmetics. Cosmetics include any type of products or compounds which used to complete or enhance the beauty or looks of a person. Therefore, they are trusted more by consumers who are looking to purchase a new product. The present study attempted to analysis the awareness level on various cosmetic brands and tried to found the relationship of the social economic profile of the customers and their awareness level of the various cosmetic brands.  Around 190 customers respond the questionnaire. Using the SPSS, the collected data was analysis made. Percentage analysis, WAM used to present the collected data. Regression used to analysis the difference level of awareness on cosmetic brand.

RESISTANCE TO THE GILDED AGE: ROBERT HERRICK'S RADICAL MIDDLE CLASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Brynnar Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Social Totality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation

Often overlooked, Robert Herrick (1868–1938) was an experimental novelist who produced a sustained and critical engagement with the economic, political, and aesthetic effects of unregulated capitalist expansion in the late nineteenth century. Focusing onThe Web of Life(1900) andTogether(1908), this essay argues that Herrick's novels forcefully document a radical middle-class political position and demonstrate how the middle class was capable of apprehending and resisting the functionings of capitalism—especially its fragmentation of lived experience and its foreclosure of any practical exterior to the social totality. Given how recent economic trends toward deregulation and privatization have resulted in a precarious situation for the middle class worldwide, Herrick's depiction of the emergence of the modern middle class in 1890s Chicago also presents a dynamic foil from which to view our present moment. Though his genre-bending and politically ambiguous literary and political experiments have long contributed to critical confusion and even dismissal of his work, today Herrick's novels are a powerful tool for rethinking the long-accepted understanding of the relationship between literary realism, the struggles surrounding the emergence of corporate capitalism, and the political standpoint of the professional middle class.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document