Female Freedom and The Neapolitan Novels (Part 1)

Hypatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sam Shpall
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Main Ideas

Abstract This essay begins to develop a philosophical interpretation of Elena Ferrante's L'amica geniale, a work of fiction that is known in English as The Neapolitan Novels. My ultimate aim is to explore the work's ambitious moral psychology, and particularly its subtle conceptualization of women's path to freedom. I begin by reconstructing some of the main ideas of Italian difference feminism as they are expressed in the texts of the Milan Women's Bookstore Collective—texts that are controversial milestones of Italian social theory, yet are relatively unknown outside of Italy. I then show how these ideas provide a useful frame of reference for interpreters of Ferrante's novel. This discussion sets up a more extended analysis (in part 2 of this essay) of the special status of Lila Cerullo, her strange condition of smarginatura (“dissolving boundaries”), and the import of her puzzling earthquake speech.

15. Critical criminology—part 1

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Case ◽  
Phil Johnson ◽  
David Manlow ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Kate Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
Crime And Deviance ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
And Control

This chapter examines a range of criminological perspectives which are collectively known as critical criminology, with particular emphasis on labelling perspectives, Marxist inspired critical theories, and feminist perspectives. It begins with an overview of the four main ideas of positivism (in either its biological, psychological, or sociological forms): determinism, scientism, consensus, and treatment/rehabilitation. It then considers the philosophical and political arguments that underpin critical criminologies, along with the different foundational strands within critical criminology. It also discusses the importance of the ideas of social construction, power and power relations to critical criminology, as well as the problems of ‘deviance’ and its interpretation and control. Finally, it explores the development of critical criminology in Britain, the rise of the ‘new’ criminology, Taylor et al's (1973) notion of a ‘fully social theory’ of crime and deviance, and the issue of violence in relation to gender.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MENTALITY IN THE ETHNOS WORLD CULTURE FORMING: Philosophical Aspects

2018 ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
Elena A. Norkina
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Interpretation Method

Introduction. The mentality is the integrated characteristic of the people living in the certain culture describing their peculiar vision of the world around and explaining specifics of response to it. The phenomenon of mentality is revealed through a frame of reference, of the estimates, norms and moods, which are based on knowledge, beliefs, and traditions, available in this society. It sets together with the dominating requirements and archetypes of the collective unconscious the beliefs, the characteristic of the nation, ideals, tendencies, interests distinguishing one ethnos from another. Materials and Methods. The existence philosophical interpretation method is a key method used in the present research. It is based on comparison of different nations ethnic pictures. Results. There is presented the analysis of studies covering issues relating to the term “mentality”, its role in the cultural and philosophical identity formation. There were compared the following concepts: “mentality” vs “mindset” and “mentality” vs “ethnic identity”, those are close in their meanings but are not the same in their pragmatics. Discussion and Conclusions. Ethno mentality is fixed materially in art through the incorporation of ethnic values. The study of the mentality from the philosophical point of view provides opportunities for research introducing conceptual elements and solving complex issues. Keywords: a mentality, a culture, an ethnos, a nation, a tradition, philosophical interpretation.

scholarly journals A plea for the study of the relation between the Aretaic Morality and the Deontic and Responsibility Moralities

Psychologica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Orlando M. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Moral Functioning ◽  
Responsibility Model ◽  
Main Ideas

Although the deontic, responsibility/caring, and aretaic moralities have been extensively investigated, the relation among them, namely the relation between the aretaic and the deontic and responsibility moralities, have rarely been studied. To fill in this gap is the main goal of this study. In the first part, we set the context for the study of the relation between the aretaic and the deontic and caring moralities, while arguing that Kohlberg’s theory is mainly a deontic moral theory. Second, we elaborate on the reasons why Kohlberg did not introduce an aretaic morality into his theory. Third, we show that Kohlberg’s reasons to exclude this type of morality from his moral theory are problematic. Fourth, we argue that much could be gained if moral psychology took the aretaic morality and its relation to the deontic and caring/responsibility moralities into account. Fifth, we present the main findings of an exploratory research on preadolescents’ (n = 32) and adolescents’ (n = 32) deontic, aretaic and responsibility evaluations of hypothetical actions, and analyze the relations among these evaluations. Finally, we summarize the main ideas of this study; refer to some of its limitations; point to some examples for future research; and claim that our suggestion of an aretaic-deontic-responsibility model may contribute to the understanding of one’s moral functioning. However, this suggestion requires further methodological and empirical efforts.

Descriptive Moral Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fedyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

This chapter defines descriptive moral psychology as any psychological research that investigates the cognitive and emotional foundations of the patterns of behaviour that are described by an example of hard-question social theory. Descriptive moral psychology therefore studies the psychological dimensions of the patterns of behaviour which have their social dimensions described by research in the social sciences and humanities.

Moral Psychology: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory (review)

Hypatia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Cheshire Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Theory Review

scholarly journals Max Weber and the New Critical Theory of Hartmut Rosa: Updating the Classics

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-166
Author(s):  
D.V. Kataev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Early Modernity ◽  
Content Relevance ◽  
German Sociologist ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Ideas

The article discusses a key issue for Russian and international Max Weber Studies: the epistemological possibilities and place of Weberian sociology in modern social theory. Discussion articles by well-known Russian scientists — who sharply criticized the actualizing direction of Weberian studies in general, and the religious, cultural, and sociological orientation in particular — are contrasted with the re-actualization and rethinking of key Weberian themes in the “New Critical Theory” of the influential German sociologist Hartmut Rosa. Such a projection will make it possible, on the one hand, to thematize the axiomatic assertion about the heuristic rather than concrete-content relevance of the classics; on the other hand, it will provide an opportunity to read Weber as a macrosociologist. In the original, criticized, and often rejected sociology of Rosa, Weber appears not only as a predecessor whose mention enhances the relevance of the new theoretical framework, but, above all, as an analyst and diagnostician of early modernity. Weber’s main ideas and theoretical constructions are organically built into Rosa’s methodological framework: analysis-diagnosis-praxis. The analysis of rationalization as a universal historical process of modernity in Weber’s sociology is rethought by Rosa as expansion and acceleration; disenchantment becomes a diagnosis of modernity and is recoded into alienation, while the concept of charisma is transformed into the key concept of resonance.

Normative Moral Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fedyk
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Theory

This chapter defines normative moral psychology, which addresses questions that cannot be included within the scope of either hard-question social theory or descriptive moral psychology. These are questions about personal moral development, character, and the habituation of the virtues.

scholarly journals Cosmopolitanism as a Concept and a Social Phenomenon

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Gulnaz K. Gizatova ◽  
Olga G. Ivanova ◽  
Kirill N. Gedz
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Consciousness

<p>The article is devoted to cosmopolitanism as a concept and a social phenomenon. The authors believe that cosmopolitan ideas and mentality are a necessary manifestation of modern globalization processes. Cosmopolitanism as a pattern of public consciousness reflects the essential features of modern social processes. At the same time, the very idea of cosmopolitanism is contradictory, multifaceted, and therefore it cannot be considered only within the framework of categorical opposition "local - global". That is why this research is carried out dialectically: from the point of view of the contradictory unity of the cosmopolitanism's objective manifestations and the diverse interpretations of this phenomenon. Considering a wide range of approaches in studies of the cosmopolitanism phenomenon prevailing in modern social theory, the authors emphasize the need for its comprehensive philosophical interpretation. In addition, referring to the historical overview of cosmopolitan ideas, the authors come to the conclusion that further studies of cosmopolitanism should be based on an interdisciplinary approach. Particular attention in this article is paid to a couple of "cosmopolitanism" and "patriotism" categories. The main conclusion of the article is that it is cultural cosmopolitanism as a concept and social phenomenon that can clarify the essential contradictions in modern social processes.</p>

Cooperation and obligation in early parent-child relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Peer Experiences ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Collaborative Skills ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

Abstract Tomasello's moral psychology of obligation would be developmentally deepened by greater attention to early experiences of cooperation and shared social agency between parents and infants, evolved to promote infant survival. They provide a foundation for developing understanding of the mutual obligations of close relationships that contribute (alongside peer experiences) to growing collaborative skills, fairness expectations, and fidelity to social norms.

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