Effective strategic narratives? Italian public opinion and military operations in Iraq, Libya, and Lebanon

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Coticchia
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Strategic Narratives ◽  
The Military

Public attitudes are greatly shaped by the cohesiveness of the strategic narratives crafted by policy-makers in framing the national involvement in war. The literature has recently devoted growing attention toward the features that define successful strategic narratives, such as a consistent set of objectives, convincing cause–effect chains, as well as credible promises of success. This paper provides an original framework for ‘effective strategic narratives’ for the case of Italy. The military operations undertaken by Italian armed forces in Iraq, Lebanon, and Libya represent the cases through which the framework is assessed. Drawing on content and discourse analysis of political debates and data provided by public opinion surveys, this paper explores the nature of the strategic narratives and their effectiveness.

scholarly journals A gap in the market: the conceptualisation of surveillance, security, privacy and trust in public opinion surveys.

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Watson ◽  
Rachel L. Finn ◽  
David Barnard-Wills
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the attitudes of members of the public towards the impact of surveillance technologies used to enhance public security on their privacy is an essential, but complex consideration for policy makers, where public trust plays a central role. Understanding public attitudes involves assessing what public opinion surveys reveal. However, in order to ensure that public attitudes are appropriately being measured across all four concepts (privacy, security, trust and surveillance) it is necessary to consider how existing surveys conceptualise and operationalise these terms. This article undertakes precisely this consideration, in order to evaluate existing practices and provide recommendations for future public opinion surveys on surveillance technologies or practices intended to provide security, but which may impact privacy. We have found three issues relating to past approaches: past surveys do not always adequately define or conceptualise the terms they are employing.  Second, surveys sometimes rely on the use of examples in lieu of definitions. Finally, and most importantly, we find that existing surveys do not always adequately examine the impact of the public’s trust towards the use of surveillance technologies to enhance security, but which may affect their privacy.

Requirements for the environmental protection officer of the Ukrainian armed forces in view of NATO guidance documents

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Serhiy Orel ◽  
◽  
Vadim Durach ◽  
Bohdan Sjoma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Military impact on the environment can be defined as two components: 1) impact on the environment in time of daily activities during the training of troops and 2) impact on the environment during the combat operation. In the Armed Forces of Ukraine, to some extent, environmental security measures are implemented only during daily operations in peacetime. As for taking into account the impact of fighting on the environment in time of planning combat operations, this issue is usually not even raised in their preparation. On the other hand, NATO member states understand that military operations can be inherently destructive to human health and the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational requirements for commanders, especially for officers who provide environmental protection in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, based on NATO regulations and the experience of Allies. The article considers how environmental issues are integrated into the military operation at each stage: planning, pre-deployment, deployment (execution and force rotation), redeployment, and post-deployment. The main tasks of environmental officers at each stage of the operation are defined. Based on the tasks solved by officers, the requirements for their education are formed, the subjects studied by US environmental officers are considered.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE SOLUTIONS OF OFFICIALS (LEADERS, COMMANDERS, CHIEVES) RELATED TO THE LEVEL OF DEFENSE OF THE STATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 829-836
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military

This study reveals the research principles of the results of the management of the Ukrainian military administration of the strategic (operative) level in the course of organizational issues evaluation during state defense system forming as well as building and development security and defense components, particularly the Armed Forces of the Ukraine. This principles structure defines the subject, the object and the parties, the basic tasks of the military legal expertise, guidelines for legal expert (board of legal experts) in the course of evaluation of the military administration management activity in the course of reforming and development of the Armed Forces, as well as during the course of planning and conducting military operations (battle actions) of the military units (forces). Developed principles also refer to the following researches: cause and effect relationship of the breach of legislation of the Armed Forces of the Ukraine and other legal military and law enforcement units administrations officials, which led to negative consequences such as people deaths, loss of weapons and military equipment in the course of military operation. Key words: level of state defense, evaluation of managerial decisions, officials.

scholarly journals The Theme System and Byzantine Provincial Armed Forces at the Early Palaeologian Period (1259–1328)

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military ◽  
Specific Number

Introduction. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the state, nature and the leadership system of stratiotic forces as part of the Byzantine provincial armed forces of the Early Palaeologian period. The paper aims to determine the methods of organizing Byzantine provincial armed forces in the context of the characteristic of the early Palaeologian armed forces and the institute of pronoia. The author defines the military-strategic, social and economic characteristics of the stratiotic military service. Methods. Critical use of elements of civilizational, formational and systemic approaches is the methodological basis of this study. It should be noted that the system approach is used to determine the specificity of the relationships within all essential structural elements of the military organization. It also makes it possible to identify the factors of its modernization in connection with social and state processes. It allows to reveal the functional features of the military organization elements. Analysis and Results. The analysis of act materials and narrative sources shows a clear social difference of soldiers-stratiotes from the rest of the empire’s population, including proniares. The author determines that the sources contain information about all economic institutions that characterize stratiotes in their traditional, early byzantine military-technical definition. The statements of Byzantine historians about the participation of stratiotes in military actions clearly indicate the preservation of the military-administrative function of “theme organization”. Act materials do not contain information about a specific number of stratiotes. This makes it difficult to determine the total number of stratiotic formations. However, the participation of stratiotic detachments in almost all military operations of the Byzantine army is a well-known fact. Narratives indicate their number. All this makes it possible to draw a reasonable conclusion about the preservation of stratiotic armed forces and the traditional system of their recruitment.

Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 16 The Yom Kippur War—1973

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubuisson François ◽  
Koutroulis Vaios
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Specific Incident ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

This contribution discusses the hostilities that opposed Israel against Egypt, Syria and the armed forces of other Arab states, which took place in October 1973. After setting out the context of this confrontation, which is directly linked to the 1967 Six Days War, it presents the legal positions of the main protagonists (Israel, Egypt, Syria) as well as those of third states and international organizations. The third section examines the legality of this resort to force under jus ad bellum and concludes that the military operations on behalf of the Arab states can be justified as an exercise of the right to self-defence. Finally, the conclusions discuss the limited precedential value of this specific incident with respect to the interpretation of the prohibition to use force in international relations.

The Spanish Armed Forces

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat

At the end of the twentieth century (after a long history of coups d’état, a military uprising, a civil war, and a four-decade dictatorship), the Spanish public had serious doubts about the democratic nature of the armed forces. In contrast, in 2015 they were the second-best valued institution in the country. This is not just the result of a reform in the military administration. Both have changed: society and the military. To try to understand this change we will analyse the evolution of Spanish public opinion about the armed forces and national security since the end of the twentieth century and the perception of the Spanish military after undertaking international missions, its main activity.

scholarly journals Teaching the Military and Revolutions: Simulating Civil–Military Relations during Mass Uprisings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Harkness ◽  
Marc R. DeVore
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT During revolutions, strategic interactions among civilian policy makers, armed forces, and opposition groups shape political outcomes—most important, whether a regime stands or falls. Students from advanced industrial democracies frequently find these dynamics counterintuitive, even after completing readings and engaging in traditional instruction methods. We therefore sought to improve pedagogical outcomes by designing a simulation based on scenarios similar to those witnessed during the Arab Spring and Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution. We divided students into four teams representing the regime, the armed forces, and two distinct groups of anti-regime dissidents. Rules were designed to incorporate the best recent scholarship on each category of actors’ behavior, such as the probability of military units defecting to protesters and the ability of riot police to repress urban uprisings. By forcing student teams to make decisions under time pressure, we obliged them to wrestle with the uncertainties and fears of betrayal inherent in complex civil–military emergencies.

scholarly journals Warfare Ecology Approaches in Issues of Military Operations

Hadmérnök ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
György Leskó
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Defence

The fulfilment of environmental protection requirements and social expectations has become a requirement in the field of military operations as well. Impacts that threaten the ecosystems increasingly occur during the activities of the armed forces and military operations. A recently created new field of science, the ecology of warfare, investigates the military, the support systems for the armed forces and national defence, and their relation to the environment as living systems above the level of the individual (like human ecology). Ecology of warfare examines habitats, the relationship between organisms and the environment in the military field. The capability-based, mission-based, coordinated (target, place and time) ability to use military forces has an impact on the ecology. The analysis of the place and role of military operations from the perspective of the ecology of warfare is an important, timely issue. In the study, the author analyses the tasks required for planning, organising and conducting a military operation and their relationship to environmental protection.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 47 GENEVA CONVENTION I TO THE MILITARY (AN OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGES WITHIN THE INDONESIAN ARMED FORCES)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Fadillah Agus
Keyword(s):  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
The Future ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
The Military

Abstract The preferable implementation of article 47 of the First Geneva Convention 1949 is conducting activities in the format of military training and exercises rather than seminars. The contents, methodology as well as the instructor should be in accordance with military operations that will be encountered by the soldiers. “do what you have trained and train what you will do”. The implementation of article 47 GC I is related to article 82 and 87 AP I. Furthermore, within Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) it is related with the formation of “the professional soldier” as enshrined in Article 2 section (4) of the Law No. 34 of 2004 of TNI. In addition to the increased awareness, some additional achievements related to operational and training aspects were also achieved in the period of 1998 – 2015. These include the issuance of Technical Guidance on the Implementation of international humanitarian law and human rights into the Training, the three standing ROEs and the TNI Commander decree on Prohibition of Torture. These all doctrinal impact are resulting from the dissemination program that may have influence on the betterment of the TNI operations in the future. However, some further improvements are required, among others, to improve the skills of the concerned officers to draft appropriate ROEs and to complement the legal unit with an operational law / international humanitarian law section. Moreover, the challenge for Indonesia in the future is to improve its enforcement mechanisms i.e. to enhance the military justice system to be more reliable and independent in line with the spirit of article 49 GC I. Keywords: international humanitarian law, armed conflict, military academy, dissemination program, laws of war.   Abstrak Pelaksanaan Pasal 47 dalam Konvensi Genewa Pertama 1949 adalah melaksanakan aktivitas dalam format aktivitas pelatihan dan militer dibandingkan dengan melakukan seminar. Isi dari pelatihan, metodologi dan instruktur harus sesuai dengan operasi militer yang dihadapi oleh seorang prajurit, “lakukanlah apa yang telah dilatihkan kepadamu dan latihlahlah apa yang akan kamu lakukan”. Pelaksanaan pasal 47 Konvensi Genewa Pertama 1949 berkaitan dengan Pasal 82 dan 87 dari Konvensi yang sama. Lebih lanjut lagi, dalam Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), berkaitan dengan pembentukan “prajurit profesional” seperti yang disampaikan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (4) Undang-undang No. 34 tahun 2004 mengenai TNI. Dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan, beberapa capaian tambahan berkenaan dengan aspek operasional dan pelatihan juga dicapai dalam periode 1998-2015. Hal ini termasuk mengeluarkan Panduan Teknis mengenai Implementasi Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan HAM dalam pelatihan, dan tiga pilar ROEs dan keputusan Panglima TNI tentang Larangan Penyiksaan. Semua doktrin ini lahir dari dampak diseminasi dalam program pelatihan untuk melahirkan prajurit TNI yang lebih baik dimasa yang akan datang. Meskipun demikian, sejumlah peningkatan terhadap pengetahuan mengenai hukum humaniter telah tumbuh dikalangan prajutit TNI. Tantangan selanjutnya adalah mendorong peningkatan mekanisme pentaatan, misalnya mendorong sistem pengadilan militer untuk lebih indeoenden dan dapat diandalkan sejalan dengan semangat Pasal 49 Konvensi Genewa Pertama 1949. Kata kunci: hukum humaniter, konflik bersenjata, akademi militer, program diseminasi, hukum perang.

scholarly journals MEDIA IMAGES OF THE ARMED FORCES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AMERICAN, INDIAN AND PAKISTANI PRESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-942
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz Raza ◽  
Muhammad Usman Saeed ◽  
Zafar Ali
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Media Image ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military ◽  
American Army

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze and compare the media images and coverage of three countries regarding their security forces. For this purpose, researchers have examined the media image of the American Army in the New York Times, the Indian Army in Indian Express, and the Pakistani Army in The Dawn. Methodology: The researchers selected news stories of three sampled newspapers; New York Times, Indian Express, and The Dawn for one year from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018 purposively for the content analysis. Spearman correlations, central tendency, frames of the stories in terms of positive, negative, and neutral have been examined. The researchers have examined coverage patterns of security forces at the object, attribute, and network levels in the light of agenda-setting theory. Main Findings: There are significant differences in the image of the armed forces. Indian Express covered the Indian army positively with the special emphasis on the success of the armed in internal military operations and the glorification of the military leadership. Similarly, New York Times covered the American Army favourably with a particular focus on external military operations for peace and security purposes. Whereas, The Dawn covered Pakistan Army differently. Applications of this study: The study will be helpful and of great importance for media owners, media regulatory bodies, military establishments, foreign and international relations. The study will also be a significant contribution towards civil-military relationships in geostrategic locations of the sub-continent. Since these countries have been involved in war-on-terror in this region as far as peace and stability are concerned, the study will be a roadmap for the peacekeeping forces. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few research studies have been witnessed so far on the media image of these countries. This study is new and different in nature as the military image of three different countries in terms of civil-military relationship has been measured on their mainstream media.

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