Where the wind blows: Five Star Movement’s populism, direct democracy and ideological flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Manucci ◽  
Michi Amsler

The paper focusses on the online political discourse of the Five Star Movement (5SM) and its strategic adaptability. The main goal of the analysis is to establish how salient several topics are over time in order to test the party’s ideological flexibility. Indeed, 5SM’s post-ideological approach and its emphasis on direct-democratic tools might constitute a winning formula for other populist parties willing to exploit the crisis of the mainstream parties and representation. The paper, through an automated content analysis, tracks the longitudinal evolution of the salience of the topics addressed by 5SM on the party’s blog. This allows us to establish which topics are at the core of the party’s message and which, on the other hand, have been raised strategically over time. Results show that 5SM’s discourse is very flexible and adaptable: it devotes a large space to the importance of direct democracy while flexibly addressing different topics depending on the political and social context.

Author(s):  
Avi Max Spiegel

This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.


2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056628
Author(s):  
Mônica Nunes-Rubinstein ◽  
Teresa Leão

ObjectivesTo identify proponents and opponents of the commercialisation and marketing of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs), identify the arguments used on both sides and compare how the arguments have changed over time, we analysed three policy discussions occurring in 2009, 2018 and 2019.MethodsWe conducted a content analysis of one document and six videos from these discussions, provided on the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency website, or upon request.ResultsThe arguments most used by tobacco companies were related to claims that the use of e-cigarettes and HTPs is less harmful than conventional tobacco. Unions that support its commercialisation also argued that lifting the ban would prevent smuggling and guarantee their quality. On the other side, universities, medical and anti-tobacco institutions argued that such devices may have health risks, including the risk of inducing cigarette smoking. In 2009, most arguments belonged to the ‘health’ theme, while in 2018 and 2019 economic arguments and those related to morals and ethics were frequently used.ConclusionsThose that supported the commercialisation and marketing of e-cigarettes and HTPs first focused on arguments of harm reduction, while 10 years later the right to access and potential economic consequences also became common. Public health agents and academics must gather evidence to effectively respond to these arguments and discuss these policies, and must prepare themselves to use and respond to arguments related to moral and economic themes.


Author(s):  
Nilay Yavuz ◽  
Naci Karkın ◽  
İsmet Parlak ◽  
Özlem Özdeşim Subay

Along with the growing use of twitter as a tool of political interaction, recently, there has also been an attention in the academia to understand and explain how and why politicians use twitter, and what its impact on the political outcomes are. On the other hand, there has been little analysis about the content of the tweets that politicians from different parties posted during major political events. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the discourse strategies that the top-level politicians of the party in power and of the main opposition party in Turkey used in their tweets during Gezi Park events in the summer of 2013. Findings from a hand-coded content analysis based on Van Dijk's framework (2006) indicate that while the most frequently used strategy was actor descriptions and categorization for both parties' politicians, burden strategy and lexicalization / metaphor strategy were used significantly more by the main opposition party politicians compared to the politicians of the party in power.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Juliana Costa Lisboa ◽  
Pedro Aguiar

This paper addresses news exchange between Brazil and Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa, as carried out by each country’s national news agency. The main goal of this study is to understand how the flow of information is undertaken by these agencies. For this end, a quantitative and comparative survey was conducted on usage of texts from one agency by the other, by means of content analysis of cited material published on their respective websites, during the period of May 2016 to May 2017. In spite of important international events having taken place in Brazil during that time, the exchange between agencies was recorded as minimal. In order to analyze this exchange, we adopt theoretical perspectives from the political economy of news agencies (Boyd-Barrett, 1980) and of the circulation of news (Machado, 2008; Medina, 1998.) The paper applies the concept of network-territory to the analysis of news exchange and focuses on analyzing the structures of news production. The geocultural Lusophone sphere is understood here as a space of information circulation. The paper proposes a dialogue between Geographies of Communication and Journalism Studies.O artigo aborda o intercâmbio de notícias entre o Brasil e os países da África de língua portuguesa, operado por meio de suas respectivas agências nacionais de notícias. Entender de que forma se dá o fluxo informativo a partir das agências é o principal objetivo deste estudo. Para isso, fez-se uma pesquisa quantitativa e comparativa sobre o aproveitamento de textos de cada agência em todas as demais, por meio de análise de conteúdo sobre citações no material publicado em seus respectivos websites, no intervalo de maio de 2016 a maio de 2017. Apesar de fatos de grande repercussão internacional ocorridos no Brasil no período, o intercâmbio verificado foi mínimo. Para analisá-lo, são aqui adotadas as perspectivas da Economia Política das agências de notícias, de Boyd-Barrett (1980), e de circulação de notícias (Machado, Medina.) O trabalho incorpora o conceito de território-rede à análise do intercâmbio de notícias e se concentra na análise das estruturas de produção da notícia. A esfera geocultural lusófona é entendida como um espaço de circulação de informações e propõe-se uma interlocução entre as Geografias da Comunicação e os estudos de jornalismo.Palavras-chave: agências de notícias; jornalismo na África; geografias da comunicação; circulação de notíciasEl artículo aborda el intercambio de noticias entre Brasil y los países lusohablantes de África, operado por sus respectivas agencias nacionales de noticias. Comprender de qué forma se pasa el flujo de información desde las agencias de noticias es el objetivo principal de este estudio. Para ello se llevó a cabo una encuesta cuantitativa y comparativa por medio de análisis de contenido sobre el aprovechamiento de noticias de cada agencia en cada una de las demás, mediante replicación o atribución como fuente entre los contenidos en sus respectivos sitios web, en el lapso comprendido entre mayo de 2016 y mayo de 2017. Pese la gran repercusión internacional de sucesos en Brasil en ese período, el intercambio constatado ha sido mínimo. Para analizarlo, se utilizan las perspectivas de Economía Política de las agencias de noticias, de Boyd-Barrett (1980), y de la circulación de noticias (Machado, Medina.) El artículo aplica el concepto de territorio-red al análisis del intercambio de noticias y se centra en el análisis de las estructuras de producción de noticias. La esfera geocultural de lengua portuguesa se la entiende como un espacio de circulación de información y se propone una interlocución entre las Geografías de Comunicación y los estudios de Periodismo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Jennifer Johnson Jorgensen ◽  
Katelyn Sorensen

Consumers have been advocating for a variety of causes, and in turn, retailers are expressing their political opinions through social-media posts in hopes of aligning with their customers’ views. This study looks at a single case in which customers reacted to a retailer’s political opinion posted on a social media account. Data was collected at the time of the retailer’s political post and up to three years afterward. Content analysis was employed to identify themes from the customer reviews posted, and four themes were identified. Of significance, this study found that customers of a retail store typically merge feelings on the retailer’s product and political post or the retailer’s service and the political post within their social media responses. Thus, a majority of customers in this case were not exclusively focused on battling the political post on social media. Also, a shift in customers’ opinions of the retailer shifted positively over time.


ملخص: سعت الدراسة لرصد وتحليل خصائص وسمات التغطية الإخبارية لقضايا الأسرى الفلسطينيين المضربين عن الطعام في النشرات الإخبارية الرئيسية بالفضائيات الفلسطينية والعربية، وقد اعتمدت على منهج المسح فيما يتعلق بالنشرات الإخبارية في قناة فلسطين وقناة الجزيرة باستخدام صحيفة تحليل المضمون، من خلال المسح بالعينة للنشرات الإخبارية الرئيسية لمدة ثلاثة وستين يوماً وهى مدة الإضراب من تاريخ 23/4/2014م وحتى 25/6/2014م. اتضح من خلال نتائج الدراسة أن القنوات الفضائية أعطت اهتماماً كبيراً لأخبار الأسرى الفلسطينيين المضربين عن الطعام وقضاياهم بنشراتها الإخبارية مع تفاوت نسب الاهتمام من قناة إلى أخرى، فجاءت الأحداث والقضايا الاجتماعية والنفسية في مقدمة تلك القضايا، يليها القضايا الأمنية، ثم القضايا السياسية، فالقضايا الاقتصادية، وأخيراً القضايا العسكرية. ركزت قناة الجزيرة على عرض أحداث الأسرى الفلسطينيين وقضاياهم باستخدام خبر واحد فقط بالاعتماد على أكثر من شكل إخباري، في حين ركزت قناة فلسطين على تقديم أكثر من خبرين في النشرة الواحدة باستخدام الخبر والتقرير المصاحب له، كما تنوع الشكل الإخباري المستخدم في القنوات عينة الدراسة، فجاء على رأسها تقديم الخبر عن طريق مذيع مع تقارير المراسلين، وتراجع نقل الخبر مباشرة من موقع الحدث إلى الترتيب الأخير، واتضح أن هناك ارتفاعاً في نسبة اعتماد هذه القنوات على مصادرها الذاتية في معالجتها الإخبارية لهذه القضايا. تنوعت عناصر التعبير المرئية والصوتية المستخدمة في تقديم قضايا الأسرى، وتمثل ذلك باستخدام تقارير المراسلين وتقارير الأستوديو، كما تنوعت عناصر الإبراز المستخدمة في تقديمها، مما يدلل على الأهمية النسبية التي تحظى بها هذه القضايا في المعالجة الإخبارية بالفضائيات الفلسطينية والعربية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الأسرى الفلسطينيين، إضراب الأسرى عن الطعام، قناة فلسطين، قناة الجزيرة، التغطية الإخبارية. Abstract This study seeks to record and analyze the properties and the characteristics of The news coverage of the cases of the Palestinian Prisoners’ Hunger Strike in the basic newscasts broadcasted in the Palestinian and Arab SatelliteChannels. The study used the survey methodology for the sample of the newscasts broadcasted on Palestine Channel and Al Jazeera News Channel to analyze the coverage of the cases of the prisoners’ hunger strike mentioned in the newscasts by using the content analysis sheet. The two satellite channels gave a large interest in the news and the cases of the Palestinian prisoners’ hunger strike with the variance in the interest percentages from a channel to the other. The news and the social and psychological cases came at the top of the cases of the Palestinian prisoners’ hunger strike, followed by a coverage for the security cases, the political cases, the economical cases and finally the military cases. The results revealed an increase in the dependence on self-sources in the news coverage in both channels. In addition, the results reported an absence of dependence on the Palestinian media sources in Al Jazeera Channel while Palestine Channel depended on and transferred from the Israeli Media Sources in its news coverage for the cases of the prisoners. Keywords: Palestine Channel, Al Jazeera Channel, News Coverage, Palestinian Prisoners’ Hunger Strike, Satellite Newscasts.


Author(s):  
Alessandro Gennaro ◽  
Omar C. G. Gelo ◽  
Gloria Lagetto ◽  
Sergio Salvatore

The present work aims to empirically map what has been investigated and which issues (i.e. topics) characterize the debates of psychotherapy research, using a computer-assisted, bottom-up method of content analysis. The abstract of papers (N=13,499), published between 2000-2016 and retrieved from a sample of 10 journals selected as representing the field of psychotherapy research, were subjected to a method of automated content analysis. Five different research topics were identified (clinical relationship, clinical efficacy, clinical practice and research, psychopathology, and neuroscientific approaches to mental disorders) and each abstract was labeled according to the retrieved research topic. Two different Chi-square analyses investigated the distributions of research topics over time and among the selected journals. Results concerning the distribution over time highlighted an increase in the clinical relationship and clinical efficacy topics and a decrease in the others. An examination of the distribution among journals showed that psychopathology and neuroscientific approaches to mental disorders were associated with psychiatric journals, while the others were associated with non-psychiatric journals. The findings are discussed in light of the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications offering pointers for a critical understanding of the current psychotherapy research domain.


Author(s):  
Ehab NAAS

National security is one of the most important components of the state’s entity to preserve its role and position and ensure its progress. Therefore, it is noted that most countries of the world give priority to issues related to national security. On the other hand, it can be said that Libyan national security has not received sufficient attention at the practical and academic levels, and this may be due to more than reason; The political data were not aware of the importance of the matter intentionally or unintentionally, and with the succession of events and developments in Libya in recent years, the issue began to take serious dimensions affecting the Libyan national security in its broad sense at the core, which requires concerted official, informal and academic efforts to address and address this. Topic. Libya is going through conditions and events that are not appropriate for stability and national security cohesion. Indeed, Libya is now living in a vacuum and a national reality characterized by many indicators of disintegration, conflict and violence. This is evident in the criticism of citizens, but in phenomena and events that negatively affect the coherence of national security, and this situation will inevitably lead to Citizens' lack of confidence in their state, but rather to the dissolution and disintegration of the structure of society, and the transformation of this building into groups, tribes, or regions in conflict and even warring with weapons, and this conflict will increase the disintegration of national cohesion and create a national political vacuum that helps foreign intervention in the Libyan affairs under the pretext of helping to maintain security and stability. This intervention may conceal foreign interests and agendas, and lead the country to the unknown and all the possibilities and political and security scenes whose far-reaching goals Libyans are ignorant of. Therefore, everyone in Libya is walking on a road that they do not know its end, and this requires thinking, planning and action to preserve national security and increase the degree of cohesion of all its components, whether Be it tribes, groups, or political and ideological centers, all Libyans are in one boat sailing towards the shore of safety, and it may sink in a sea that does not know the end of its end, and in view of these considerations, we saw the need to address the problems and repel the greedy in the wealth of Libya, to preserve the Libyan national security and make recommendations to strengthen it And maintain it. With our knowledge of the broadening aspects of national security in its broadest sense, we can begin to root this issue by examining its foundations and the current challenges it faces. Keywords: National Security, Geopolitics, Strategy, Foreign Policy, Threats and Risks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Joanna Rak ◽  

Embedded in scholarship on militant democracy, this research aims to explain how Italian legislation was positioned to militant democratic measures and how this changed over time. Drawing on the qualitative source analysis and the explanatory frameworks of democratic vulnerability tests two competing theory-grounded assumptions. While the first one assumes that Italian democracy became vulnerable when traditional militant democracy instruments were outmoded, the second considers the misuse or abandonment of those means with social consent as the source of vulnerability. The crisis-induced socioeconomic inequality and uncertainty weakened the Italian political nation. As a result, the latter supported populists in return for a promise of political change. The anti-democratic legal means employed to extend power competencies and prevent the exchange of ruling parties were the way to and the costs of the expected political change. At the same time, the political nation became unable to self-organize to strengthen democracy self-defense. As a result, Italians co-produced a quasi-militant democracy that turned vulnerable because militant democracy measures were misused or not used with the consent of Italians that relinquished their political subjectivity in favor of the Northern League and the Five Star Movement.


Author(s):  
Iris Laner

Preservation, positive affection, hope and experience are some of the core concerns of post-critical pedagogy. In order to highlight them, post-critical approaches regard it as necessary to refuse critical action on the one hand and separate the pedagogical from the political sphere on the other. In my paper I will suggest that there is a possibility to stress post-critical ideas and the need to rethink what pedagogical thinking and action is about without abandoning the critical attitude and the orientation towards the political. This possibility is bound to an inverse perspective on critique and politics. In this inverse view, which I develop engaging with recent debates in critical theory, critique can be framed as a situated engagement that faces the other within a lively present experience. Politics can be understood as variable forms of living together with humans and non-humans on the basis of shared times and spaces. Bringing in this perspective, makes it possible to go beyond the critique-post-critique-struggle and introduce an approach that is sympathetic with both critical and post-critical concerns.


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