Intra-regional differences in the social perception of allophonic variation: The evaluation of [tʃ] and [ʃ] in Huelva and Lepe (Western Andalucía)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-101
Author(s):  
Brendan Regan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Allophonic Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

AbstractThis study examines the social perceptions of the traditional Andalusian feature [ʃ] and the Castilian feature [tʃ] in the city of Huelva and the town of Lepe in Western Andalucía, Spain. A matched-guise experiment was created by digitally manipulating spontaneous speech from twelve Western Andalusian speakers, varying only in word-medial syllable-initial [tʃ] and [ʃ] for <ch> in disyllabic words. Based on 221 listeners from Huelva and Lepe, mixed effects linear regression models indicate that listeners evaluated speakers with [tʃ] guises as being of higher status, more cosmopolitan, and less friendly than speakers with [ʃ] guises. These findings interacted with speaker and listener gender, listener educational level, and listener origin. The implications are twofold: the traditional Andalusian feature is evaluated as less overtly prestigious than the supra-local Castilian feature; and, that two nearby communities of the same dialect variety may share similar language attitudes, but demonstrate nuanced differences in attitudes due to their unique historical and socioeconomic developments.

The social meaning of a merger: The evaluation of an Andalusian Spanish consonant merger (ceceo)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Brendan Regan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
The Social

Abstract This study analyzes the social evaluations of the Andalusian Spanish ceceo merger and its split, distinción. A matched-guise experiment was created by digitally manipulating spontaneous speech from twelve Western Andalusian speakers, varying only in syllable-initial [s̪] and [θ] for <s> and <z,ci,ce>, creating ceceo and distinción guises. Based on 221 listeners from Huelva and Lepe, Spain, mixed effects linear regression models found that speakers with distinción guises were evaluated as being of higher social status, more urban, and more formal than speakers with ceceo guises. Additionally, listeners' comments referred not only to the sounds and graphemes, but also to the merger itself and its social connotations. The implications are two-fold: (i) consonant mergers may be subject to more overt social evaluation than vocalic mergers; and (ii) a merger can acquire social meaning, and this meaning in turn, may promote its split. (Mergers, splits, sociolinguistic perception, language attitudes, Andalusian Spanish, sociophonetics, dialect levelling, ceceo, distinción)*

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kegiatan Komite Audit terhadap Kualitas Audit

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Dayu Swispa Pamantau
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
High Competence ◽  
The City ◽  
A Company

The accuracy of the determination of policies within a company is determined by the quality of the resulting audit by the auditor. Audit quality will be higher when the auditor assigned to have high competence in the field of audit, in addition to the quality of the audit will be better if the activities of the audit committee to provide oversight of internal party activities. Therefore, this study purpose to determine the effect of the competence and activities of the audit committee on audit quality. The study was conducted at the KAP region of the city of Padang and Pekanbaru. The sample used was 43 respondents. The analysis method used is to use multiple linear regression models. Based on the results of hypothesis testing results found that the competence and activities of the audit committee have a significant effect on audit quality auditors working in KAP of Padang and Pekanbaru city.

scholarly journals Living in a leisure town: residential reactions to the growth of popular tourism in Southend, 1870–1890

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID CHURCHILL
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Resort Towns ◽  
The Town

ABSTRACT:While historical interest in the seaside has grown appreciably in recent times, much of the literature remains preoccupied with issues specific to resort towns. This article examines the social dynamics of the seaside town more broadly, through a study of Southend residents in the 1870s and 1880s. It analyses their discussions of working-class tourists and the industries which catered for them, before examining attempts to regulate the use of public space in the town. This is a study of rapid urbanization in a small town, and how social perceptions and relations were reconfigured in this context.

scholarly journals The City within the City: A Glimpse of Elite Formation in Deptford, London and Dadaocheng, Taipei

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Niki J. P. Alsford
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed a significant expansion of both Deptford in southeast London and the market town of Dadaocheng in northern Taiwan. A factor that unites the two can arguably be found in both historically avoiding becoming part of the cities to which they now belong. The collective desire of their more well-to-do residents to shape an urban modern space that could fit their aspirations transcended national boundaries. Defined as the “urban elite,” the more notable residents were both globally situated and connected. They lived in a modernity that was self-defined and interpreted, one that was differentiated across a range of institutions: family life, economic and political structures, education, mass communication, and individual orientation. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to argue that these arenas should be understood as a narrative of continual design and redesign. What is more, they were essentially marshaled by a rising new urban middle class. The fortunes that they acquired were a result of their connections to the town they helped mold and transform. Using social elite theory, this article will argue that if the social, economic, and political conditions across areas are similar, people will behave in comparable ways with only contextual differences. In the case of Taiwan, attention to this overlooked aspect of its social history is important in helping to situate the island in global comparisons.

Agonising Liminality: A Study Of Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Ezhugnayiru
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Unpleasant Experience

                      This article throws light on the distress a liminal experience could give for an individual or to a community who belong to a specific ethnicity, regarding the novel Snow written by the Turkish writer, Orhan Pamuk. Turkey located geographically in the edges of landscapes where the east and the west meet encounters this liminality over a couple of decades and stays as the setting of the novel Snow. In the liminal state, people fall in the breaks and crevices of the social structure which they think.The liminal stage individual encounters, a period of instability and vulnerability. Orhan Pamuk's Snow reflects the unpleasant experience of progress from the Islam arranged Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey. The setting of the novel, the town of Kars, a periphery city fringe to Turkey stands as a representative of Turkey's minimization from the world. Pamuk supplements the fruitless condition of the city all through this novel.

Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Conniff
Keyword(s):  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

In the 1530’s, as Mexico and then Peru began sending eastward the treasure which would so profoundly affect European life, the town of Guayaquil was established on the coast of present-day Ecuador. During the next three centuries Guayaquil developed into a society fundamentally different from and even antithetical to those of the great highland capitals. Agriculture, industry, and commerce, rather than mining, became the mainstays of Guayaquil’s economy. The decline of indigenous population on the coast and an influx of free Negroes from the north rendered an egalitarian and racially mixed people of low social differentiation. Cacao grown on the coastal lowlands provided the thrust for a wide range of trade and manufacturing activities. Yet tensions between location on a main imperial trade route and the stifling commercial control of nearby Lima resolved into a rough-and-tumble political system which thrived on contraband and autonomy. By the early nineteenth century Guayaquil had achieved a large measure of independence from Spain, and it played an important role in the liberation movements of western South America. After sketching the early development of the city, we will examine in some detail the system of labor and production in Guayaquil during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Then the city’s precocious autonomy within the colonial system will be discussed, prior to a concluding assessment of the social outcomes of Guayaquil’s development by the time of Independence.

scholarly journals Lonely in the City–Sociodemographic Status and Somatic Morbidities as Predictors of Loneliness and Depression among Seniors–Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7213
Author(s):  
Kasper Sipowicz ◽  
Marlena Podlecka ◽  
Łukasz Mokros ◽  
Tadeusz Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
The City

Up to a third of the population of older adults has been estimated to suffer from feelings of loneliness, which is considered a risk factor of depression. The aim of this paper is to compare the perceived level of loneliness and depression in seniors living in the country and in the cities and assess somatic morbidity and sociodemographic status as predictors of loneliness and depressiveness. n = 92 older adults in primary care units filled out a set of questionnaires: authors’ survey on sociodemographic data and morbidities, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI, to measure depressiveness) and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS, to assess loneliness). There was a strong, positive and statistically significant correlation between the BDI and DJGLS scores (R = 0.855, p < 0.001). City residents had on average higher BDI and DJGLS scores. Linear regression models were constructed to predict BDI and DJGLS scores. The set of statistically significant predictors were similar for BDI and DJGLS. Sociodemographic status and somatic morbidities accounted for around 90% of variance of depressiveness and loneliness scores in the studied group. Living alone was found to be the strongest relative predictor of both loneliness and depressiveness in the studied sample of the older adults. Our current results suggest that there might be a need to improve social support in the late adulthood as an intervention to diminish the sense of loneliness and depressiveness.

scholarly journals „Was für mich selbst gut ist, kann meinen Kindern nicht schaden.“ Der Einfluss der elterlichen Freizeitaktivitäten auf die Eltern-Kind-Aktivitäten

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-364
Author(s):  
Nicole Biedinger
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Careers

Families differ strongly in how they deal with their children. These differences are often attributed to the socio-economic origin of the parents. Numerous studies have shown that the type and the availability of the stimuli in a child’s home environment strongly influence the child’s abilities. But how can the social differences in parent-child interactions be explained? It is argued that parents consciously or unconsciously want to maximize their child-related activities’ utility. This maximization of utility is also visible in parents’ own cultural leisure activities. Thus these should predict the extent of their interactions with their child in the home environment. This utility-theoretical approach is tested by using the data of the project “Preschool education and educational careers among migrant children”. Employing linear regression models, it can be shown that the social differences are related primarily to the cultural leisure behaviour of the parents, rather than to the family’s financial situation. Thus, the parents’ own interests are reflected in their interaction within the home environment, which, in turn, has a direct effect upon their child’s development. Zusammenfassung Familien variieren sehr stark darin, wie sie mit ihren Kindern umgehen. Diese Unterschiede werden oft auf die sozioökonomische Herkunft (SES) der Eltern zurückgeführt. Viele Studien können belegen, dass die Art und der Umfang des häuslichen Anregungsniveaus die Kompetenzentwicklung der Kinder stark beeinflusst. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wodurch die sozialen Unterschiede bei den Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen erklärt werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Eltern bewusst oder unbewusst im Rahmen von Aktivitäten mit ihrem Kind ihren Nutzen maximieren wollen. Diese Nutzenmaximierung zeigt sich auch in ihren eigenen hochkulturellen Freizeitaktivitäten. Somit sollten die eigenen Freizeitaktivitäten der Eltern den Umfang an häuslichen Interaktionen mit ihrem Kind vorhersagen. Dieser nutzentheoretische Ansatz wird mit den Daten des Projekts „Erwerb von sprachlichen und kulturellen Kompetenzen von Migrantenkindern in der Vorschulzeit“ überprüft. Mit Hilfe von linearen Regressionsmodellen wird gezeigt, dass die sozialen Unterschiede vor allem mit dem hochkulturellen Freizeitverhalten der Eltern zusammenhängen, und nicht von der finanziellen Situation der Familien abhängen. Somit spiegeln sich die eigenen Interessen der Eltern in der häuslichen Interaktion wider, die wiederum direkt die Kompetenzen der Kinder beeinflusst.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT SOCIETIES IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Jane J. Barus ◽  
Prof. Willy Muturi ◽  
Dr. Patrick Kibati ◽  
Dr Joel Koima
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Liability Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Professional Guidance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquidity on financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya.Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. The target population was 83 registered deposit taking SACCO’s in Kenya that have been in operation for the last five years. The sample size for the study was all 83 SACCOs that have remained in existence since 2011-2015. Census methodology was used in the study.  Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed.  Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and STATA. A pilot study was conducted to measure the research instruments reliability and validity. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The data was presented using tables and graphs.Results: Based on the findings the study concluded that liquidity influenced the financial performance of savings and credit societies in Kenya. This can be explained by the regression results which showed that the influence was positive and also showed the magnitude by which liquidity influenced the financial performance of savings and credit societies. The regression results showed that liquidity influenced the financial performance of savings and credit societies by 0.019 units.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended for the deployment of efficient systems to strengthen liquidity risk control fundamentals. SACCO’s should also consider seeking professional guidance towards adopting policies on asset and liability management.

scholarly journals Decentralization as a Cause of Spatial Segregation

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1134-1140
Author(s):  
Ema Alihodzic Jasarovic ◽  
Dragan Komatina ◽  
Sanja Paunovic Zaric ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Nikolay Vatin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The city is a complex, constant and incomplete process. Dynamic changes in the demographic and spatial growth of the modern city, affect its functional organization. Consequently, cities with the specific expansion both vertically and horizontally, change the urban concept over the time. In this regard, the paper will highlight the problem of spatial segregation and alienation of the population which is the idea of a functional city, as it continues to exist through the concept of polycentric cities. This was a clear message that the rationality of the organization of the city did not offer good results. This principle of urbanism is characterized as a new form of organizing the social differences and creation of segregation, contrary to the idea of urbanism that turns the city into a single homogeneous entity eliminating differences. Along with the aforesaid, the neoliberal globalization process, emphasizing the hierarchical divisions, deepens and inaugurates a new concept of the divided city. Due to the extreme inequalities, the town itself produces a new urbanism that is reflected in the significant spatial divisions and forms of behavior in cities. Socio-economic polarization and inequality pollute the space giving birth to a new idea of a city. The city becomes a complex process and structure that is imprisoned in the model of duality between conflicting social spaces. All this implies an unbreakable bond between the divided society and the divided city.

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