scholarly journals Decentralization as a Cause of Spatial Segregation

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1134-1140
Author(s):  
Ema Alihodzic Jasarovic ◽  
Dragan Komatina ◽  
Sanja Paunovic Zaric ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Nikolay Vatin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The city is a complex, constant and incomplete process. Dynamic changes in the demographic and spatial growth of the modern city, affect its functional organization. Consequently, cities with the specific expansion both vertically and horizontally, change the urban concept over the time. In this regard, the paper will highlight the problem of spatial segregation and alienation of the population which is the idea of a functional city, as it continues to exist through the concept of polycentric cities. This was a clear message that the rationality of the organization of the city did not offer good results. This principle of urbanism is characterized as a new form of organizing the social differences and creation of segregation, contrary to the idea of urbanism that turns the city into a single homogeneous entity eliminating differences. Along with the aforesaid, the neoliberal globalization process, emphasizing the hierarchical divisions, deepens and inaugurates a new concept of the divided city. Due to the extreme inequalities, the town itself produces a new urbanism that is reflected in the significant spatial divisions and forms of behavior in cities. Socio-economic polarization and inequality pollute the space giving birth to a new idea of a city. The city becomes a complex process and structure that is imprisoned in the model of duality between conflicting social spaces. All this implies an unbreakable bond between the divided society and the divided city.

EVALUATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF SPATIAL SEGREGATION IN LVIV. HISTORICAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Senkiv Z ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

The article attempts to outline the phenomenon of spatial segregation in Lviv. It highlights the historical aspects of this phenomenon, and their impact on the current situation. Also is outlined the own classification of the social groups which have developed at present city is considering the degree of their mutual isolation. It was found that in the historical aspect of spatial segregation in Lviv can be divided into three periods: - medieval (when it was discriminatory), Soviet (when it was a privilege marking of politically "trustworthy"), and modern (associated with property stratification). Each of these segregation stages has left its mark on the spatial character of the city, albeit to varying degrees. Thus, the medieval discriminatory segregation of space is now practically inactive; the Soviet partially changed its direction and lost its original meaning, the modern one is at the stage of active development and deepening. Eight social categories have been identified in modern Lviv, in relation to which the process of spatial segregation is taking place. Accordingly, an assessment of the phenomenon of spatial segregation is given, which should take into account the following factors: a) the frequency of intersection of social groups of different categories; b) the place where this intersection takes place (for example citywide holidays); c) territorial distribution of spatially segregated groups. Preliminarily assessed the isolation level of different social groups, which also has a urban dimension.

scholarly journals The City within the City: A Glimpse of Elite Formation in Deptford, London and Dadaocheng, Taipei

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Niki J. P. Alsford
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed a significant expansion of both Deptford in southeast London and the market town of Dadaocheng in northern Taiwan. A factor that unites the two can arguably be found in both historically avoiding becoming part of the cities to which they now belong. The collective desire of their more well-to-do residents to shape an urban modern space that could fit their aspirations transcended national boundaries. Defined as the “urban elite,” the more notable residents were both globally situated and connected. They lived in a modernity that was self-defined and interpreted, one that was differentiated across a range of institutions: family life, economic and political structures, education, mass communication, and individual orientation. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to argue that these arenas should be understood as a narrative of continual design and redesign. What is more, they were essentially marshaled by a rising new urban middle class. The fortunes that they acquired were a result of their connections to the town they helped mold and transform. Using social elite theory, this article will argue that if the social, economic, and political conditions across areas are similar, people will behave in comparable ways with only contextual differences. In the case of Taiwan, attention to this overlooked aspect of its social history is important in helping to situate the island in global comparisons.

Agonising Liminality: A Study Of Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. Ezhugnayiru
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Unpleasant Experience

                      This article throws light on the distress a liminal experience could give for an individual or to a community who belong to a specific ethnicity, regarding the novel Snow written by the Turkish writer, Orhan Pamuk. Turkey located geographically in the edges of landscapes where the east and the west meet encounters this liminality over a couple of decades and stays as the setting of the novel Snow. In the liminal state, people fall in the breaks and crevices of the social structure which they think.The liminal stage individual encounters, a period of instability and vulnerability. Orhan Pamuk's Snow reflects the unpleasant experience of progress from the Islam arranged Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey. The setting of the novel, the town of Kars, a periphery city fringe to Turkey stands as a representative of Turkey's minimization from the world. Pamuk supplements the fruitless condition of the city all through this novel.

Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Conniff
Keyword(s):  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

In the 1530’s, as Mexico and then Peru began sending eastward the treasure which would so profoundly affect European life, the town of Guayaquil was established on the coast of present-day Ecuador. During the next three centuries Guayaquil developed into a society fundamentally different from and even antithetical to those of the great highland capitals. Agriculture, industry, and commerce, rather than mining, became the mainstays of Guayaquil’s economy. The decline of indigenous population on the coast and an influx of free Negroes from the north rendered an egalitarian and racially mixed people of low social differentiation. Cacao grown on the coastal lowlands provided the thrust for a wide range of trade and manufacturing activities. Yet tensions between location on a main imperial trade route and the stifling commercial control of nearby Lima resolved into a rough-and-tumble political system which thrived on contraband and autonomy. By the early nineteenth century Guayaquil had achieved a large measure of independence from Spain, and it played an important role in the liberation movements of western South America. After sketching the early development of the city, we will examine in some detail the system of labor and production in Guayaquil during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Then the city’s precocious autonomy within the colonial system will be discussed, prior to a concluding assessment of the social outcomes of Guayaquil’s development by the time of Independence.

scholarly journals Gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification in Seville, Spain

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 3044-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Jover ◽  
Ibán Díaz-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Increased international tourism in large European cities has been a growing social and political issue over the last few years. As the number of urban tourists has rapidly grown, studies have often focused on its socio-spatial consequences, commonly referred to as touristification, and have linked this to gentrification. This connection makes sense within the framework of planetary gentrification theories because the social injustices it generates in cities have a global pattern. However, gentrification is a complex process that must be analytically differentiated from tourism strategies and their effects. Whereas gentrification means a lower income population replaced by one of a higher status, touristification consists of an increase in tourist activity that generally implies the loss of residents. Strategies to appropriate and marketise culture to sustain tourism-led economies can also shape more attractive places for foreign wealthy newcomers, whose arrival has been theorised as transnational gentrification. Discussions on the relationship between gentrification, transnational gentrification and touristification are essential, especially regarding how they work in transforming an urban area’s social fabric, for which Seville, Spain’s fourth largest city with an economy specialised in cultural tourism, provides a starting point. The focus is set on the processes’ timelines and similar patterns, which are tested on three consecutive scales of analysis: the city, the historic district and the Alameda neighbourhood. Through the examination of these transformations, the article concludes that transnational gentrification and touristification are new urban strategies and practices to revalorise real estate and appropriate urban surplus in unique urban areas.

Environmental Protection, Work, and Social Inclusion: Formalizing the Recycling of Urban Solid Waste in Buenos Aires

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Johanna Maldovan Bonelli
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Solid Waste ◽  
The City

The changes in the paradigms regarding urban solid waste management that have occurred in the past few decades have led to a reformulation of Argentine social, labor, and environmental policies. In the case of the city of Buenos Aires, the presence of thousands of “informal” recyclers dedicated to the recovery of recyclable materials for their subsistence has given a particular imprint to the design of these policies, the focus of which has been the social inclusion of these workers through the creation of cooperatives. An examination of the assumptions underlying the use of the concept of informality in the development of cooperatives for recycling from 2007 to 2013 shows that they are part of a complex process in which measures for increasing rights and protections are associated with various forms of labor instability. En las últimas décadas, los cambios en los paradigmas de manejo de residuos sólidos urbanos han dado lugar a una reformulación de las políticas sociales, laborales y ambientales argentinas. En el caso de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, la presencia de miles de recicladores “informales” dedicados a recuperar materiales reciclables para su subsistencia le ha dado un cariz particular al diseño de dichas políticas, las cuales buscan la inclusión social de estos trabajadores a través de la creación de cooperativas. Un análisis de los supuestos que subyacen el uso del concepto de informalidad en el desarrollo de las cooperativas para reciclaje de 2007 a 2013 muestra que son parte de un complejo proceso en el que las medidas para aumentar los derechos y grado de protección de los trabajadores se asocian a diversas formas de inestabilidad laboral.

scholarly journals LVIV ACCOUNT BOOK AS A SOURSE FOR THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF THE TOWN IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 15TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Piankova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Quantity ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article is devoted to one of the elder town’s income-expenditure book which is considered as a source for the social stratification of the city of Lviv from 1404 to 1414. The main problems which are stated from the analysis of the book’s registries (registrum) connected to the citizen’s status and their occupation. It is also revealed the peculiarities of the connections between the city authorities and inhabitants. The account registries of the book exposed the average quantity of the dwellers who were obliged to pay a different kind of taxes, especially a szos which was levied from the citizens who had the property. Additionally, it showed that the registrum of the book could also be interpreted not only as an economic constituent of Lviv in the 15th century but also as a source for the depiction of the various spheres of citizen lives. For instance, the taxes registers provided a broad range of communities which were engaged in merchantry, craftsmanship, renovation work, and light manufacturing. We could find in the sources their titles, names, and sort of occupation. Notably, most of the citizens who were involved in a different kind of work received from the town’s government encouragement in the form of monetary payments and another benefit. The texts of the registries at the book have also shown capitulary of the middle ages Lviv streets. According to this, my presumption was stated to account how many dwellers had lived at the one the street and even if they did how it is calculated due to the average amount of Lviv’s citizens. Forasmuch as the Polish historian Stanislaw Kutrzeba idea was stated that at the beginning of the 15th century it was at least 2481 citizens of Lviv. Key words: Lviv, accounts book, szos taxes, citizens, properties.

‘To make a garden of the town’: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy of the Hampstead Garden Suburb

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This chapter explores the architectural and social origins of the Hampstead Garden Suburb. Initiated by Henrietta Barnett, Hampstead Garden Suburb was radical departure from nineteenth-century town planning in its emphasis on a variety of housing types, integrated green spaces, and various community and social services. Yet its design was not only a clear response to the social problems presented by the nineteenth-century city, but also a synthesis of several models of new domestic architecture that existed in the city itself including model dwellings, women’s residences, and settlement housing. This chapter engages with both visual and literary representations of the Hampstead Garden Suburb to establish its nineteenth-century legacy.

The Peripheral U-Turn

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-183
Author(s):  
David Leheny
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Northeastern Coast

From 2004-2009, members of the University of Tokyo’s Institute of Social Science undertook a five-year study entitled Kibōgaku (Hope-ology, translated formally as The Social Sciences of Hope). Looking to rebuild hope in Japan after the pop of the economic Bubble, the scholars crafted a survey of Kamaishi, a declining steel town on Japan’s northeastern coast, showing how networks in and out of the city were central to its limited but measurable successes in inspiring local hope for a better future. In the aftermath of the 2011 tsunami that devastated the town, killing a thousand residents, the scholars confronted questions of what hope means and what the connections between rural and urban Japan might mean.

scholarly journals Permanent and Temporary Aspects of Urban Tourism (Case Study: George Town, Malaysia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Gandhes Kusuma Gumelar ◽  
Rully
Keyword(s):  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Right ◽  
George Town ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

As a world tourism phenomenon, cities are seen as a complex process associated with different cultures, lifestyles and a set of demands for vacations and travel. Urban tourism has unique characteristics, different from tourism in general, whose tourist attraction is intended only for those who travel. Urban tourists use urban facilities which are also used by city residents as a tourist attraction. George Town, which is located on the island of Penang, Malaysia, offers urban tourism in the form of architecture and culture of the city itself as the main attraction that is unchanged because George Town is one of UNESCO World Heritage cities that is protected by law. Urban Tourism in George Town seen from its temporary aspect is supported by various tourism events and also supporting facilities that become special interest tourism. These events, festivals and those facilities aim to enliven the town and increase the town's tourism value. Meanwhile seen from its permanent aspect, it is the city itself where the buildings are historical relics that are protected by law. So that the building will not change and its authenticity and historical value will be maintained. Iit can be seen that the permanent and temporary aspects in George Town are a dualism that is inseparable or whether the right or wrong is determined. Like any currency, they have both positive and negative sides, good and bad, depending on the case and the potential of George Town itself

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