Could the aging workforce reduce the agency penalty for female leaders? Re-examining the think manager–think male stereotype

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Cara-Lynn Scheuer ◽  
Catherine Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
Gendered Leadership

AbstractOlder workers make up a substantial portion of today’s labor force. Yet little is known about the beliefs held by this age group. Our study offers some much needed insights into intersectionality around this group, by investigating how older workers’ perceptions of supervisors performing a gendered leadership behavior are impacted by a supervisors’ sex, age, and gendered attributes. The results show that these supervisors are perceived most favorably when they possess communal qualities and/or when they are depicted as being older than their direct reports. Our results also reveal that, when these supervisors are not perceived as communal, male but not female supervisors, experience a backlash. Within this context, young female leaders appear to be at an advantage when compared with young male leaders. This study advances the literature on the ‘think manager–think male’ stereotype and has the practical benefit of offering insights into leader-follower interactions in today’s aging workplace.

scholarly journals The impact of transformational leadership and interactional justice on follower performance and organizational commitment in a business context

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Geir Thompson ◽  
Robert Buch ◽  
Per-Magnus Moe Thompson ◽  
Lars Glasø
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
The Impact

The relationships between transformational leaders and several follower outcomes have been well investigated, but the mechanism through which these leadership behaviors relate to such outcomes is relatively unexplored. By investigating the mediating role of interactional justice, using structural equation modeling analyses, and data collected from supervisors and direct reports at various organizational levels, the present study provides insight into the psychological processes underlying transformational leadership and its effectiveness on follower outcomes. In line with social exchange theory, the main takeaway from the present study is suggesting that leaders, who display transformational leadership behavior in a manner perceived by followers as respectful, fair, and consistent with moral and ethical standards, may expect greater follower organizational attachment as an appropriate response to interactional justice.

scholarly journals Being Materialistic Makes You Happy or Not: A Probe

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Oxford Happiness Questionnaire

Does money bring happiness? This study was undertaken to understand and analyze the relationship between materialism and happiness. The sample consists of on young male and female students in the age group of 18-21years belonging to service class family and living in the tri-city of Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali. For the purpose of study respondents were selected randomly who were administered the structured questionnaire to measure happiness and materialism using Oxford Happiness questionnaire, Richards and Dawson Materialism Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and t-ratios was applied to the data. Results revealed non- significant relationship between materialism and happiness. Gender difference was also studied.

scholarly journals Young female doctors report achieving fewer surgical skills than young male doctors

BMJ ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 313 (7062) ◽  
pp. 944-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Falck ◽  
G. Brattebo
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Surgical Skills

scholarly journals Rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull in a young male patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Vaishali Upadhyaya ◽  
Rajat Agarwal ◽  
Ratni B. Gujral
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rare Entity

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone without signs of multiple myeloma is a rare entity. It usually presents as an osteolytic lesion in the axial skeleton of an elderly patient. Here, we report a case of solitary plasmacytoma in the skull of a young male patient which emphasises the need to consider it in the differential diagnosis of a destructive calvarial mass lesion even in this age group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Dismas Habumugisha ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Oscar Madzingira ◽  
Alaster Samkange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mcmaster Method

This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

Modelling of Pedestrian Speed-Density and Volume-Density Relationships in Outdoor Walkways

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Nordiana Mashros
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
City District ◽  
The City

The aim of this study was to model pedestrian flow parameters needed in the design of pedestrian facilities. The study also characterized the flow with a view to understanding pedestrian interaction problems especially with regards to their congestion. Twenty-five locations across Kano metropolis were selected for study, thirteen locations from the city district while twelve sites were chosen from the Waje district. All the sites were high flow pedestrian locations that met the study objectives. The data was categorized into four; young male, adult male, young female and adult female. The results indicated that adult women walked faster than their male counterparts in the City district while young males were faster than the female. The adult female recorded an average speed of 73.90 m/min against the speed of 71.30 m/min for the adult male. The average characteristics of the pedestrian in the city district are speed 67.30 m/min; density 11.23 Ped/m2 and volume 33.60 Ped/m/min. In the Waje district, however, the male pedestrian whether adult or young walked faster than their corresponding female counterparts with speed of 71.45 m/min for the adult male and 59.90 m/min for the adult female. The young male was faster than the young female by 17.9%. The average pedestrian flow parameters for the Waje district indicated a combine speed of 60.21 m/min; density of 8.72 Ped/m2 and volume of 30.92 Ped/m/min. The pedestrians in the city district had a higher flow rate, higher density and higher speed than those of the Waje district. This means the city district is a little more concentrated than the Waje district in terms of pedestrian flow. The aggregate average flow parameters of pedestrians in the metropolitan area gave the following parameters: speed 68.92 m/min; density 10.03 Ped/m2 and volume 32.33 Ped/m/min. The predictive models for Kano showed a free flow speed of 59.55 m/min and a maximum flow rate of 73.0 Ped/m/min. Comparing the Kano pedestrian model with other countries it was found that the Kano pedestrian walked slower than pedestrians from Singapore and the United States

Faultlines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Murnighan* ◽  
Dora Lau
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
International Joint Ventures ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Communication Challenges

Group faultlines are hypothetical dividing lines that may split a group into subgroups based on one or more attributes. An example of a strong faultline is a group of two young female Asians and two senior male Caucasians. Members’ alignment of age, sex, and ethnicity facilitates the formation of two homogeneous subgroups. On the other hand, when a group consists of a young female Asian, a young male Caucasian, a senior female Caucasian, and a senior male Asian, the group faultline is considered weak because subgroups, regardless of how they are formed, are diverse. As a relatively new form of group compositional pattern, the group faultline is associated with subgroup formation, and these subgroups, rather than the whole group, can easily become the focus of attention. When members strive to obtain more resources and protect their subgroups, between-subgroup conflict, behavioral disintegration, lack of trust, lack of willingness to share information, and communication challenges are likely. As a result, group performance is often negatively affected, and sometimes groups may even be dissolved. These results were repeatedly found in studies of experimental groups, ad-hoc project groups, organizational teams, top management teams, global virtual teams, family businesses, international joint ventures, and strategic alliances.

Aging Workforce Issues from a Multilevel Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lale M. Yaldiz ◽  
Franco Fraccaroli ◽  
Donald M. Truxillo
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Aging Workforce ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Diversity Issues

The proportion of older people in the industrialized workforce is increasing owing to the aging of the baby-boom generation, improved health in industrialized countries, changing retirement laws, need for additional income by older workers, and entry of fewer younger people into the workforce in some countries. This “graying” trend of the workforce raises a number of issues such as the needs, motivation, job attitudes, and behaviors of older workers; how to manage age diversity issues at work; late career issues; and preparing the worker and the organization for retirement. Specifically, older worker issues as a research topic includes work-relevant changes taking place within individuals as they age (e.g., physical, cognitive, and personality changes); how older workers are affected by their physical and social environments; the sources of age stereotyping and discrimination and how to combat them; and how these factors affect outcomes such as older workers’ well-being, health, attitudes, motivation, performance, and desire to continue working.

scholarly journals Sex- and age-specific effects of energy intake and physical activity on sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Cho ◽  
Youn-Hee Lim ◽  
Jae Moon Yun ◽  
Hyung-Jin Yoon ◽  
Minseon Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Sarcopenia is a common health issue that is not limited to only elderly patients. However, many studies have reported factors to prevent sarcopenia only in susceptible groups. This study evaluates the relationship of the total energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio (EI/BMR) and physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia. A second aim was to analyze the interaction between EI/BMR and PA by sex and age. We analyzed 16,313 subjects aged ≥ 19 years who had dual‒energy X-ray absorptiometry data. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular lean mass/weight (%) that was 1 standard deviation below the sex-specific mean value for a young reference group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the interaction between EI/BMR and PA. In this study, as EI/BMR increased, the risk of sarcopenia decreased, particularly in the older groups. Both high PA and high EI/BMR were independently related to the reduced risk of sarcopenia and showed additive effects on reducing the risk in young male and older groups. However, high PA was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the young female group with low energy intake. Our findings suggest that an adequate balance between energy intake and PA is related to a low risk of sarcopenia, especially in young females.

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