scholarly journals Dimensional research on organization structure: meta-analysis and conceptual redirection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
John A. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Structural Research ◽  
Structure Research

Abstract A previous meta-analysis of dimensional structure research published during the latter half of the 20th century revealed significant intercorrelation among structural dimensions inspired by Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type, providing support for continued research on dimensional structures and for the bureaucratic structural model that served as its theoretical foundation. A new meta-analysis reported in this article, motivated by questions regarding the continued applicability of bureaucratic dimensional models in the later era of new organization forms, indicates that many of the interrelationships among five structural dimensions (formalization, standardization, specialization, vertical differentiation, and decentralization) have weakened since the time of the earlier meta-analysis. The results of this study, conducted using a sample of 346 correlations from a collection of 155 published articles, are interpreted as failing to provide consistent evidence supporting a central tenet of the bureaucratic structural model, therefore, as indicating that dimensional structural research now lacks a viable theoretical foundation.

The Integrative Establishment of a Three-Dimensional Structure Model of Changling Gas Field in Changling Fault Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3779-3782
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Yu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiao Song Li ◽  
Guo Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Modeling Technique ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
3D Geological Modeling ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Reservoir Description

The three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling technique which is considered as an important skill of fine reservoir description has been gaining more and more attention. On one hand, it can efficiently promote the transformation of reservoir description from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D, and from qualification to quantification as well. The 3D reservoir geological model can be used as basic geological knowledge in terms of adjusting well patterns and indicating remaining oil distribution, through reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics and the variation of the reservoir physical property. On the other hand, the 3D modeling technique specializes in the representation of local micro features in comparison of regular ways. This article aims at subtly describing the structural modeling of Changling gas field of Changling fault depression. The result of this case study shows that the establishment of structural model is consistent with the understanding of fault development which was proved during the process of producing gas, thus the structural model has high reliability. Therefore, the structural model is of great guiding significance for the design of new well and the well patter optimization.

scholarly journals Construction and validation of a homology model of the human voltage-gated proton channel hHV1

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kethika Kulleperuma ◽  
Susan M.E. Smith ◽  
Deri Morgan ◽  
Boris Musset ◽  
John Holyoake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Proton Translocation ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Homology Model ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Proton Channel ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Internal Solution ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Homology Models

The topological similarity of voltage-gated proton channels (HV1s) to the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of other voltage-gated ion channels raises the central question of whether HV1s have a similar structure. We present the construction and validation of a homology model of the human HV1 (hHV1). Multiple structural alignment was used to construct structural models of the open (proton-conducting) state of hHV1 by exploiting the homology of hHV1 with VSDs of K+ and Na+ channels of known three-dimensional structure. The comparative assessment of structural stability of the homology models and their VSD templates was performed using massively repeated molecular dynamics simulations in which the proteins were allowed to relax from their initial conformation in an explicit membrane mimetic. The analysis of structural deviations from the initial conformation based on up to 125 repeats of 100-ns simulations for each system reveals structural features consistently retained in the homology models and leads to a consensus structural model for hHV1 in which well-defined external and internal salt-bridge networks stabilize the open state. The structural and electrostatic properties of this open-state model are compatible with proton translocation and offer an explanation for the reversal of charge selectivity in neutral mutants of Asp112. Furthermore, these structural properties are consistent with experimental accessibility data, providing a valuable basis for further structural and functional studies of hHV1. Each Arg residue in the S4 helix of hHV1 was replaced by His to test accessibility using Zn2+ as a probe. The two outermost Arg residues in S4 were accessible to external solution, whereas the innermost one was accessible only to the internal solution. Both modeling and experimental data indicate that in the open state, Arg211, the third Arg residue in the S4 helix in hHV1, remains accessible to the internal solution and is located near the charge transfer center, Phe150.

Three-dimensional structure of β-momorcharin at 2.55 Å resolution

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ren Yuan ◽  
Yong-Ning He ◽  
Jian-Ping Xiong ◽  
Zong-Xiang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Molecular Replacement ◽  
Ribosome Inactivating Protein ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Replacement Method ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Molecular Replacement Method

β-Momorcharin (Mr ≃ 29 kDa) is a single-chained ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with a branched hexasaccharide bound to Asn51. The crystal structure of β-momorcharin has been determined using the molecular-replacement method and refined to 2.55 Å resolution. The final structural model gave an R factor of 17.2% and root-mean-square deviations of 0.016 Å and 1.76° from ideal bond lengths and bond angles, respectively. β-Momorcharin contains nine α-helices, two 310 helices and three β-sheets, and its overall structure is similar to those of other single-chained RIPs. Residues Tyr70, Tyr109, Glu158 and Arg161 are expected to define the active site of β-momorcharin as an rRNA N-glycosidase. The oligosaccharide is linked to the protein through an N-glycosidic bond, β-GlcNAc–(1-N)-Asn51, and stretches from the surface of the N-terminal domain far from the active site, which suggests that it should not play a role in enzymatic function. The oligosaccharide of each β-momorcharin molecule interacts with the protein through hydrogen bonds, although in the crystals most of these are intermolecular interactions with the protein atoms in an adjacent unit cell. This is the first example of an RIP structure which provides information about the three-dimensional structure and binding site of the oligosaccharide in the active chains of RIPs.

Attachment Stability From Infancy to Adulthood: Meta-Analysis and Dynamic Modeling of Developmental Mechanisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chris Fraley
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attachment Behavior ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Attachment Pattern ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

A central tenet of attachment theory is that a person's attachment pattern in adulthood is a reflection of his or her attachment history—-beginning with the person's earliest attachment relationships. However, the precise way in which early representations might shape adult attachment patterns is ambiguous, and different perspectives on this issue have evolved in the literature. According to the prototype perspective, representations of early experiences are retained over time and continue to play an influential role in attachment behavior throughout the life course. In contrast, the revisionist perspective holds that early representations are subject to modification on the basis of new experiences and therefore may or may not reflect patterns of attachment later in life. In this article, I explore and test mathematical models of each of these theoretical processes on the basis of longitudinal data obtained from meta-analysis. Results indicate that attachment security is moderately stable across the first 19 years of life and that patterns of stability are best accounted for by prototype dynamics.

Preschool Children's Interpretation of Facial Expressions of Emotion

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry Bullock ◽  
James A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Wide Awake

A structural model of emotions was used to reveal patterns in how children interpret the emotional facial expressions of others. Three-, four-, five-year-olds, and adults (n = 38 in each group) were asked to match 15 emotion-descriptive words (happy, excited, surprised, afraid, scared, angry, mad, disgusted, miserable, sad, sleepy, calm, relaxed, wide awake, and, as a check on response bias, insipid) with still photographs of actors showing different facial expressions. Whereas prior research had indicated that preschool-aged children are "inaccurate" in associating labels with faces, our results indicated that that research may have severely underestimated children's knowledge of emotions. In this study children used terms systematically to refer to a specifiable range of expressions, centered around a focal point. Multidimensional scaling of the word/facial expression associations yielded a two-dimensional structure able to account for the interrelationships among emotions, and this structure was the same for all age groups. The nature of this structure, the blurry boundaries between emotion words, and developmental shifts in the referents of emotion words suggested the primacy of two dimensions, pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleep, in children's interpretation of emotion.

scholarly journals Structural Model for 12-Helix Transporters Belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 1712-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhisa Hirai ◽  
Jürgen A. W. Heymann ◽  
Peter C. Maloney ◽  
Sriram Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Related Proteins

ABSTRACT The major facilitator superfamily includes a large collection of evolutionarily related proteins that have been implicated in the transport of a variety of solutes and metabolites across the membranes of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. We have recently reported the three-dimensional structure, at 6.5 Å resolution, of the oxalate transporter, OxlT, a representative member of this superfamily. In the oxalate-bound state, 12 helices surround a central cavity to form a remarkably symmetrical structure that displays a well-defined pseudo twofold axis perpendicular to the plane of the membrane as well as two less pronounced, mutually perpendicular pseudo twofold axes in the plane of the membrane. Here, we combined this structural information with sequence information from other members of this protein family to arrive at models for the arrangement of helices in this superfamily of transport proteins. Our analysis narrows down the number of helix arrangements from about a billion starting possibilities to a single probable model for the relative spatial arrangement for the 12 helices, consistent both with our structural findings and with the majority of previous biochemical studies on members of this superfamily.

Type I interferon structures: Possible scaffolds for the interferon-alpha receptor complex

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tattanahalli L Nagabhushan ◽  
Paul Reichert ◽  
Mark R Walter ◽  
Nicholas J Murgolo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Receptor Complexes

The structures of several type I interferons (IFNs) are known. We review the structural information known for IFN alphas and compare them to other interferons and cytokines. We also review the structural information known or proposed for IFN–cell receptor complexes. However, the structure of the IFN – cell receptor – IFN receptor2 (IFNAR2) and IFN receptor1 (IFNAR1) complex has not yet been determined. This paper describes a structural model of human IFN-IFNAR2/IFNAR1 complex using human IFN-α2b dimer as the ligand. Both the structures of recombinant human IFN-α2b and IFN-β were determined by X-ray crystallography as zinc-mediated dimers. Our proposed model was generated using human IFN-α2b dimer docked with IFNAR2/IFNAR1. We compare our model with the receptor complex models proposed for IFN-β and IFN-γ to contrast similarities and differences. The mutual binding sites of human IFN-α2b and IFNAR2/IFNAR1 complex are consistent with available mutagenesis studies.Key words: three dimensional structure, antiviral activity, receptor, interferon.

scholarly journals Modeling treatment effect modification in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in an individual patientdata meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 096228022110463
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Mireille E Schnitzer ◽  
Guanbo Wang ◽  
Edward Kennedy ◽  
Piret Viiklepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Marginal Structural Model ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The Individual

Effect modification occurs while the effect of the treatment is not homogeneous across the different strata of patient characteristics. When the effect of treatment may vary from individual to individual, precision medicine can be improved by identifying patient covariates to estimate the size and direction of the effect at the individual level. However, this task is statistically challenging and typically requires large amounts of data. Investigators may be interested in using the individual patient data from multiple studies to estimate these treatment effect models. Our data arise from a systematic review of observational studies contrasting different treatments for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, where multiple antimicrobial agents are taken concurrently to cure the infection. We propose a marginal structural model for effect modification by different patient characteristics and co-medications in a meta-analysis of observational individual patient data. We develop, evaluate, and apply a targeted maximum likelihood estimator for the doubly robust estimation of the parameters of the proposed marginal structural model in this context. In particular, we allow for differential availability of treatments across studies, measured confounding within and across studies, and random effects by study.

scholarly journals Memories of the Gate: On the Rhetoric in The Pilgrim’s Progress and Its Chinese Versions

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Chu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The Pilgrim’s Progress was one of the most popular translated novels in China from the late 19th until the 20th century. In this paper, I argue that one of the main reasons for the book’s success in China lies in an intricate rhetoric of the original version, which focuses on the memories of the Gate, and in the skillful transformation of this rhetoric into the Chinese versions. By analyzing this rhetoric and its transformation, this paper shows how The Pilgrim’s Progress marked the cultural memories of the Gate in China’s modern period and provides a theoretical foundation on which studies on contemporary Chinese translations of this book can build.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document