scholarly journals Memories of the Gate: On the Rhetoric in The Pilgrim’s Progress and Its Chinese Versions

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Chu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The Pilgrim’s Progress was one of the most popular translated novels in China from the late 19th until the 20th century. In this paper, I argue that one of the main reasons for the book’s success in China lies in an intricate rhetoric of the original version, which focuses on the memories of the Gate, and in the skillful transformation of this rhetoric into the Chinese versions. By analyzing this rhetoric and its transformation, this paper shows how The Pilgrim’s Progress marked the cultural memories of the Gate in China’s modern period and provides a theoretical foundation on which studies on contemporary Chinese translations of this book can build.

La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Papal Court

AbstractThe article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.

REVIEW: Mihaela Mancaș, Metafora afectivității în poezia românească

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Valerica Sporiș
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Language And Literature

The book Metaphor of Affect in Romanian Poetry authored by Mihaela MANCAȘ was published in 2020 with Bucharest University Press – the second book in which the author has tackled the topic of affect in Romanian poetry. It comprises a corpus of affect transposed to metaphor which makes reference to Romanian poetry belonging to different periods, ranging from the pre-modern period, the classical one and the first half of the 20th century. Her research proves the long-lasting connection between language and literature, fields which are successfully brought together by literary stylistics.

scholarly journals The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Dinardi ◽  
Alexei Y. Egorov ◽  
Attila Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Interactional Model ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Related Stress

Abstract Background and aims Cited in over 100 articles, the interactional model of exercise addiction (Egorov & Szabo, 2013) forms the theoretical foundation of many studies on the risk of exercise addiction. Still, the inclusion of previously omitted determinants could make it more useful. Therefore, this review presents the expanded version of the original model. Method We added ‘self-concept’ as another determinant in the ‘personal factors’ domain and ‘attractive alternatives’ to the ‘situational factors’ domain. Further, we doubled the reasons for exercise in the ‘incentives for exercise domain.’ Last, we added a new domain, the ‘exercise-related stressors,’ to illustrate that exercise itself might be a source of stress. Results The expanded model is more inclusive and accounts for a greater combination of interactions playing roles in exercise addiction. Overlooking the eventuality that stress resulting from exercise might also fuel the dysfunction was a significant omission from the original model, rectified in the current update. Finally, the new expansions make the model more applicable to competitive situations too Conclusion The expanded interactional model of exercise addiction is more comprehensive than its original version. It also accounts for the exercise or sport-related stress as possible fuel in addictive exercise behavior.

Mao in Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 659-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Gray
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Editor's preface. It is unusual for The China Quarterly to publish anything in unfinished form, but the provenance of this piece by Jack Gray is equally unusual. In the second half of the 20th century, Jack was one of the UK's more important figures in contemporary Chinese studies, perhaps most noted for the text he produced in retirement, Rebellions and Revolutions: China from the 1800s to 2000. What follows here is an extracted version of a set of ideas he set down in 2003–04 for a manuscript on Mao Zedong, still in note form at the time of his passing in late 2004. It forms the core of a mini-symposium on reconsidering Mao on the 30-year anniversary of his death in September 1976. Mark Selden, Chris Bramall and Rebecca Karl offer responses to Jack Gray's views, and to the question of Mao's legacy in general.

'Fearless, bloodless … like the gods': Sappho 31 and the rhetoric of ‘godlike’

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Furley
Keyword(s):  
Original Version ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Sufficient Distance

Poem 31 in our collections of Sappho's fragments is so well-known both through the original version, quoted partially by ‘Longinus’ (De sublimitate10.1–3), and through Catullus’ adaptation (no. 51), that it is difficult to achieve sufficient distance from one's preconceptions to permit reappraisal. For the poem has in the modern period elicited such startlingly contradictory responses that one wonders whether we may not all along have been missing, or misconstruing, some point which was obvious enough to Sappho and her listeners.A major source of dissent among modern interpreters of the poem concerns the question of jealousy: is Sappho moved to such convulsions of emotion by jealousy at seeing her beloved girlfriend in intimate colloquy with a man, or is she not? For the situation is, simply put, the following: a man is said to be godlike who sits opposite a certain girl, enjoying her conversation and her laughter. This, says Sappho, makes her boil over with a mixture of passionate emotions. Now one may take these emotions either as a response to the sight of her beloved girlfriend talking to a man (that is, jealousy), or one may refer the emotions described to the love Sappho feels for the girl under ‘normal’ circumstances: the man is simply extraordinarily fortunate (‘like the gods’) in enjoying her affection.

scholarly journals Dimensional research on organization structure: meta-analysis and conceptual redirection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
John A. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Structural Research ◽  
Structure Research

Abstract A previous meta-analysis of dimensional structure research published during the latter half of the 20th century revealed significant intercorrelation among structural dimensions inspired by Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type, providing support for continued research on dimensional structures and for the bureaucratic structural model that served as its theoretical foundation. A new meta-analysis reported in this article, motivated by questions regarding the continued applicability of bureaucratic dimensional models in the later era of new organization forms, indicates that many of the interrelationships among five structural dimensions (formalization, standardization, specialization, vertical differentiation, and decentralization) have weakened since the time of the earlier meta-analysis. The results of this study, conducted using a sample of 346 correlations from a collection of 155 published articles, are interpreted as failing to provide consistent evidence supporting a central tenet of the bureaucratic structural model, therefore, as indicating that dimensional structural research now lacks a viable theoretical foundation.

scholarly journals An Asymmetric Axe from the Collections of the Tobolsk Museum-Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Igor V. Balyunov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Functional Purpose

Purpose. Among its collections, the Tobolsk Museum-reserve keep an axe, which was an accidental find. The purpose of this publication is to introduce the presented sample into scientific circulation, as well as to complete the description of the find, establish its functional purpose, chronology and determine its place of production. Upon admission to the museum, it was identified as a combat weapon and tentatively dated to the 17th century. Results. The axe has a wide blade which extends downwards, covered with a notched ornament. An important feature is its asymmetric cross-section, where one of the sides is flat and the other is convex. Similar axes found in Siberia are often defined as battle axes, however this definition is incorrect. Currently, no Tobolsk axe prototypes are known to have been found on the territory of the Moscow state, however asymmetric axes are known to have been used, in particular, in Eastern Europe, since at least the 15th century. According to some authors, asymmetric axes are specialized tools for carpentry and joinery. This definition is most reliably justified in the publication of Polish researcher M. Glosek. This point of view is convincingly confirmed by the catalogues of Eastern European metalworking plants of the first half of the 20th century. The definition of long-bladed asymmetric axes as a combat weapon is based, as a rule, on random finds with unknown dating. More proof can be found by their absence in the materials of archaeological excavations. Conclusion. It can be assumed that asymmetric axes were imported to Russia between the Modern Period up to ethnographic modernity. One of the most likely producers is the Transcarpathian plant in the village of Kobyletskaya Polyana, which specialized in the manufacture of tools for the forest industry and had a fairly wide market. The widest possible period when Transcarpathian axes could be imported into Russia is no earlier than the end of the 18th century, and not later than the middle of the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Swedish Language of Formal Communication in the Modern and Contemporary Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
I.V. Matytsina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Formal Communication ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Modern Era

Processes typical of the Swedish business language during the modern era were described. The study is of high importance, because this functional style of the Swedish language has been insufficiently investigated despite the regulation and normalization processes in it are of obvious interest to specialists in the Germanic languages. The main research method is synchronic analysis enabling examination and description the material in terms of the existing norms. A wide range of examples were provided to illustrate that in the modern era the language of law gradually gets closer to the language of notifications, rules, orders, regulations, etc., i.e., to documents that are usually implied when talking about officialese (the official and business style). It was concluded that the modern period was marked by not only the distinction between these two stylistic types of text, but also by the fact that they both acquired features common to Swedish non-fiction texts (sakprosan). In the 19th century, these processes were not very evident and, despite some minor innovations, the Swedish business language still contained a number of archaic features revealed in the so-called “substantival sickness” (substantivsjukan). A fundamental change took place in the 20th century and is associated with the spelling reform of 1906, as well as significant changes in such elements of the Swedish business language as syntax, morphology, and vocabulary that emerged mostly in the second half of the 20th century. The results obtained are of great importance for studying the Swedish stylistics, as well as for understanding the essence and roles of language policy in the process of normalizing and codifying the literary language.

scholarly journals The specifics of formation of the late modern architectural style in Odessa

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Olga Polonskaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Style ◽  
Late Modern

The paper set out to analyze the architecture of three Revenue Houses built in Odessa in the early 20th century, in the Late Modern period by L.M. Chernigov, the architect, on request of A.P. Russov. The analysis’ results show the process of forming of the late Modern style based on the single rational planning by means of an eclectic façade designing technique, decorating the buildings in the early decorative Modern style up till the late Rational Modern, when the rational planning type corresponded to the rational façade design.

scholarly journals Theoretical Generalizations in Epidemiology: from History to the Present

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article presents an analysis of theoretical generalizations in epidemiologists at all stages of its development and development. It is shown that the components that make up the content of the subject of epidemiology have evolved in the understanding of their essence, in particular, causality, the mechanism of development and epidemiological manifestations. Representations and terminology about the content and essence of the subject have changed: from the epidemic, to the epidemic process, and, finally, to the population level of organization of pathology and human health (morbidity and public health). The greatest scientific discussions and intellectual struggle of opinions passed through the whole history of science. The concepts that prevailed in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, in the 20th century and theoretical generalizations in epidemiology of the modern period are presented. Problems were revealed and directions for further research in the field of theory and practice of epidemiology were suggested.

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