scholarly journals Seasonal variation in vitamin D status, bone health and athletic performance in competitive university student athletes: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia L. Wilson-Barnes ◽  
Julie E. A. Hunt ◽  
Emma L. Williams ◽  
Sarah J. Allison ◽  
James J. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Parametric Testing ◽  
University Athletes

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly reported in elite athletes, but the vitamin D status of UK university athletes in different training environments remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine any seasonal changes in vitamin D status among indoor and outdoor athletes, and whether there was any relationship between vitamin D status and indices of physical performance and bone health. A group of forty-seven university athletes (indoor n 22, outdoor n 25) were tested during autumn and spring for serum vitamin D status, bone health and physical performance parameters. Blood samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) status. Peak isometric knee extensor torque using an isokinetic dynamometer and jump height was assessed using an Optojump. Aerobic capacity was estimated using the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans measured radial bone mineral density. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate parametric/non-parametric testing depending on the normality of the data. s-25(OH)D significantly fell between autumn (52·8 (sd 22·0) nmol/l) and spring (31·0 (sd 16·5) nmol/l; P < 0·001). In spring, 34 % of participants were considered to be vitamin D deficient (<25 nmol/l) according to the revised 2016 UK guidelines. These data suggest that UK university athletes are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, further research is warranted to investigate the concomitant effects of low vitamin D status on health and performance outcomes in university athletes residing at northern latitudes.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and bone health outcomes in older age

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Hill ◽  
Terence J. Aspray ◽  
Roger M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density

The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence linking vitamin D to bone health outcomes in older adults. A plethora of scientific evidence globally suggests that large proportions of people have vitamin D deficiency and are not meeting recommended intakes. Older adults are at particular risk of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency owing to a combination of physiological and behavioural factors. Epidemiological studies show that low vitamin D status is associated with a variety of negative skeletal consequences in older adults including osteomalacia, reduced bone mineral density, impaired Ca absorption and secondary hyperparathyroidism. There seems to be inconsistent evidence for a protective role of vitamin D supplementation alone on bone mass. However, it is generally accepted that vitamin D (17·5 μg/d) in combination with Ca (1200 mg/d) reduces bone loss among older white subjects. Evidence for a benefit of vitamin D supplementation alone on reducing fracture risk is varied. According to a recent Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality review in the USA the evidence base shows mixed results for a beneficial effect of vitamin D on decreasing overall fracture risk. Limitations such as poor compliance with treatment, incomplete assessment of vitamin D status and large drop-out rates however, have been highlighted within some studies. In conclusion, it is generally accepted that vitamin D in combination with Ca reduces the risk of non-vertebral fractures particularly those in institutional care. The lack of data on vitamin D and bone health outcomes in certain population groups such as diverse racial groups warrants attention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism during winter in pre-menopausal Bangladeshi and Somali immigrant and ethnic Finnish women: associations with forearm bone mineral density

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zahirul Islam ◽  
Heli T. Viljakainen ◽  
Merja U. M. Kärkkäinen ◽  
Elisa Saarnio ◽  
Kalevi Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Forearm Fracture ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Somali Women

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the outcomes of vitamin D deficiency that negatively affects bone metabolism. We studied the ethnic differences in vitamin D status in Finland and its effect on serum intact parathyroid hormone (S-iPTH) concentration and bone traits. The study was done in the Helsinki area (60°N) during January–February 2008. A total of 143 healthy women (20–48 years of age) from two groups of immigrant women (Bangladeshi, n 34 and Somali, n 48), and a group of ethnic Finnish women (n 61) were studied in a cross-sectional setting. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) and S-iPTH were measured. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements were taken at 4 and 66 % of the forearm length. In all groups, the distribution of S-25OHD was shifted towards the lower limit of the normal range. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (S-25OHD < 50 nmol/l) was observed (89·6 %) in the Somali group. The prevalence of SHPT (S-iPTH>65 ng/l) was higher (79·1 %) in Somali women than in Finnish women (16 %). There was a significant association between S-25OHD and S-iPTH (r − 0·49, P < 0·001). Ethnicity and S-25OHD together explained 30 % of the variation in S-iPTH. The total bone mass at all sites of the forearm, fracture load and stress–strain index was higher (P < 0·001) in Bangladeshi and Finnish women than in Somali women. The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, SHPT and low bone status in Somali women indicates a higher risk of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status in Patients Operated for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Comparison of Patients from Southern and Northern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nordenström ◽  
Antonio Sitges-Serra ◽  
Joan J. Sancho ◽  
Mark Thier ◽  
Martin Almquist
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
One Year

Aim. The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with PHPT from Spain and Sweden differed in vitamin D status and PHPT disease activity before and after surgery.Methods. We compared two cohorts of postmenopausal women from Spain(n=126)and Sweden(n=128)that had first-time surgery for sporadic, uniglandular PHPT. Biochemical variables reflecting bone metabolism and disease activity, including levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3(25(OH)D) and bone mineral density, BMD, were measured pre- and one year postoperatively.Results. Median preoperative 25(OH)D levels were lower, and adenoma weight, PTH, and urinary calcium levels were higher in the Spanish cohort. The Spanish patients had higher preoperative levels of PTH (13.5 versus 11.0 pmol/L,P<0.001), urinary calcium (7.3 versus 4.1 mmol/L,P<0.001), and heavier adenomas (620 versus 500 g,P<0.001). The mean increase in BMD was higher in patients from Spain and in patients with vitamin D deficiency one year after surgery.Conclusion. Postmenopasual women with PHPT from Spain had a more advanced disease and lower vitamin 25(OH)D levels. Improvement in bone density one year after surgery was higher in patients with preoperative vitamin D deficiency.

Bone loss and vitamin D deficiency post gastrectomy for gastro-esophageal malignancy.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 165-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Virik ◽  
Robert Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Surgery

165 Background: Metabolic bone disease is a known but incompletely understood consequence of gastrectomy. Post gastrectomy osteoporosis (OP) is multifactorial. Evidence suggests that patients who undergo this surgery require long term bone health assessment and nutritional support. Methods: 30 post gastrectomy patients (2000-2008) from a single centre in Australia were evaluated re bone health post surgery and post nutritional supplementation. Exploratory analysis included: age, gender, pathology, type of surgery, 25 OH-vitamin D, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral XRs, urinary calcium and N telopeptides of type I collagen. Other risk factors evaluated were: smoking, corticosteroid use, alcohol intake, hyperthyroidism, menopausal status, hyperparathyroidism (hPTH), pre-existing bone disease. Results: The median age of the cohort was 67.5 (range 53-83) of whom 22 (73%) were male. Histology showed 16 (53%) gastric adenocarcinoma, 6 (20%) esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2 (7%) GISTs, 5 (17%) gastric/duodenal lymphoma and 1 other category. Similar numbers of patients underwent total (12) and partial/distal gastrectomy (12), with 6 having a subtotal gastrectomy. 22 (73%) had a Roux-en-Y or BR II reconstruction and 8 had a BRI/other. Median time from surgery to first BMD was 54.5 months (range 12-360) with median correlative calcium level 2.24 (range 1.97-2.49), median vitamin D level 43 (range 11-82) and median PTH 6.4 (range 1.8-13.8). Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 14 (47%) of patients, osteopenia in 14 and 2 (7%) patients had a normal BMD. Low vitamin D was seen in 23 (77%) patients, low calcium levels in 5 (17%) and secondary hPTH in 12 (41%). Post nutritional supplementation preliminary results showed 2/23 (9%) had a low vitamin D level, 3/11 (27%) had secondary hPTH, 5/19 (26%) had osteoporosis, 12/19 (63%) had osteopenia and 2/19 had a normal BMD. Analysis of other risk factors is to follow. Conclusions: Poor bone health and vitamin D deficiency is a clinically significant problem post gastrectomy. Patients should undergo long term nutritional and bone health surveillance in addition to their oncological follow up post resection.

scholarly journals Is There Pandemic Vitamin D Deficiency in the Black Population? A Review of Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria S. Roberts ◽  
Fafa Huberta Koudoro ◽  
Mark S. Elliott ◽  
Zhiyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is the biologically active form of vitamin D, measurement of the total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level is the gold standard used to define vitamin D status. Currently, it is widely accepted that serum 25 (OH) D levels below 20 ng/ml defines vitamin D deficiency. According to this definition, there appears to be pandemic vitamin D deficiency in the Black population. However, there is no evidence of higher-than-normal rates of common complications and symptomology of true vitamin D deficiency in the Black population. What is going on? We researched the MEDLINE databases to find studies, from 1967 to present, that directly compare between Blacks and Caucasians the following: serum vitamin D level, serum calcium level, serum parathyroid hormone level, bone mineral density and health, and non-skeletal risks associated with vitamin D deficiency. The available studies consistently show that Blacks tend to have serum 25(OH)D levels in the deficient range while their serum 1,25(OH)D level is similar to, if not even slightly higher than that of Caucasians, and that the serum Ca2+ level in Blacks is virtually identical to that in Caucasians. Therefore, it appears that the serum 25(OH)D level is not the best marker of vitamin D sufficiency or deficiency in Blacks. In the future, clinical evaluation of the vitamin D status in the Black population needs to consider other serum biomarkers such as 1,25(OH)2D and/or bioavailable 25(OH)D.

scholarly journals Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Physical Performance and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Dang ◽  
Cat Shore-Lorenti ◽  
Lachlan McMillan ◽  
Jakub Mesinovic ◽  
Alan Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Low vitamin D status commonly accompanies obesity, and both vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been associated with falls and fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with physical performance and bone health in community-dwelling, overweight and obese older men and women. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 84 participants with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (mean ± SD age 62.4 ± 7.9 years; 55% women). Physical function was determined by short physical performance battery, hand grip and quadriceps strength, and stair climb power tests. Body composition and bone structure were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, respectively. Mean ± SD 25(OH)D was 49.6 ± 17.7 nmol/L, and 50% of participants had low 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) levels. 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with quadricep strength and stair climb power in women (B = 0.15; 95% CI 0.02–0.27 kg and B = 1.07; 95% CI 0.12–2.03 W, respectively) but not in men. There were no associations between 25(OH)D and bone parameters in either sex after multivariable adjustment (all p > 0.05). Lower 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poorer quadricep strength and muscle power in overweight and obese older women but not men.

scholarly journals Bone Health, Body Composition, and Vitamin D Status of Black Preadolescent Children in South Africa

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243
Author(s):  
Zelda White ◽  
Samantha White ◽  
Tasneem Dalvie ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Amanda Van Zyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Optimal bone health is important in children to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Both body composition and vitamin D play an important role in bone health. This study aimed to describe bone health, body composition, and vitamin D status, and the relationship between these among a group of conveniently sampled black preadolescent South African children (n = 84) using a cross-sectional study. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (n = 59) were assessed using dried blood spots. A quarter (25%) of children presented with low bone mass density for their chronological age (BMD Z-score < −2) and 7% with low BMC-for-age (BMC Z-score < −2), while only 34% of the children had sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL). Lean mass was the greatest body compositional determinant for variances observed in bone health measures. Body composition and bone health parameters were not significantly different across vitamin D status groups (p > 0.05), except for lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) (p < 0.01). No association was found between bone parameters at all sites and levels of 25(OH)D (p > 0.05). Further research, using larger representative samples of South African children including all race groups is needed before any conclusions and subsequent recommendation among this population group can be made.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNA Expression, Vitamin D, and Hypercortisolism as Predictors of Osteoporosis in Elderly Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf ◽  
Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽  
Sami A. Gabr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Mineral Density

Background. MicroRNAs (miRNA) identified as critical molecular regulators for bone development, function, and modeling/remodeling process and could be predictable for osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal elderly women. Aim. The potential diagnostic role of circulating miRNAs, miR-148a and miR-122-5p, in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and its association with bone markers, hypercortisolism, and vitamin D deficiency were explored in postmenopausal elderly women with osteoporosis. Methods. A total of 120 elderly women aged 50–80 years old were recruited in this study, of which only 100 eligible women with amenorrhea of at least 12 consecutive months or surgical menopause participated in this study. Based upon bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, the participants were classified according into two groups: normal ( n = 45 ; T score of ≥-1.0) and osteoporosis ( n = 55 ; T score: ≤-2.5). Circulating miRNAs, miR-148a and miR-122-5p, were estimated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. In addition, bone markers, hypercortisolism, and vitamin D deficiency were colorimetrically and ELISA immune assay estimated. The potential role of miR-148a, miR-122-5p, cortisol, and vitamin D in the diagnosis of osteoporosis was predicted using the analysis of the respective area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results. The expressed level of miR-148a significantly increased and miR-122-5p significantly decreased in the serum of osteoporotic patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, a significant increase in the levels of cortisol, s-BAP, and CTx and significant decrease in the levels of T-BMD, the levels of OC, and s-Ca were also identified. All parameters significantly correlated with fracture risk parameters; BMD, and T score lumbar spine (L2-L4). Thus, the data showed AUC cut off values (miR-148a; 0.876, miR-122-5p; 0.761) were best evaluated for clinical diagnosis of patients with osteoporosis and that AUC cut off values of 0.748 for cortisol and 0.635 for vitamin D were the best cut off values, respectively, reported for the prediction of osteoporosis clinical diagnosis. Conclusion. In this study, expressed miRNAs miR-148a and miR-122-5p and changes in the levels of both cortisol and vitamin D status are significantly associated with bone loss or osteoporosis. Thus, circulation miRNAs alone or in combination with cortisol and vitamin D status might be considered predictable biomarkers in the diagnosis or the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in elderly postmenopausal women; however, more studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone mineral density in Pakistani and Norwegians living in Oslo, Norway / Vitamin D-mangel, sekundær hyperparathyroidisme og bentetthet hos pakistanere og nordmenn bosatt i Oslo

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Alvær ◽  
Kristin Holvik ◽  
Anne Johanne Søgaard ◽  
Jan A. Falch ◽  
Haakon E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Pakistani Women

<p>We studied the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and bone mineral density in Norwegian born and Pakistani born men and women living in Oslo. We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D, iPTH and ionized calcium in serum and bone mineral density (BMD) at the forearm with single energy X-ray absorptiometry. 1386 persons born in Norway and 177 persons born in Pakistan participated. Among the Pakistani born 9% of the men and 21% of women were seriously vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 12.5 nmol/l). None of the Norwegian born had such low levels of vitamin D. While 86% of the Norwegians were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D ! 50 nmol/l), only 8% of Pakistani men and 10% of Pakistani women had a sufficient vitamin D status. The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was four times higher in Pakistani women and five times higher in Pakistani men compared to their Norwegian counterparts. Unadjusted bone mineral density was not different between the two ethnic groups, but in the multivariate analysis BMD was 0.020 g/cm<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 0.007–0.033) higher in Pakistani men than in Norwegian men. We also found 5-8% higher bone mineral density in Pakistani men and women when we controlled for different skeletal size. While BMD was lower in Norwegian women with, compared to Norwegian women without, secondary hyperparathyroidsm (–0.027 g/cm<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.019), there was no difference in BMD between Pakistani women with and without secondary hyperparathyroidsm</p><p>Vi har sett på prevalens av vitamin D-mangel og bentetthet hos norskfødte og pakistanskfødte menn og kvinner i den populasjonsbaserte Helseundersøkelsen i Oslo 2000-2001. Det ble målt 25-hydroksyvitamin D, iPTH og ionisert kalsium i serum, og benmineraltetthet (BMD) ble målt i underarmen. Totalt deltok 1386 personer født i Norge og 177 personer født i Pakistan i aldersgruppen 30-75 år. Blant pakistanske menn og kvinner hadde henholdsvis 8% og 10% tilfredsstillende vitamin D-status (25(OH)D ! 50 nmol/l), mens 9% og 21% hadde alvorlig vitamin D-mangel (25(OH)D < 12,5 nmol/l). Blant personer født i Norge hadde 86% tilfredsstillende vitamin D-status og ingen hadde alvorlig vitamin D-mangel. Prevalensen av sekundær hyperparatyreoidisme var 4 ganger høyere hos pakistanske kvinner og 5 ganger høyere hos pakistanske menn enn hos norske kvinner og menn. Ujustert benmineraltetthet var ikke forskjellig hos pakistanere og nordmenn, men justert for andre risikofaktorer fant vi 0,020 g/cm<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 0,007–0,033) høyere BMD hos pakistanske menn enn hos norske menn. Tilsvarende fant vi opptil 5-8% høyere bentetthet hos pakistanere enn nordmenn når vi korrigerte for ulik skjelettstørrelse i de to gruppene. Videre fant vi en positiv sammenheng mellom 25(OH)D og BMD hos norske kvinner (r = 0,11, p = 0,019) og norske menn (r = 0,16, p = 0,002). En svakere sammenheng ble funnet hos pakistanske menn, mens vi ikke fant noen assosiasjon hos pakistanske kvinner. Tilsvarende hadde de norske kvinnene med sekundær hyperparatyreoidisme lavere BMD enn norske kvinner uten sekundær hyperparatyreoidisme (–0,027 g/cm<sup>2</sup>, p = 0,019). Samme tendens ble også observert for både pakistanske og norske menn, men ikke for pakistanske kvinner.</p>

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