scholarly journals Micronutrient's deficiency in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Venkatesh ◽  
Akash Sharma ◽  
Velmurugan A. Ananthan ◽  
Padmavathi Subbiah ◽  
R. Durga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitamin B

Abstract India is coming to grips with a stage of nutrition transition. According to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), preventable micronutrient deficiency is arising public health precedence in India. However, the foremost public health concern is the lack of national prevalence data. The present study was carried out to estimate the pooled age-wise prevalence of six preventable micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, iodine and folic acid) in India. A systematic review was carried out on PubMed and Global Index Medicus databases using the Boolean search strategy. Statistical analyses were done using R software, version 3.6. 2. PRISMA guidelines were strictly adhered to during the review. A preliminary literature search yielded 4302 articles; however, 270 original research articles were found eligible to be included in quantitative synthesis. The estimated overall prevalence was 17 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0⋅07, 0⋅26] for iodine deficiency, 37 % (95 % CI 0⋅27, 0⋅46) for folic acid deficiency, 54 % (95 % CI 0⋅49, 0⋅59) for iron deficiency, 53 % (95 % CI 0⋅41, 0⋅64) for vitamin B12 deficiency, 19 % (95 % CI 0⋅09, 0⋅29) for vitamin A deficiency and 61 % (95 % CI 0⋅07, 0⋅26) for vitamin D with high heterogeneity. We classified the population into infants (0–5 years), adolescents (<18 years), adults (>18 years) and pregnant women. Iron deficiency was most prevalent (61 %) in pregnant women. The results of the present study reinforce the data on micronutrient deficiency in India and warrant the immediate need for further active public health interventions to address these deficiencies. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020205043).

scholarly journals Pooled estimate of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Vidhya Shinde ◽  
Reshma Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Women In India

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women is a public health concern globally. In India, individual studies report high prevalence. However, lack of national data masks the true burden. This work determined the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in India through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Methods Three different search engines yielded 15 eligible articles. Study quality was assessed by 10 different criteria and summary of study quality was categorized as per Cochrane standards. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy pregnant women and heterogeneity among selected studies. A sample of n = 4088 was used to study the pooled prevalence among pregnant women. Results The random effects combined estimate was 32.35% (95% CI, (12.58–117.48). High heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.39, I2 = 100%) and high risk of bias was observed among the selected studies. The test for overall effect was observed to be z = 2.54(P = 0.01). Conclusion Pooled estimate > 30% emphasizes the need for screening through antenatal care services and initiate preventive measures to address the deficiency.

scholarly journals Predictors of Anaemia prevalence among pregnant women in urban Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jones Asafo Akowuah ◽  
Ebenezer Owusu-Addo ◽  
Ama Opuni Antwiwaa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Abstract Background Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Despite its wide scope and adverse effects including increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects in the new born, extensive interventions using upstream approaches to public health have largely not been implemented. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia in pregnant women in four health facilities in the Kwabre East Municipality of Ghana.Method A cross-sectional survey with a two-stage sampling technique was conducted on 220 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the selected health facilities. Interview-based structured questionnaires were used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors.Results The prevalence of anaemia was 11.4%. Few women (25) were anaemic and morphologically, 14 had normocytic normochromic (56%) anemia and 9 had Microcytic hypochromic (36) anaemia. Iron deficiency was reported in 19 (8.6%) pregnant women. Iron sulphate intake (AOR [95% CI] = 3.16 [1.15, 7.37], ANC follow-up during pregnancy (AOR [95% CI] = 3.07 [1.59, 7.99], household size of ≥ 5 (AOR [95% CI] = 3.58 [1.75, 9.52], folic acid intake (AOR [95% CI] = 5.29 [2.65, 12.39] and the period in pregnancy AOR [95% CI]= ≥36 weeks 3.2 (1.3–4.5) were independent predictors of anemia.Conclusion Though anaemia prevalence has been low in urban areas as previously reported, collaborated healthcare measures that aim at eradicating the menace are encouraged. Maternal health care interventions including the administration of folic acid, regular iron sulphate intake and intensive education on early ANC are recommended.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamins on the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Dehghani-Samani ◽  
Mahsa Kamali ◽  
Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Background: Vitamins had been reported repeatedly as important micronutrients, on immune system. Objectives: In this study roles of vitamins on immune system were discussed in detail, as well as their probable roles on the prevention/treatment of viral infections including COVID-19 infection. Method: Totally, 57 articles had been extracted from common indexing databases/websites, which were then classified to different main groups and subgroups. The roles of Vitamins on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection had been also reviewed, and finally their contents had been purified and listed into different categorizations. Moreover, differential percentages of each vitamin related studies, differential percentages of studies on the association with COVID-19, and mechanisms of the vitamins effects on immune system had been reviewed for each vitamin. Results: In this study, the reviewed articles had been categorized into 5 main vitamin groups and 7 subgroups for vitamin B family groups. The most studied vitamin group was identified to be the B vitamins group followed by the vitamins A, D, and E groups that were ranked in next steps, respectively. However, in individual comparison of vitamins, vitamin A had been identified as the vitamin with maximum number of studies. Accordingly, more than half of these studies (66.66%) had focused on the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Briefly, this study showed that, among all vitamins, roles of vitamin A, C, D, and E are more defined and maybe more effective on immune system, which emphasizes on the importance of vitamins in prevention of several viral infections like COVID-19. Therefore, sufficient vitamin intake can be recommended to prevent viral infections like COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of micronutrient deficiency among children in China: a systematic review of the literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2605-2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel YS Wong ◽  
Esther W Chan ◽  
Celine SL Chui ◽  
Alastair G Sutcliffe ◽  
Ian CK Wong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to review the literature on micronutrient deficiency and other factors influencing a deficiency status among children living in China.DesignA systematic review was performed to analyse the literature.SettingStudies were identified through a search of PubMed and secondary references.SubjectsChildren living in China aged less than 18 years.ResultsSixty-one articles were included. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency decreased to approximately 10 % in 1995–2009. It increased with age but no significant difference was found between genders. The prevalence of thiamin and vitamin B12 deficiency was 10·5 % in Yunnan and 4·5 % in Chongqing provinces, respectively. Higher vitamin D deficiency rates were seen in spring and winter. The incidence of bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency was 3·3 % in 1998–2001 and more prevalent in rural areas. Both iodine deficiency and excess iodine intake were observed. Goitre rates were reported in Tibet, Jiangxi, Gansu and Hong Kong (3·5–46 %). Anaemia rates ranged from 20 % to 40 % in 2007–2011. High Se deficiency rates were found in Tibet, Shaanxi and Jiangsu. High Zn deficiency rates were also found (50–70 %) in 1995–2006. Few studies reported Ca deficiency rates (19·6–34·3 %). The degrees of deficiency for vitamin A, vitamin B12, Fe and Zn were more substantial in rural areas compared with urban areas.ConclusionsThe prevalence of micronutrient deficiency rates varied. Socio-economic status, environmental factors and the Chinese diet may influence micronutrient deficiency. Public health policies should consider implementing programmes of supplementation, food fortification and nutrition education to address these deficiencies among Chinese children.

scholarly journals Adequacy of Total Usual Nutrient Intakes from Foods and Supplements Among Pregnant Women in the United States by Level of Dairy Consumption, NHANES 2003–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002
Author(s):  
Kelly Higgins ◽  
Xiaoyu Bi ◽  
Leila Barraj ◽  
Carolyn Scrafford ◽  
Mary Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

Abstract Objectives Dairy products are a rich source of many nutrients including calcium, vitamins A and D, and potassium; these micronutrients are among the nutrients underconsumed by pregnant women. The objective of this analysis was to examine nutrient intake adequacy from foods (including beverages) and dietary supplements among pregnant women in the US by level of dairy consumption. Methods Using data from pregnant women (n = 806) ages 20–44 years in the combined NHANES 2003–2016, usual intakes (UI) of micronutrients from food and dietary supplement sources were estimated by level of total reported dairy product consumption categorized as &lt;1 (n = 244, 31%), 1 to &lt;2 (n = 211, 28%), 2 to &lt;3 (n = 144, 19%), and ≥3 (n = 207, 22%) cup equivalents per day (cup-eq/d). The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation for dairy product consumption is 3 cup-eq/d. Usual intakes and prevalence of intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for underconsumed nutrients (e.g., magnesium and vitamin A) and nutrients of public health concern (e.g., calcium, potassium, and vitamin D) were calculated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results Mean consumption of dairy products among pregnant women was 2.0 ± 0.08 cup-eq/d, with 78% of pregnant women consuming less than the recommended 3 cup-eq/d. Compared to women consuming ≥3 cup-eq/d, women consuming &lt;1 or 1 to &lt;2 cup-eq/d of dairy products were more likely to have inadequate intakes of vitamin D (22% vs 56% and 22% vs 51%, respectively) and potassium (31% vs 81% and 31% vs 71%, respectively). Compared to women consuming ≥3 cup-eq/d of dairy products, women consuming &lt;1 cup-eq/d were more likely to have inadequate intakes of calcium (&lt;3% vs 43%). Pregnant women consuming ≥3 cup-eq/d of dairy products were less likely to have inadequate intakes of vitamin A and magnesium compared to women consuming the lowest levels of dairy intake. Conclusions Consumption of dairy products among pregnant women is associated with increased prevalence of adequate intakes of select underconsumed micronutrients. Funding Sources Dairy Management Inc.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiency after Bariatric Surgery

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eva-Christina Krzizek ◽  
Johanna Maria Brix ◽  
Alexander Stöckl ◽  
Verena Parzer ◽  
Bernhard Ludvik
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> While vitamin deficiency after bariatric surgery has been repeatedly described, few studies have focused on adequate micronutrient status. In this study, we examine the prevalence of vitamin and micronutrient deficiency for the first 3 years after surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Out of 1,216 patients undergoing surgery, 485 who underwent postoperative follow-up in an outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2019 were included in this evaluation (76.9% women, mean age 42 ± 12 years, mean BMI: year 1, 33.9 ± 19.2; year 2, 29.7 ± 8.7; year 3, 26.2 ± 4.0). Weight and cardiovascular risk factors as well as ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, 25-OH-vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium were evaluated. Deficits were defined as follows: ferritin &#x3c;15 µg/L, vitamin B12 &#x3c;197 pg/mL, folic acid &#x3c;4.4 ng/mL, 25-OH-vitamin D &#x3c;75 nmol/L, vitamin A &#x3c;1.05 µmol/L, vitamin E &#x3c;12 µmol/L, zinc &#x3c;0.54 mg/L, copper &#x3c;0.81 mg/L, and selenium &#x3c;50 µg/L. All patients underwent dietary counselling and substitution of the respective deficits as appropriate. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One year after bariatric surgery, 485 patients completed follow-up. This number decreased to 114 patients in year 2, and 80 patients in year 3. Overall, 42.7% (<i>n</i> = 207) underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 43.7% (<i>n</i> = 211) Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass, and 13.9% (<i>n</i> = 67) gastric banding. The following deficits were found (year 1/2/3): ferritin, 21.6/35.0/32.5%; vitamin B12, 14.3/1.8/6.3%; folic acid, 29.7/21.6/15.3%; 25-OH-vitamin D, 70.8/67.0/57.4%; vitamin A, 13.2/8.9/12.8%; vitamin E, 0%; zinc, 1.7/0/1.5%; copper, 10.4/12.2/11.9%; selenium, 11.1/4.3/0%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> As seen in other studies, the follow-up frequency decreased over the years. Despite intensive substitution, the extent of some deficiencies increased or did not improve. These results suggest reinforcing measures to motivate patients for regular follow-up visits, considering closer monitoring schedules, and improving supplementation strategies.

Nutrient supplementation among pregnant women in China: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tao Han ◽  
Jingwen Dong ◽  
Jiangtao Zhang ◽  
Chenxiao Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Objective: To clarify nutrient supplementation usage and primary source of information among pregnant women in China. Design: This cross-sectional study used information on nutrient supplementation and primary source of information collected via face-to-face interviews. Data on the usage of folic acid, calcium/vitamin D, iron, vitamins, docosahexaenoic acid, and other dietary supplements were collected. Primary source of information were categorized as family/relatives, friends/co-workers, the Internet, books/magazines, television/radio, doctors, other people, and oneself. Setting: Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Chengdu, China. Participants: 1081 Chinese pregnant women aged ≥ 20 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: In all three trimesters of pregnancy, usage was highest and most stable for folic acid (81.7%), followed by vitamins (vitamin A, B-group vitamins, vitamin C, and multivitamins; 75.0%), whereas calcium/vitamin D (51.4%) and iron (18.1%) usage was low, potentially indicating a deficiency risk. All supplementation usage percentages increased with pregnancy duration (p < 0.05). Notably, approximately 10% of the pregnant women in our study did not use any nutrient supplementation, and this was especially common in early pregnancy. More than 50% of the women reported getting information on nutrient supplementation from family members, and about 30% reported getting this information from doctors. Conclusions: Among pregnant women in China, awareness about nutrient supplementation increases as the pregnancy progresses, but some types of nutrient supplementation (such as calcium/vitamin D and iron) remain at low levels. It is necessary to pay more attention to the health education of pregnant women in China, and the influence of family members should be emphasized.

Concentration of folic acid (FA) in serum of Japanese pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Nathan Mise ◽  
Mayumi Ohtsu ◽  
Akihiko Ikegami ◽  
Yoko Hosoi ◽  
Yoshihiko Nakagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractObjectivesExposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a world-wide health concern. We reported that Japanese children and pregnant women are exposed to moderate levels of iAs through food. Reducing iAs contamination from foods of high iAs is an important issue unique in Japan. Integrated iAs is methylated to less toxic organic forms, and S-adenosyl-L-methyonine (SAM), a common methyl-donor of DNA and histones, is utilized in this process. Chronic consumption of SAM by iAs metabolism due to exposure to iAs might alter the epigenetic modification of genome. The SAM biosynthesis pathway is dependent on folate cycle, and it is possible that ingestion of sufficient folic acid (FA) is protective to iAs induced toxicity.MethodsIn the course of our cross-sectional body burden analyses of Pb and iAs in Japanese children and pregnant women, termed “PbAs study”, FA concentration in serum of 104 pregnant women was measured.ResultsMean (±SEM) of serum FA concentration was 15.8 ± 1.3 (ng/mL). There are significant number of people showing very high FA (>30 ng/ mL), and large fraction of them were taking supplements daily.ConclusionsThese results suggested that level of FA ingestion of Japanese pregnant women is high for supporting normal fetal development.

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for assessing vitamin intake of Japanese women in early and late pregnancy with and without nausea and vomiting

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Chik Jwa ◽  
Kohei Ogawa ◽  
Minatsu Kobayashi ◽  
Naho Morisaki ◽  
Haruhiko Sago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractMaternal vitamin intake during pregnancy is crucial for pregnancy outcomes and the child's subsequent health. However, there are few valid instruments for assessing vitamin intake that address the effects of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This study aimed to investigate the validity of a FFQ concerning vitamin intake during early and late pregnancy with and without NVP. The participants comprised 200 Japanese pregnant women who completed the FFQ and from whom blood samples were taken in early and late pregnancy. Energy-adjusted dietary vitamin intakes (vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D) from FFQ were compared with their blood concentrations. A subgroup of women with NVP was investigated. In early pregnancy, significant correlations between FFQ and biomarkers were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·18) and vitamin D (r0·26) in women with NVP and for vitamin A (r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·24) and vitamin D (r0·23) in women without NVP. No significant correlations were observed in either group for vitamins B6or E. In late pregnancy, similar significant associations were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·22), vitamin B6(r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·27) and vitamin A (r0·15); coefficients were higher among women without NVP. Our study demonstrates that the FFQ is a useful tool for assessing intake of several important vitamins in early and late pregnancy regardless of NVP status.

Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Alexa L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type I ◽  
In Pregnancy

Vitamins are essential nutrients for many body functions and particularly important during growth. Adequate supply in pregnancy and in early infancy is therefore crucial, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the needed amounts of vitamins of children older than six months and also during pregnancy. Recommendations for intake levels are generally derived by extrapolation from data for infants based in turn on the contents in breast milk and those for adults. A vitamin of particular importance in pregnancy is folic acid due to its role in the development of the brain and nerve system and the prevention of fetal neural tube defects (NTD). Mandatory fortification of flour and certain other grain products in many countries has been associated with a reduction in NTD incidence. However, other deficiencies or suboptimal status of B vitamins, especially B6 and B12 have been repeatedly reported in pregnant women also in high-income countries. Vitamin A is one of the three most critical micronutrients globally and pregnant women and young children are especially vulnerable to deficiencies. Night blindness, anemia, and immunodeficiency are major consequences of inadequate supply in these populations. Much attention has recently been accorded vitamin D that is also critical in pregnant women and young children for instance because of its involvement in bone mineralization but also its more recently discovered immune-modulating function that is thought to prevent development of autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus type I. A healthy balanced diet provides the best basis for optimal pregnancy outcome, lactation performance, and complementary feeding. However, supplements or fortified foods may be needed to cover the high requirements especially of critical vitamins such as vitamin D and folic acid and to correct unfavorable dietary patterns in women or to adapt foods to the needs of young children.

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