scholarly journals A ‘Suitable Soil’: Plague’s Urban Breeding Grounds at the Dawn of the Third Pandemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lynteris
Keyword(s):  
Modern Medicine ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Urban Terrain ◽  
Scientific Debates

A pressing question during the first half-decade of the third plague pandemic (1894–9) was what was a ‘suitable soil’ for the disease. The question related to plague’s perceived ability to disappear from a given city only to reappear at some future point; a phenomenon that became central to scientific investigations of the disease. However, rather than this simply having a metaphorical meaning, the debate around plague’s ‘suitable soil’ actually concerned the material reality of the soil itself. The prevalence of plague in the working-class neighbourhood of Taipingshan during the first major outbreak of the pandemic, in 1894 in Hong Kong, led to an extensive debate regarding the ability of the soil to harbour and even spread the disease. Involving experiments, which were seen as able to procure evidence for or against the demolition or even torching of the area, scientific and administrative concerns over the soil rendered it an unstable yet highly productive epistemic thing. The spread of plague to India further fuelled concerns over the ability of the soil to act as the medium of the disease’s so-called true recrudescence. Besides high-profile scientific debates, hands-on experiments on purifying the soil of infected houses by means of highly intrusive methods allowed scientists and administrators to act upon and further solidify plague’s supposed invisibility in the urban terrain. Rather than being a short-lived, moribund object of epidemiological concern, this paper will demonstrate that the soil played a crucial role in the development of plague as a scientifically knowable and actionable category for modern medicine.

The Small Mammal Project: Engaging Students as Scientists

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Erika V. Iyengar ◽  
Paul T. Meier ◽  
Rachel E. Hamelers
Keyword(s):  
College Courses ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Dissemination Of Results ◽  
Scientific Questions

This article describes a sustained, student-driven, inquiry-based set of activities meant to illuminate the scientific process from the initial scientific questions to oral dissemination of results. It is appropriate for science majors and nonmajors, advanced high school through upper-level college courses. Involving students in hands-on, self-driven investigations will allow them to see the challenges of quantitative scientific investigations, and the role of scientific creativity in experimental design and interpretation. This project allows a large group of students to engage in the type of research project often only available to students working one-on-one with instructors or in research labs. This activity requires skeletons of multiple species of small mammals, but there are many ways to alter the project to suit available resources. We expect that students involved in hands-on, self-directed scientific investigations early in their academic careers are less likely to view science as a mere accumulation of facts and more likely to be empowered to participate later in more sustained scientific investigations.

Introducing Morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Morphological Theory ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The One

A lively introduction to morphology, this textbook is intended for undergraduates with relatively little background in linguistics. It shows students how to find and analyze morphological data and presents them with basic concepts and terminology concerning the mental lexicon, inflection, derivation, morphological typology, productivity, and the interfaces between morphology and syntax on the one hand and phonology on the other. By the end of the text students are ready to understand morphological theory and how to support or refute theoretical proposals. Providing data from a wide variety of languages, the text includes hands-on activities designed to encourage students to gather and analyse their own data. The third edition has been thoroughly updated with new examples and exercises. Chapter 2 now includes an updated detailed introduction to using linguistic corpora, and there is a new final chapter covering several current theoretical frameworks.

scholarly journals The Universal Factory

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Kevin Rogan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Vast Network

Critical data studies have made great strides in bringing together data analysts and urban design, providing an extensible concept which is useful in visualizing the role of local and planetary data networks. But in the light of the experience of Sidewalk Labs, critical data studies need a further push. As smart cities, algorithmic urbanisms, and sensorial regimes inch closer and closer to reality, critical data studies remain woefully blind to economic and political issues. Data remains undertheorized for its economic content as a commodity, and the political ramifications of the data assemblages remain locked in a proto-political schema of good and bad uses of this vast network of data collection, analysis, research, and organization. This paper attempts to subject critical data studies to a rigorous critique by deepening its relationship to the history thus far of Sidewalk Labs’ project in Quayside, Toronto. It is broken into sections. The first section discusses the material reality of Kitchin and Lauriault’s (2014) data assemblages and data landscapes. The second section investigates data itself and what its ‘inherent’ value means in an economic sense. The third section looks at the way the understanding of data promoted by the data assemblage effects smart city design. The fourth section examines the role of the designer in shepherding this vision, and moreover the data assemblage, into existence.

scholarly journals Von «grossen Deutschen» und «stolzen Wipfeln» - Die Lehrbücher der deutschen Medizingeschichte und die Pathologie (1858 bis 1945)

Gesnerus ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 194-218
Author(s):  
Cay-Rüdiger Prüll
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
German History ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Cellular Pathology

Textbooks on German medical history are a valuable source when analyzing the discipline's view on the foundation of scientific medicine. This paper deals with descriptions of the history of pathology found in textbooks between 1858 and 1945: In particular, pathological anatomy and Rudolf Virchow's "cellular pathology" were the cornerstones of the foundation of modern medicine in the 19"* century. The way textbooks deal with the history of pathology mirrors the development of German history of medicine: Since the turn of the century the latter felt devoted to an ahistoric teleological approach which did not change in the "Third Reich". This situation hampered a critical histonography which would show relations of the history of pathology to cultural, social and political history.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
House Of Commons ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Normal Standards

Cecil Bisshop Harmsworth (1869–1948) was the third brother of a large, famous and influential family. His elder siblings were Alfred Charles William Harmsworth and Harold Sidney Harmsworth. These two self-made men – Lords Northcliffe and Rothermere, as they became – were amongst the most powerful and notorious press proprietors of their age. Both of them, Alfred especially, were brilliant and energetic, but they were not exactly well liked. By contrast, Cecil was an able person who had, by normal standards, a successful career as a Liberal MP and junior minister, and yet never acquired – and indeed never aspired to attain – the high profile of his brothers. If he was overshadowed, though, he had an important gift that they lacked: ‘a genius for friendship’. It is related that, before he was elected to Parliament, Cecil was invited to the terrace of the House of Commons and made a very good impression on those he met. Supposedly, Northcliffe, when informed of this by one of his journalists, replied sardonically: ‘Oh, I understand. They were delighted to meet a human Harmsworth.’

Francis Edgar Jones, 16 January 1914 - 10 April 1988

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 179-199
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
The Church

Francis Edgar Jones was born on 16 January 1914 in Wolverhampton. His father, the son of a miner, was educated at the Rugby Grammar School and a teachers’ training college, and became a teacher in 1898. He met Frank’s mother, whose family name was Franks, while teaching at Barnet. Early in the 1900s they moved north to Wolverhampton and remained there until they moved again to Dagenham in 1921. Frank was the third born in a family of two boys and two girls. At the age of just under five he was sent to the Church of England Primary School at Heathdown, Wolverhampton, where the discipline was strict. Frank had a vivid recollection of life at the school: ‘When we arrived at a quarter to nine, we first had to place our hands on the desk in front, palms face down, to see that we had clean nails. Next we had to stand on the form to have our boots inspected to make sure they were clean. After prayers, school began and our reward for a good week’s work was to be allowed to work with raffia - of different colours - on Friday afternoons.’

Polish activities in Vestspitsbergen, 1956–1960

Polar Record ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (70) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Birkenmajer
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
Main Area ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Station

Polish expeditions to Vestspitsbergen between 1956 and 1960 were organized in connexion with the Third IGY and its continuation. The main area chosen for scientific investigations was Hornsund, Vestspitsbergen, in which, at Isbjørnhamna, the main station was built (lat. 77° N., long. 15° 30′ E.). The areas covered by investigations were mainly southern and central parts of Wedel Jarlsberg Land and Torell Land, to the north of Hornsund, and the northern part of Sørkapp Land, to the south of Hornsund. Brief investigations were also carried out to the south of Van Keulenfjorden, in north-west Torell Land, and along the western, southern and eastern coasts of Sørkapp Land.

scholarly journals Improving Science Learning Outcomes with Hands-On-Minds-On Learning Model on The Third Graders Of Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Ike Rohaenah ◽  
Ngadiyem Ngadiyem ◽  
Dinan Hasbudin ◽  
Fauzi Fauzi ◽  
Prahasinta Dewie
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hands On

scholarly journals HANDS-ON TECHNIQUES TO REINFORCE READING PESTICIDE LABELS THOROUGHLY

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 870a-870
Author(s):  
Mary Lamberts ◽  
Adrian Hunsberger
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Additional Product

Many people, including growers and gardeners, fail to carefully read pesticide labels before each use because they assume they know what the label contains. The UF Miami-Dade County Extension pesticide trainer developed several hands-on exercises where participants had to find information on labels chosen for specific features. The first group was people taking the Core/General Standards training. Five pesticide labels were used. Participants were asked to find information from three different categories: 1) basic information used for record keeping and about the product;2) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Precautionary Statements; and 3) additional product information such as irrigation and tank mix warnings. A second group, Private Applicators (growers and their employees), studied 6 labels (1 overlap with Core training). They were asked information that focused on Worker Protection Standard issues, resistance management, limits on number total amount applied, and pre-harvest intervals. For both types of licensed applicator training, participants were divided into groups of 5 to 6. On several occasions, growers and other licensed applicators said they thought labels should have greater uniformity regarding location of key information. Master Gardeners (MGs), the third group, were first given three general publications on labels and 1 on protecting the applicator. They then received labels of four homeowner products and were guided through finding information such as: labeled crops/sites, pests controlled, signal words, mixing instructions, preharvest intervals and replant information. MG knowledge was evaluated with a five-question quiz. All participants commented that they learned a lot about reading labels.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF HANDS ON PUMPING ON THE LEVEL OF BREAST MILK PRODUCTION ON POST PARTUM MOTHERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Leni Marlina ◽  
Dora Samaria ◽  
Theresia Theresia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Group

The exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia has not yet reached the national level target. Data from Private Hospital in West Jakarta found that there were only 60% of mothers who gave exclusive breast feeding in 2016, 38% of whom said they were unsuccessful due to low breast milk. The method that can be used to increase milk production is Hands on Pumping (HOP) technique, HOP is a technique of flushing the breast milk by relying on the strength of our thumb and index finger. To observe the effect of HOP on breast milk production in post partum mothers. We employed a quasi experimental design with pre and post test design, with the control group. The sample size was 68 mothers post multiparous partum with criteria 34 as the HOP experimental group and 34 post partum mothers as the control group (without HOP). On the third day of the intervention group there was a significant increase in breast milk production from the first day. The experimental group received HOP intervention (34 mothers) with a rise of 121.08 ml. This means that there is a difference in milk production before and after treatment. On the third day, the results of the p value are 0,000, with p value <0.05, which brought to the conclusion that there was an influence of HOP on breast milk production. HOP can significantly increase milk production. Next researcher is recommended to conduct similar research by paying attention to other factors that also affect breast milk production, such as psychological, nutrition, maternal breast conditions, and hormones.

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