scholarly journals Dynamic associations of network isolation and smoking behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOLLY COPELAND ◽  
BRYCE BARTLETT ◽  
JACOB C. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevailing social network frameworks examine the association between peer ties and behaviors, such as smoking, but the role of social isolates is poorly understood. Some theories predict isolated adolescents are protected from peer influence that increases smoking, while others suggest isolates are more likely to initiate smoking because they lack the social control provided by peer friendships. Building on a growing literature that seeks to explain these contradictions by moving beyond a homogeneous understanding of isolation, we identify the relationship between smoking and three distinct dimensions of isolation: avoided (adolescents who do not receive ties), withdrawn (adolescents who do not send ties), and externally oriented (adolescents who claim close out-of-grade friends). We examine the co-evolutionary effects of these dimensions and cigarette smoking using an autoregressive latent trajectory model with PROSPER Peers, a unique, longitudinal network dataset. These data include students (47% male and 86% white) from rural Iowa and Pennsylvania, ranging successively from grades 6–12 in eight waves of data. We find avoided isolation is associated with decreased subsequent smoking in high school. Smoking increases subsequent avoided and withdrawn isolation, but decreases external orientation.

scholarly journals Dynamic Associations of Network Isolation and Smoking Behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Copeland ◽  
Bryce Bartlett ◽  
Jacob C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Trajectory Model ◽  
Latent Trajectory ◽  
Robustness Check

Prevailing social network frameworks examine the association between peerties and behaviors like smoking, but the role of social isolates is poorlyunderstood. Some theories predict isolated adolescents are protected frompeer influence that increases smoking, while others suggest isolates aremore likely to initiate smoking because they lack social control providedby peer friendships. Building on a growing literature that seeks to explainthese contradictions by moving beyond a homogeneous understanding ofisolation, we identify the relationships between smoking and three distinctdimensions of isolation: avoided (adolescents who do not receive ties),withdrawn (adolescents who do not send ties), and externally oriented(adolescents who claim close out-of-grade friends). We examine thecoevolutionary effects of these dimensions and cigarette smoking using anautoregressive latent trajectory model (ALT) with PROSPER Peers, a unique,longitudinal networks dataset. These data include students (47% male and86% White) from rural Iowa and Pennsylvania, ranging successively fromgrades 6-12 in eight waves of data. As a robustness check, we use astochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to compare to results from the ALT.We find avoided isolation and external orientation are associated withdecreased successive smoking in high school, while smoking increasessubsequent isolation along all three dimensions, with particularly strongeffects on withdrawn isolation.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kontrol Sosial Orang Tua dengan Perilaku Seks Pranikah Remaja Kelurahan Batang Arau Kecamatan Padang Selatan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatri Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Relationship

The reality, premarital sexual behavior almost increased every year in adolescents. The adolescents assumed that do activity of sex with homosexual or heterosexual likes daily activity, thereby they will feel degradation in social norm of adolescent itself. In this case, role of parents are very important to give strong social control through of education, protection, controling, and reinforcement the social norm in order that adolescents were avoided from premarital sexual behavior. Therefore, this research purposed to reveal how the relationship between social control of parents with premarital sex behavior in adolescents. This research used a quantitative of metode with kind the correlational of description. The result in this research was can get a not significant relationship between social control of parents with premarital sexual behavior in adolescents, it means that social control parents was not always influence premarital sexual behavior of adolescents. So that the parents must found the other factor to influence of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents to protected the adolescents from premarital sexual behavior.

scholarly journals 17. Criminology and transitional justice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran McEvoy ◽  
Ron Dudai ◽  
Cheryl Lawther
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the intersection between criminology and transitional justice. The chapter begins with a critical discussion on the utility of criminological scholarship from settled democracies to the exceptional circumstances of post-conflict or post-authoritarian societies. It then explores a range of debates related to the punishment of offenders in such contexts including the role of prosecutions, amnesties, the reintegration of former combatants, and the role of restorative justice. The chapter next considers the social and political construction of victimhood in transitional contexts including competing notions of the ‘idealized’ victim. The relationship between transitional justice and social control is then examined including the importance of countering denial, the relationship between deviance and memory and the particular contribution of efforts ‘from below’ to counter elites-level narratives on past abuses. The chapter concludes that a criminology of transitional justice provides the basis for revisiting some of the foundational questions on responding to crime and justice in the most challenging of settings—a sobering but intellectually rich research agenda for years to come.

Astrology in court: The Spanish Inquisition, authority, and expertise

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayra M. C. Lanuza-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Early Modern Spain ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Spanish Inquisition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Astrology, its legitimacy, and the limits of its acceptable practice were debated in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe. Many of the related arguments were mediated by the work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and the responses to it. Acknowledging the complexities of the relationship between astrological ideas and Christian teachings, this paper focuses on the Catholic debates by specifically considering the decisions about astrology taken by the Spanish Inquisition. The trials of astrologers are examined with the aim of understanding the role of experts in astrology in early modern Spain. This study brings into view the specific nature of the debate on astrology in Spain, the consequences of the actions of the Inquisition and the social control it exerted. The historical events discussed comprise a particular case and also mirror the general debates about astrology taking place in early modern Europe. The experts’ opinions expressed in trials and in reports about the discipline received by the Inquisition reveal two key traits of the debate: the dispute about who had the authority to decide on the legitimacy of astrology and the disagreement about what constituted natural and judicial astrological practices. These led to different opinions about what was to be done with each defendant and about what content in their books ought to be forbidden.

Pathways to political (dis-)engagement: motivations behind social media use and the role of incidental and intentional exposure modes in adolescents’ political engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 671-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffael Heiss ◽  
Johannes Knoll ◽  
Jörg Matthes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Online Engagement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intentional Mode ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBased on the Social Media Political Participation Model (SMPPM), this study investigates the relationship between four key motivations behind the use of Social Network Sites (SNS) and political engagement among adolescents. We collected our data in a paper-pencil survey with 15- to 20-year-old adolescents (N=294), a highly underexplored group, which is most active on social media. We theorize that adolescents’ user motivations are related to political engagement via two modes of exposure: The intentional mode, which is related to active information seeking, and the incidental mode, in which adolescents run into politics only by accident. We found that political information and self-expression motivations were positively related to political engagement via the intentional mode. By contrast, entertainment motivations were negatively related to offline, but not to online engagement via the incidental mode.

scholarly journals JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU SISWA MEROKOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Nawaar Faizatun Ashri ◽  
Nurhadi Nurhadi ◽  
Okta Hadi Nurcahyono
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Active Smoker ◽  
The Social

The purpose of this research was to know the social networks of smoking behavior of active smoker students, especially in high school of Surakarta. This study aimed to describe agents that contribute to form this behavior through social ties based on Marwell theory of Social Networks. The methods that used in this study was descriptive qualitative with ethnography approach. The data was collected through interview using WhatsApp application. The data was analyzed with theory of Social Network from Marwell and compared to related researches. Informants in this study were ten high school students in Surakarta who active in smoking behavior. The results of this study indicated that its habit started from curiosity and imitation of others into an action that receive “support” from people around. It could be concluded that student's decision of smoking was determined by their relationship with the social milieu which was also an active smoker, such as family and peer groups.

The Relationship between Governance Networks and Social Networks: Progress, Problems and Prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Ramia ◽  
Roger Patulny ◽  
Greg Marston ◽  
Kyla Cassells
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Governance Networks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

A governance networks literature that uses social network analysis has emerged, but research tends to be more technical than conceptual. This restricts its accessibility and usefulness for non-quantitative scholars and practitioners alike. Furthermore, the literature has not adequately appreciated the importance of informal networking for the effective operation of governance networks. This can hinder inter-disciplinary analysis. Through a critical review, this article identifies four areas of challenge for the governance networks literature and offers four corresponding, complementary sets of concepts from the social network analysis field: (a) the difference between policy networks and governance networks, (b) the role and status of people in governance networks, (c) the ‘dark side’ of networks and the role of power differentials within them and (d) network evaluation and the question of ‘what works’ in network management. The article argues that a less technical, more accessible account of social network analysis offers an additional lens through which to view governance networks.

scholarly journals The Urinary Hormonal State of Cats Associated With Social Interaction With Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Nagasawa ◽  
Mitsuaki Ohta ◽  
Hidehiko Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Research to assess the relationship between cats and humans is in a nascent stage. Some studies have assessed the stress status in cats using physiological indicators, such as the cortisol hormone, but have not focused on the social interaction with humans. Moreover, the role of oxytocin secretion in the relationship between cats and humans remains unclear. In this study, we determined the possibility of quantifying the urinary concentration of oxytocin in cats and assessed the effects of social contact with humans on the levels of urinary oxytocin and cortisol metabolite. Four cats were subjected to two conditions, namely, social (control), and non-social (no social contact with humans) conditions. The levels of cortisol and oxytocin metabolite in urine samples from the cats in both conditions were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The urinary concentrations of cortisol and oxytocin under the non-social condition were significantly higher than those under the social condition. In addition, the concentration of oxytocin significantly correlated with that of cortisol in cats under the non-social condition. In this study, it was possible to quantify the concentration of oxytocin in the urine of cats, and the obtained results suggest that cats recognize the social interaction with humans as important. This information might contribute to the establishment of an assessment method for the welfare of cats and might help in clarifying the relationship between cats and humans.

Mediasi Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja pada Hubungan antara Program Jamsostek dan Kinerja Karyawan Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Swasta di DIY dan Solo

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Totok Danangdjojo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Program Performance ◽  
Social Security Program ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

<span><em>This study aims to explain the influence of the Social Security </em><span><em>program on performance and job satisfaction and job stress as a mediating </em><span><em>variable. In addition, this study also describes the effect of job satisfaction on </em><span><em>the performance and the effect of work stress on performance. The relationship of </em><span><em>each variable in this research is to be measured by conducting a survey on 145 </em><span><em>employees of private companies that included in Social Security program on </em><span><em>DIY and Solo. Then the path analisys used to test the effect of social security </em><span><em>program performance in mediation by job satisfaction, performance and job stress</em><span><em>, job satisfaction, and examines the effect on the performance and the effect of </em><span><em>work stress on performance. The results showed that the social security program </em><span><em>significant positively affects job satisfaction and performance. Job satisfaction was </em><span><em>also positively and significantly affect performance. Even though mediating role </em><span><em>of job satisfaction in the relationship between social security program performance </em><span><em>partial. Because merely direct relationship between social security program with </em><span><em>greater performance than the mediating role of job satisfaction. Social Security </em><span><em>program did not significantly affect the stress of work, as well as job stress did </em><span><em>not significantly affect performance. Therefore, the mediating role of work stress </em><span><em>on the relationship between social security program with the performance did not </em><span><em>occur. Individual differences and work experience may be a factor that causes no </em><span><em>significant relationship between the two variables.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

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