scholarly journals Personality Traits and South Koreans' Attitudes Toward North Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang E. Ha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies suggest that personality traits affect not only ordinary citizens’ political ideology but also their opinions on specific social or political issues. In line with these studies, this article examines the relationship between personality traits — measured by the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) — and South Koreans’ attitudes toward North Korea. The results from statistical analysis of two nationally representative surveys reveal that people who are conscientious are less likely to feel close to North Korea and more likely to believe North Korea is a hostile nation, whereas those high on Openness are more likely to harbour positive attitudes toward North Korea. Given that attitudes toward North Korea have been the most important determinant of political ideology in South Korea, these findings seem to be consistent with those of pre-existing studies.

scholarly journals The Effect of US Foreign Policy on the Relationship Between South and North Korea: Time Series Analysis of the Post-Cold War Era

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Han Yoon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Triangular Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, I examine the effect of US foreign policy on the relationship between South Korea and North Korea. In particular, I analyze whether two different foreign policy approaches—the hard-line approach and the soft-line approach—have played a role in advancing or slowing steps toward peace in the Korean peninsula. I use the Integrated Data for Events Analysis dataset for the period 1990–2004. By employing a Vector Autoregression model, which analyzes the behavioral patterns of South and North Korea and the United States, I find that US foreign policy affects the relationship between the two Koreas by affecting North Korea's behavior toward South Korea. The triangular relationship among the United States, North Korea, and South Korea shows a reciprocal behavior pattern. This finding suggests that a soft-line and reciprocal US foreign policy toward North Korea is critical to maintaining peace in the Korean peninsula.

scholarly journals THE DEFENSIVE–OFFENSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF NORTH KOREA IN THE KOREAN PENINSULA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Aucky Adi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The study seeks to explain North Korea's political behavior that tends to act defensively and offensively which has often been represented as a dangerous country. Moreover, historically, the events of the Korean War that led to the breakup of Korea into two parts, the northern part that is associated with the Soviet Union and the southern part that is joined by the United States, makes the relationship between the two countries increasingly conflictual. Coupled with the formation of two axes of power since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea is allied with its ideological one brother China, and South Korea is allied with the United States. The political escalation between the two countries continues to rise, resulting in the relationship of two becoming very conflictual, and because of that, the rivalry that is formed between the two countries raises various potential conflicts that couldn't be avoided. This research used the congruent method by used the balance of threat theory from Stephen Walt who argued that the state reacts to the perceived threat rather than power, and aims to balance it. The results found that North Korea's defensive - offensive actions were motivated by distrust of America-allied South Korea through several joint exercise programs on the peninsula that is considered a form of threat. Overall, the main argument of this research is the North Korea’s defensive - offensive actions are determined by the attitudes of South Korea and its ally the United States.</p></div>

How American Adults Obtain Work Skills: Results of a New National Survey

ILR Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 001979392110181
Author(s):  
Paul Osterman
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Contract Workers ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent National Survey

Employer-provided training is an important determinant of economic outcomes, yet our understanding of its extent and distribution is well out of date—with the most recent national survey being from 2008. This article updates our understanding of employer-provided training through a 2020 nationally representative survey of 3,648 working civilian adults between the ages of 24 and 64. Results show that while employer-provided training is reasonably extensive, considerable disparities occur along the lines of race, ethnicity, and educational attainment. Additionally, the author contributes to the literature by making clear distinctions among types of employment—standard, contract (those employed by a contract company but working onsite at another firm), and freelancer (those with no employer per se). Contract workers receive considerably less employer training than do employees who work under standard arrangements. Findings are robust to a range of job skill measures as well as skill specificity. The author also examines the relationship between employer-provided training and whether people seek out training on their own and shows that the inequalities in access to employer-provided training are accentuated with self-directed training.

scholarly journals Political differences in free will belief are driven by differences in moralization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Albert Charlton Everett ◽  
Cory J Clark ◽  
Peter Meindl ◽  
Jamie B Luguri ◽  
Brian D. Earp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Personal Accountability ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
The Relationship

In fourteen studies, we tested whether political conservatives’ stronger free will beliefs aredriven by stronger and broader tendencies to moralize, and thus a greater motivation to assign responsibility. In Study 1 (meta-analysis of five studies, n = 308,499) we show that conservatives have stronger tendencies to moralize than liberals, even for moralization measures containing zero political content (e.g., moral badness ratings of faces and personality traits). In Study 2, show that conservatives report higher free will belief, and this is mediated by the belief that people should be held morally responsible for their bad behaviour (n = 14,707). In Study 3, we show that political conservatism is associated with higher attributions of free will for specific events. Turning to experimental manipulations of our hypothesis, we show that when conservatives and liberals see an action as equally wrong there is no difference in free will attributions (Study 4); that when conservatives see an action as less wrong than liberals, they attribute less free will (Study 5); and that specific perceptions of wrongness mediate the relationship between political ideology and free will attributions (Study 6a and 6b). Finally, we show that political conservatives and liberals even differentially attribute free will for the same action depending on who performed it (Studies 7a-d). Together, our results suggest political differences in free will are largely explicable through motivated reasoning and differing desires to blame, rather than reflecting some genuine disagreement about the metaphysical nature of human freedom. Higher free will beliefs among conservatives may be explained by conservatives’ tendency to moralize, which strengthens motivation to justify blame with stronger belief in free will and personal accountability.

scholarly journals Dispositional Sources of Managerial Discretion: CEO Ideology, CEO Personality, and Firm Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Gupta ◽  
Sucheta Nadkarni ◽  
Misha Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Firm Strategies ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the dispositional sources of managerial discretion by theorizing that CEOs’ personality traits affect the extent to which their firms’ strategies reflect their preferences. In a longitudinal study of Fortune 500 firms, we examine the moderating influence of two personality traits—narcissism and extraversion—on the relationship between CEOs’ liberal- or conservative-leaning political ideologies and two firm strategies: corporate social responsibility (CSR) and workforce downsizing. We anticipate and confirm that liberal-leaning CEOs are more likely than others to enact CSR practices, and conservative-leaning CEOs are more likely than others to engage in downsizing. We find that extraversion strengthens these effects: it increases liberal CEOs’ use of CSR and conservative CEOs’ use of downsizing. Narcissism likewise strengthens the effect of CEO liberalism on CSR, but it does not significantly moderate the effect of CEO conservatism on downsizing. In a supplementary study using primary data from working professionals, we further explore the distinct mechanisms associated with these two personality traits. We find that narcissism relates strongly to individuals’ inflated perception of their discretion, whereas extraversion relates to their ability to sell an issue to others. Our study furthers research on managerial discretion by providing nuanced theory and evidence on innate sources of CEOs’ influence, and it enhances research on CEOs’ political ideology by spotlighting the dispositional boundary conditions of its effects on firms’ strategies.

scholarly journals Linkage between ABO Blood Type and Occupation: Evidence from Japanese Politicians and Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Masayuki Kanazawa
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Taiwanese People ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
The Relationship

In Asian countries, e.g., Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan, many studies on the relationship between ABO blood type and personality have been conducted. Recently, it has been estimated that more than half of Japanese, Korean and Taiwanese people feel that this relationship is legitimate. Therefore, when data from these countries are used in personality tests, it is theoretically difficult to eliminate the effects of the “contamination of knowledge,” even if differences are found. To avoid this issue, this study examined the linkage between ABO blood type and occupations in Japan. The results showed that personality traits corresponding to blood type appeared in the data of each of the three groups of politicians and athletes, and all differences were statistically significant. We observed a clear and significant relationship between blood type and personality. Additionally, it is also necessary to consider the influence of social background.

Conclusion

Capital Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Family Organization ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the authors take a larger view and explore how different constellations of family organization have affected the position of women in societies across the Eurasian landmass. We discuss the recent contribution to the literature by Dennison and Ogilvie and provide our take on their work. A statistical analysis is conducted to see how significant the relationship between the position of women and economic development is as well as how family organization has affected the position of women. The conclusion is that family arrangements influence the position of women and that the position of women is an important determinant of economic development.

The Relationship Between Appearance-Related Stress and Internalizing Problems in South Korean Adolescent Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Policy Institute ◽  
The Relationship

I examined the relationship between appearance-related stress and internalizing problems in adolescent girls in South Korea. A total of 1,320 girls who were beginning Grade 4 (M age = 9.8) were assessed annually for 5 years. I conducted an analysis using a cross-lagged autoregressive model and 5 waves of longitudinal data from the Korea Youth Panel Study carried out by the National Youth Policy Institute (2008), a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. Appearance-related stress experienced during Grade 5 was found to cause problems of internalization in Grade 6, and problems of internalization in Grades 6 and 7 was found to induce appearance-related stress in Grades 7 and 8 (M age = 13.8), respectively. The social pressure that young women in South Korea face to maintain a certain type of appearance is discussed in a cultural context.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Factors, Anger-hostility, and Alcohol and Violence in Men and Women: A Nationally Representative Cohort of 15,701 Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097817
Author(s):  
Roland M. Jones ◽  
Marianne Van Den Bree ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Pamela J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol consumption is known to have a disinhibiting effect and is associated with a higher likelihood of aggressive behavior, especially among men. People with certain personality traits maybe more likely to behave aggressively when intoxicated, and there may also be variation by gender. We aimed to investigate whether the reason why men and women with certain personality traits are more likely to engage in violence may be because of their alcohol use. The Big Five personality traits and anger-hostility, alcohol consumption, and violence were measured by questionnaire in 15,701 nationally representative participants in the United States. We tested the extent to which alcohol mediates the relationship between personality factors and violence in men and women. We found that agreeableness was inversely associated with violence in both genders. Alcohol mediated approximately 11% of the effect in males, but there was no evidence of an effect in females. Anger-hostility was associated with violence in both sexes, but alcohol mediated the effect only in males. We also found that Extraversion was associated with violence and alcohol use in males and females. Alcohol accounted for 15% of the effect of extraversion on violence in males and 29% in females. The mechanism by which personality traits relate to violence may be different in men and women. Agreeableness and anger-hostility underpin the relationship between alcohol and violence in men, but not in women. Reducing alcohol consumption in men with disagreeable and angry/hostile traits would have a small but significant effect in reducing violence, whereas in women, reducing alcohol consumption among the extraverted, would have a greater effect.

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