scholarly journals An Implicit Stereotype of the Rich and Its Relation to Psychological Connectedness

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Jiang Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Fang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Rich

This study investigates people's implicit stereotype of the social group of the rich in terms of competence and warmth. We further examine the stereotype's relationship with temporal selves. Implicit Association Tests were used as measures of implicit social perception in a social comparison context. We also rated the degree of psychological connectedness between current and possible future selves across time. Our results demonstrate that the rich are implicitly perceived as having high levels of competence and low levels of warmth compared to the average person, and that a close psychological connectedness mitigates the negative perception of the rich. The implications and limitations of these findings are also discussed.

scholarly journals Potrzeba rekonceptualizacji wczesnośredniowiecznych pochówków „wampirów” z ziem polskich

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Olga Dec
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macro Scale

The aim of the article is to outline the need to reconceptualized the early medieval burials of “vampires” from Poland. These burials are understood as the remains of the so-called “anti- vampire” practices resulting from the social perception of bad death. These, in turn, are recognized as a socio-religious phenomenon, the assumption of which was to postpone the evil actions of the ‘vampire’ by means of certain measures. Due to doubts about the term “vampire”, concerning both the linguistic sphere and the cultural and historical realities, it is suggested not to use it. The proposed alternative, more precise terms would therefore be the terms “returning dead” or “(un)dead”. Another issue raised is the setting of ‘anti-vampire’ burials in an atypical framework. “Anti-vampirical” burials meet the criteria of atypicality on a macro scale, however, it is possible to consider them typical, assuming that they functioned in the culture of Western Slavs in the early Middle Ages as belonging to a specific social group.

scholarly journals Pedagogy around graffiti

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (4 (37)) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Bogusław Śliwerski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
School Environments ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type

In this article graffiti is perceived as the art of living with images operated by young artists. The author draws attention to the fact that this art does not only have a negative perception of character, and thus also a social perception (reception). There is explained what the polarization effect of two neighboring generations of graffiti artists in the social space is - open and hidden, in which a presented group of artists tries to manifest their position and presence. Is it worth talking about graffiti in pedagogy in social sciences? The author analyzes it (graffiti) which may not penetrate the structures of life of the young generation, their school, and out-of-school environments, and what does not become the source of rebellion and also a way for establishing a new type of social and educational relationship.

scholarly journals Linguistic Identity with Special Reference to Western Hindi Dialects

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Pallav Vishnu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Culture And Language

Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in their native tongues, even if they share no other common heritage. Linguistic identity gets trickier when you’re talking about two people who may share linguistic bonds but come from mutually hostile ethnic groups. With racial and ethnic identity, linguistic identity does not exist in isolation; it is frequently yet one more facet of how a person identifies. There’s what we might call “reverse linguistic identity.” As Boas demonstrated over a century ago, everyone has at least three independent identities: race (in the traditional, not the anthropological sense), culture, and language. Language (or linguistic) identity   take to mean the speech community with which someone is identified. This is probably always a historical phenomenon, either of birth or of personal choice. Most subjects to personal choice are culture and language, for instance, a given person identifies with, or belongs to a particular culture, and speaks a particular language. These identities may be due to birth or socialization, or they may be the result of a deliberate choice NOT to identify with the language and culture of birth. Linguistic identities are double-edged swords because, while functioning in a positive and productive way to give people a sense of belonging, they do so by defining an “us” in opposition to a “them” that becomes all too easy to demonize. All identity markers of a social group together constitute the “culture” or cultural identity of the social group. Therefore, the loss of one marker does not automatically entails the loss of cultural identity. Given the rich multilingual tradition of India where languages act as facilitators rather than as barriers in communication, one hopes that as linguistic identity. This paper is a case study of the author’s inferences regarding the Western Hindi dialects analysis.

The Making of Gangnam: Social Construction and Identity of Urban Place in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yooil Bae ◽  
Yu-Min Joo
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Socioeconomic Segregation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Construction Of Place

Amid a globally increasing trend of urban segregation, this article asks why a particular urban place, the Gangnam area in the city of Seoul, has come to symbolize the rich and the powerful, consolidating both socioeconomic segregation and political conservatism in a short span of time. While different approaches exist that partially explain Gangnam’s luxurious lifestyles, fervent real estate speculation, obsession with education, and political conservatism, this article seeks to provide a holistic explanation for the rise of Gangnam and draws particular attention to the social construction of place identity. Based on the analysis of historically and contextually grounded evidence, imaginations, and cognitive scaling of different stakeholders, it suggests bidirectional formations of self–other and present–future identities, highlighting the sociopsychological aspects of place identity formation. Specifically, it explains political conservatism as the attempts of Gangnam residents to sustain the area’s entrance barrier and pass on their exclusivity to future selves and children.

scholarly journals Beyond Smiles: Static Expressions in Maxillary Protrusion and Associated Positivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Chen ◽  
Jiuhui Jiang ◽  
Xingshan Li ◽  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Kevin B. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Smiles play an important role in social perception. However, it is unclear whether a similar role is played by static facial features associated with smiles (e.g., stretched mouth and visible teeth). In dental science, maxillary dental protrusions increase the baring of the teeth and thus produce partial facial features of a smile even when the individual is not choosing to smile, whereas mandibular dental protrusions do not. We conducted three experiments to assess whether individuals ascribe positive evaluations to these facial features, which are not genuine emotional expressions. In Experiment 1, participants viewed facial photographs of maxillary and mandibular protrusions and indicated the smiling and emotional status of the faces. The results showed that, while no difference was observed in participants’ perception of the presence of a smile across both types of dental protrusion, participants felt more positive to faces with maxillary than mandibular protrusions. In Experiment 2, participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) test measuring implicit attitudes toward faces with maxillary vs. mandibular protrusions. The results showed that participants had more positive attitude toward faces with maxillary than mandibular protrusions. In Experiment 3, individuals with either maxillary or mandibular protrusions completed the same IAT test to assess whether any preference would be affected by in-group/out-group preferences. The results showed both groups had more positive attitudes toward faces with maxillary protrusion, indicating that this preference is independent of the group effect. These findings suggest that facial features associated with smiles are viewed positively in social situations. We discuss this in terms of the social-function account.

Integrative focus on dynamic motor patterns and age hierarchy in the expression of aggression

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448
Author(s):  
Thomas Nathaniel ◽  
Mufutau Aremu ◽  
Femi Olajuyigbe ◽  
Christopher Chima
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Aggression Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Attack And Defense

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the dynamic motor patterns of attack or defense and age hierarchy to investigate aggression in African mole-rats Cryptomys foxi and the house mouse Mus musculus. The objective is to verify if the social order of dominance is associated with age hierarchy within the social group. Using the resident-intruder experimental model, we created a series of dyadic encounters that comprised of a standard adult mouse or rat paired with groups of aggressive and hierarchically age-ranked small animals in a territorial aggression test. Our results indicate that though the adult animals displayed the highest level of aggression, indicating their dominant status, there was no age-related hierarchical formation in the expression of aggression. In the non-territorial aggression test in which rats or mice were grouped together, animals displayed low levels of aggression compared to the territorial test and no hierarchical age-related order. These results indicate that the magnitude of aggression expressed by animals in the social group, based on their motor patterns of attack and defense, seem to depend on individual competitive strategies in reaction to various environmental challenges and not necessarily on age hierarchy.

scholarly journals Social perception of private owners of the production means in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Enterprises

The main markers of social perception of private owners by the Ukrainian population are the content of private property and the form of personal involvement of private owners in production. The research objective was to analyse the social perceptions determinants of private owners of enterprises and land. Using the data of a sociological survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in August 2019, private owners’ social perceptions of the production means with different forms of management were analysed: small enterprises, large enterprises, land cultivated by the owner’s family, land cultivated by hired workers. The owners of small enterprises and the owners of land cultivated by their families enjoy greater sympathy among the Ukrainian population than owners of large enterprises and owners of land cultivated by hired workers. However, even in the case of the last two categories of private owners, positive feelings outweigh negative ones. The methods of binary logistic regression used in this research, reveal that the social perceptions of the private owners of the production means are largely consistent with social status, an ability to adapt to a market economy, and relevant value-ideological beliefs. The negative perception of private owners depends on the type of production means. In particular, respondents’ negative feelings about large enterprises owners and landowners who use hired labour are determined by the support of a planned economy and the rejection of liberal values. The impact of an external locus of control of the respondents became decisive in the negative perception of small business owners. Negative feelings about landowners who cultivate the land themselves are evident in respondents with low levels of education. Positive feelings in all cases are conditioned by the respondents’ support of liberal and mixed type of economy, their positive perception of liberal values, adaptability to market conditions, high level of education and wealthy financial situation. Neutral feelings towards private owners of all categories are evident among respondents who are undecided about the type of economy.

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

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