Analysis of Multiple Birth Rates in Japan. II. Secular Trend and Effect of Birth Order, Maternal Age, and Gestational Age in Stillbirth Rate of Twins

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Akio Asaka ◽  
Eiji Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Mz Twins

Stillbirth rates of MZ and DZ twins in Japan gradually decreased during the period 1960–1967 and in 1974. The stillbirth rates of MZ and DZ twins were 0.270 and 0.224 in 1960, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures in 1974 were 0.135 and 0.099. The stillbirth rate was higher in MZ than DZ twins, in males than females, and in the second- than in the first-born. In both zygosities, the rates were higher in the first birth order than in the second, and then increased with birth order except in the sixth birth or more for MZ twins and for DZ twins born to mothers aged 35–39 years. The shorter the gestational age, the higher the stillbirth rate in both MZ and DZ twins, as expected. Mean gestational age was slightly shorter in MZ than in DZ twins. The decrease of the stillbirth rates can be explained partly by the reduction of twins with higher birth order, where high stillbirth rates of MZ and DZ twins are seen, and the reduction of older mothers.

Analysis of Multiple Birth Rates in Japan.1. Secular Trend, Maternal Age Effect, and Geographical Variation in Twinning Rates

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi ◽  
Eiji Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Married Woman ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Maternal Age Effect ◽  
Mz Twins

Mean twin, triplet, and quadruplet birth rates in Japan from 1951 to 1968 were 6.41, 0.056, and 0.00094 per 1,000, respectively. In 1974 the corresponding figures were 5.83, 0.059, and 0.00329. No quintuplets were born in the former period, but a set was born in the latter year, the rate being 0.47 per million. From 1955 to 1966 the MZ twinning rate increased slightly, but decreased thereafter. This increase was limited to live-born MZ twins, particularly in the higher maternal age groups. The DZ twinning rate declined in the entire period, particularly in higher maternal age groups. This decline appeared to be essentially limited to fetal deaths. Among live births the MZ twinning rate underwent a nearly linear increase with maternal age, whereas the DZ twinning rate attained a mode in the maternal age group 35–39 years. The MZ and the DZ twinning rates among fetal deaths by maternal age had unimodal distributions with modes in maternal age groups 25–29 and 30–34 years, respectively. As to the DZ twinning rate, a geographical cline was noted, with a high rate in the northeast of Japan; the rate was positively correlated with latitude, which also positively correlated with the presence of multiple births among relatives. A negative but nonsignificant correlation was seen between the DZ twinning rate and the proportion of mothers treated with ovulation-inducing hormone. The proportion was higher in mothers of unlike-sexed twins than in those of like-sexed twins and in mothers of triplets than in those of twins. An association between DZ twinning rate and age-specific fertility per married woman is suggested to exist among higher maternal age groups in the northeast part of Japan in earlier years.

Stillbirth Rate and Weight at Birth of Quintuplets in Japan

1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
The Mean

AbstractNation-wide data in Japan on births and prenatal deaths of 16 sets of quintuplets during 1974-1985 were analysed. Among the 16 sets, 3 sets were liveborn, 8 were stillborn, and 5 were mixed, with a stillbirth rate of 0.64 (51/80). Effects of sex, maternal age and birth order on the stillbirth rate were not considered because of the small sample size. Effects of gestational age and birthweight on stillbirth rate were also examined. The mean weight of the 40 quintuplet individuals was 1,048 g.

scholarly journals Twinning and Multiple Birth Rates According to Maternal Age in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: 2003–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Otta ◽  
Eloisa de S. Fernandes ◽  
Tiziana G. Acquaviva ◽  
Tania K. Lucci ◽  
Leda C. Kiehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

The present study investigates the twinning rates in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during the years 2003–2014. The data were drawn from the Brazilian Health Department database of Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos de São Paulo—SINASC (Live Births Information System of São Paulo). In general, more information is available on the incidence of twinning in developed countries than in developing ones. A total of 24,589 twin deliveries and 736 multiple deliveries were registered in 140 hospitals of São Paulo out of a total of 2,056,016 deliveries during the studied time period. The overall average rates of singleton, twin, and multiple births per 1,000 maternities (‰) were 987.43, 11.96 (dizygotic (DZ) rate was 7.15 and monozygotic (MZ) 4.42), and 0.36, respectively. We further regressed maternal age and historical time period on percentage of singleton, twin, and multiple birth rates. Our results indicated that maternal age strongly positively predicted twin and multiple birth rates, and negatively predicted singleton birth rates. The historical time period also positively, although weakly, predicted twin birth rates, and had no effect on singleton or multiple birth rates. Further, after applying Weinberg's differential method, we computed regressions separately for the estimated frequencies of DZ and MZ twin rates. DZ twinning was strongly positively predicted by maternal age and, to a smaller degree, by time period, while MZ twinning increased marginally only with higher maternal age. Factors such as increasing body mass index or air pollution can lead to the slight historical increase in DZ twinning rates. Importantly, consistent with previous cross-cultural and historical research, our results support the existence of an age-dependent physiological mechanism that leads to a strong increase in twinning and multiple births, but not singleton births, among mothers of higher age categories. From the ultimate perspective, twinning and multiple births in later age can lead to higher individual reproductive success near the end of the reproductive career of the mother.

Triplets and Higher Order Multiple Births in Japan

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

AbstractMultiple birth rates in entire Japan were analyzed using vital statistics for 1951 to 1988. The triplet rate was nearly constant from 1951 to 1974, where the rate per million births was 58, then increased with the year up to 1982 (104), and decreased up to 1984, and suddenly increased thereafter (109 in 1987). The average rate of quadruplets per million births from 1951 to 1968 was 0.93, then increased with the year up to 1975 (7.5), and decreased until 1984 and suddenly increased thereafter (10.6 in 1987). The rate of quintuplets was 0.77 per million births during the period from 1975 to 1987. The higher multiple birth rate since 1975 was attributed to the higher proportion of mothers treated with ovulation-inducing hormones in Japan. Since 1985, higher multiple birth rates might be partially attributed to in vitro fertilization. The stillbirth rates for male triplets gradually decreased from 1960 to 1978 and thereafter remained constant at a little higher level except in 1988, whereas the rates for females gradually decreased with the year. The overall stillbirth rates decreased to 1/4 for triplets and to 1/5 for quadruplets during the 37-year period from 1951. The overall stillbirth rate of quintuplets was 0.60 (51/85) during the period 1975-1987.

The Non-Decline in U.S. Twin Birth Rates, 1964–1983

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Indirect Standardization ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Nearly Continuous

AbstractDetailed twin birth rates for the United States are unavailable since 1964. In 1983 the crude twinning rate for women of white race was higher than in 1964, but there had been great changes in maternal age and parity. Indirect standardization for maternal age and birth order provides estimated total twinning rates that can be compared over the entire period. The adjusted rates for whites show a nearly continuous increase except after a 2-year reporting hiatus, 1969-70, when rates dropped back 10%. In blacks the adjusted rate increased between 1966 and 1978, except for the 1968-71 shift. The distributions of rate increases by maternal age and by race argue against effects of medical ovulation stimulants, but a disproportionate increase of triplets argues for such effects. Study is needed of rates specific for maternal age and parity, rather than of total rates.

scholarly journals Status of Height in Children Aged 4 to 14 Years in Relation to Mid Parental Height- An Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Amin ◽  
Subrata Roy ◽  
Syed Zahid Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Female Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Parental Height

Introduction: The adult height of a growing child largely depends on the heredity. The present height status of a child can be determined by mid parental height. This study is an initial step to determine the status of height in children between 4 years to 14 years in relation to mid parental height. Objective: To assess the status of height in relation to parental height in children aged between 4 to 14 years and to assess other factors (birth order, number of younger siblings, gestational age at birth, birth weight, feeding in first six month of age, maternal age at child birth, maternal education, crowding, monthly family income and area of residence) that may influence height, other than parental height. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 children of age between 4 years to 14 years attending outpatient department and inpatient department of Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal from 1st March 2011 to 31st August 2011. Data were collected through interviewing with pre-designed questionnaire and anthropometry. Results: A total 100 children of 4 to 14 years of age were enrolled during the study period. Among them 46 were male and 54 were female. Among all the cases under study, 60 cases were appropriate in status of their height in relation to their parental height, whereas 20 cases were tall in status and another 20 cases were short in status in relation to their mid-parental height. Apparently, it seems both the tall and short cases were equal in number, but the mean of Z scores of all children under the study was -0.432 and median was -0.55 which indicates the overall loss of height. Higher maternal age, appropriate gestational age, higher birth weight, first birth order and higher maternal educational status came out to be having strong influence on higher height in relation to mid parental height while higher total family income had weaker influence. Conclusion: Height status of our country is almost static in condition, but there is slight inclination towards being shorter in future. Though very apparent but male children are in slight shorter while female children are apparently taller in status, which may be due to early age of puberty in case of female children. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(1) 2016: 72-78

scholarly journals Effectiveness of elective single versus double frozen embryo transfer in good prognosis IVF patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4203-4213
Author(s):  
Tran Ha Lan Thanh ◽  
Pham Hoang Huy ◽  
Do Thi Linh ◽  
Nguyen Minh Tai Loc ◽  
Nguyen Huu Duy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth ◽  
Double Embryo Transfer

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of elective single embryo transfer (eSET) versus double embryo transfer (DET) in frozen embryo transfer cycles following in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in good prognosis patients. The outcome would provide medical data for the multiple pregnancy rate reduction in IVF treatment. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed in patients undergoing the first frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles at IVF centers which belonged to the IVFMD Group, Vietnam, from January 2018 to May 2020. Patients were divided into four groups, based on the number of embryos transferred, as follows: Group 1: one good quality day-3 embryo (eSET D3), Group 2: one good quality day-5 embryo (eSET D5), Group 3: two good quality day-3 embryos (DET D3), and Group 4: two good quality day-5 embryos (DET D5). The primary outcome of the study was live birth rates (LBR) after the first FET. Secondary outcomes were also analyzed, including pregnancy outcomes (β-hCG positive, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage < 12 weeks, ongoing pregnancy 12 weeks, miscarriage < 20 weeks, and multiple birth rates [MBR]), as well as neonatal outcomes (birth weight and gestational age at birth). Results: There were 819 patients, of which 819 FET cycles were analyzed, including 132 eSET D3, 278 eSET D5, 140 DET D3, and 269 DET D5. LBR and MBR values were significantly lower in the eSET D3 group than in the DET D3 group (LBR: 22.7% vs 39.3%, p = 0.002; MBR: 3.3% vs 29.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). MBR was also significantly lower in eSET D5 compared with DET D5 (9.6% vs 38.3%, p < 0.001), while LBR was comparable between the two groups (41.4% vs 42.8%, p < 0.74). Birth weight and gestational age at birth were similar between eSET and DET, regardless of day-3 or day-5 embryo transfer. Conclusions: Among infertile, good prognosis women undergoing FET, the eSET significantly decreased multiple birth rates compared with double embryo transfer, while still sustaining an acceptable rate of live birth as well as pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Maternal Age and Temporal Effects on Stillbirth Rates

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Fellman ◽  
Aldur W. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Official Data

AbstractStillbirth rates among single and multiple births show markedly decreasing temporal trends. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that the stillbirth rates are dependent on maternal age, in general, showing a U- or J-shaped association with maternal age. In this study, the temporal trends in and the effect of maternal age on the stillbirth rate were considered simultaneously. Our goal was to split the variation into temporal trends and maternal age effects. We applied two-dimensional analysis of variance because no linear association between maternal age and stillbirth rate can be assumed. The temporal trends of stillbirth rates also were not clearly linear. However, the possibility of applying regression analyses based on linear time trends was also considered. Our study is mainly based on official data from England and Wales for the period between 1927 and 2004. These results were compared with registered birth data from Finland between 1937 and 1997. The best fit was obtained when the models were built for the logarithm of the stillbirth rate. Our interpretation of this result is that an association exists between the effects of the factors and the mean stillbirth rate, and consequently, a multiplicative model was applied. Relatively high stillbirth rates were observed among twin births of young mothers and among all births of older mothers.

scholarly journals Changes in Multiple Birth Rates and Parental Demographic Factors in South Korea During the Last Four Decades: 1981–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yoon-Mi Hur
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Birth Data

Abstract Over the previous decades, twinning rates worldwide have increased remarkably. This study aimed to describe changes in multiple birth rates and related demographic characteristics, such as maternal age and the level of education of parents in South Korea from 1981 to 2019. This study analyzed birth data obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service. From 1981 to 2019, the total twinning rate increased from 5 to 22.5 pairs per 1000 births. This rapid increase was due to an increase in dizygotic twin births, which mainly occurred in mothers aged between 30 and 39 years. The average maternal age of multiples increased from 26.06 years in 1981 to 33.98 years in 2019, suggesting that a delay in childbearing contributed to the increase in the twinning rate. The percentage of mothers of multiples who completed a college or higher degree (CHD) increased by 1000% from 1981 to 2019, indicating that a sharp increase in the level of education of females in part explains the delay in childbearing. The percentages of individuals who completed a CHD were higher among parents of multiples than among those of singletons in recent years when public funding arrangements for fertility treatments were available. This result suggested that completion of higher education may be associated with increased use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) independent of the financial status of couples. Taken together, the analysis suggested that increased maternal age, ART and the increased number of females who completed CHD may be responsible for the remarkable increase in the rates of multiple births in South Korea in the last four decades.

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