Peace Corps Training for Africa

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Brokensha
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Most of the Fellows of the African Studies Association have participated in at least one Peace Corps training program, so that they have an interest in, and opinions on, this subject. The present article summarizes the major factors of training programs, outlines the main characteristics of the projects in Africa and of the volunteers, and then considers some aspects of the relationship between the Peace Corps and the universities. Finally, there is a detailed summary of all Peace Corps training programs for Africa, from the first one in June 1961 through the summer of 1965. Forty-four different universities, colleges, or other organizations have produced 132 programs for 19 different African countries, and some 6,000 volunteers have successfully completed the training and gone to serve with the Peace Corps in Africa (the usual service period spent in Africa is two years). The first step in the establishment of a training program is a discussion between an interested university and the Training Division of the Peace Corps, followed by a series of negotiations which culminate in a formal contract. The contract specifies the duration of the program, the number and educational background of trainees, the faculty who will participate, the details of phases of training, and the country and project for which the trainees are being prepared. An important part of the contract is the budget, the cost generally being a little more than $200 per trainee per week.

scholarly journals Master Gardening at a Distance

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 592A-592
Author(s):  
David H. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Interactive Video ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Master Gardener ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Video Format

Master Gardener was taught by distance learning through the Mississippi Community College Network (CCN) in 1995 and 1996. Specialists delivered information from a studio on campus while the Master Gardeners were in classrooms in Clarksdale, Fulton, and Moorhead. The interactive video format was well accepted by most of the clientele. Specialists appreciated having to present each lecture once rather than traveling to each location and deliver each topic three times. The use of interactive video is currently being reevaluated due to two major factors: the increased use of CCN by Community Colleges has made scheduling the required weekly 4-hour block very difficult; and, the cost-ineffective method for delivering the training. Current Master Gardener training programs in Mississippi are being implemented through traditional classroom and field methods.

scholarly journals Training with Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing Injury Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0034
Author(s):  
Peter Chalmers ◽  
Rocco Bassora ◽  
Chris Inzerillo ◽  
Andrew Beharrie ◽  
Anthony Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Baseball Pitcher ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of increased injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a baseball pitcher-training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing injury risk. The author’s hypothesized that the training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity without causing injuries during the training program to the participants Methods: All baseball pitchers who participated in a 15-week pitching mechanic and velocity training program were included. Training program was broken down into three phases, and each participant went through the same program. Lighter balls (4oz and 3oz) and standard baseballs (5oz) were utilized as part of the training program. Weighted (heavier) balls were not used. Velocity was measured at four time points throughout the program. Injury rates for all players were recorded throughout the entire program. Results: 48 male pitchers aged 10-17 (average age: 14.7 +/- 1.8) years started the program and 44 had complete data and were included in the analysis. No pitcher sustained a baseball-related injury while participating in the training program (one player broke his ankle playing basketball, one player moved, one did not have baseline velocity data, and one experienced biceps soreness after participating in back to back showcases against recommendations). Fastball velocity increased by an average of 4.8mph (95% confidence intervals 4.1 - 5.5mph). Overall 43/44 players (98%) had an increase in fastball velocity over the course of the program. Conclusions: A 15-week baseball pitcher-training program with lighter baseballs significantly improved pitching velocity without significantly increasing injuries. Lighter baseballs should be considered instead of weighted baseballs when attempting to increase a pitcher’s velocity.

scholarly journals Training With Lighter Baseballs Increases Velocity Without Increasing the Injury Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712091050
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Rocco Bassora ◽  
Christopher Inzerillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Single Location ◽  
The Cost

Background: Pitch velocity has become an increasingly popular metric by which pitchers are graded and compared. Training programs that utilize weighted balls have been effective in increasing velocity but at the cost of an increased injury risk. No studies have evaluated training with lighter baseballs with regard to increasing pitch velocity and the injury risk. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing the injury risk to participants. We hypothesized that a training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity but not increase the injury risk. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All baseball pitchers who participated in a 15-week program at a single location, with the same coaches, and aimed to improve pitching mechanics and increase velocity were included. The training program was broken down into 3 phases, and each participant went through the same program. Lighter baseballs (3 and 4 oz) and standard baseballs (5 oz) were utilized as part of the training program. Weighted (heavier) balls were not used. Velocity was measured at 4 time points throughout the program with the pitcher throwing 5 fastballs using a standard 5-oz ball at maximum velocity (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Injuries for all players were recorded throughout the entire program. Results: A total of 44 male pitchers aged 10 to 17 years (mean age, 14.7 ± 1.8 years) completed the training program and were available for analysis. No pitcher sustained a shoulder or elbow injury during the course of the training program. Fastball velocity increased by a mean of 4.8 mph (95% CI, 4.0-5.6 mph) ( P < .001). Overall, 43 of 44 players (98%) had an increase in fastball velocity over the course of the program. Conclusion: A 15-week pitching training program with lighter baseballs significantly improved pitching velocity without causing any injuries, specifically to the shoulder or elbow. Lighter baseballs should be considered as an alternative to weighted baseballs when attempting to increase a pitcher’s velocity.

Neo-colonialism in Africa and the Cases of Turkey and Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Segell
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Africa is suffering from neo-colonialism for the same reasons that it suffered from colonialism. Neo-colonialism is the regressive impact of unregulated forms of aid, trade and foreign direct investment; and the collaboration of African leaders with foreign leaders to ensure that the interests of both are met with little concern for the development, sustainability and poverty reduction and wellbeing in African countries. The relationship is asymmetrical or at the cost of African states and their people, who are dependent rather that inter-dependent and do not profit through development or sustainability. They face destruction of their culture, religion and education through continued advancement of foreign culture, religion and language to supplant the African and growing radicalisation of the population. This is elaborated thematically under four headings: Africa the colonial dream, the emergence of neo-colonialism, the proponents of neo-colonialism and the element of religion. Evidence of Middle East states are shown as neo-colonialists in Africa discussed under the cases of Turkey and Iran. The motivation of the former is for the purposes of economics and the latter is for the purposes of religion. Both benefit also through status by projecting their influence as growing global actors. The breakdown of African nations rather than their positive construction and development is increasingly visible. The conclusions are that neo-colonialism is active.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

70. Supporting IMG integration into residency trainings

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
S. Glover Takahashi ◽  
M. Alameddine ◽  
D. Martin ◽  
S. Verma ◽  
S. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
Personal Wellness

This paper is describes the design, development, implementation and evaluation of a preparatory training program for international medical trainees. The program was offered for one week full time shortly before they begin their residency training programs. First the paper reports on the survey and focus groups that guided the learning objectives and the course content. Next the paper describes the curriculum development phase and reports on the topical themes, session goals and objectives and learning materials. Three main themes emerged when developing the program: understanding the educational, health and practice systems in Canada; development of communication skills; and supporting personal success in residency training including self assessment, reflection and personal wellness. Sample lesson plans and handouts from each of the theme areas are illustrated. The comprehensive evaluation of the sessions and the overall program is then also described. The paper then summarizes the identified key issues and challenges in the design and implementation of a preparatory training program for international medical trainees before they begin their residency training programs. Allan GM, Manca D, Szafran O, Korownyk C. Workforce issues in general surgery. Am Surg. 2007 Feb; 73(2):100-8. Dauphinee, WD. The circle game: understanding physician migration patterns within Canada. Acad Med. 2006 (Dec); 81(12 Suppl):S49-54. Spike NA. International medical graduates: the Australian perspective. Academic Medicine. 2006 (Sept); 81(9):842-6.

52. Simulation based training improves resident competence in the performance of critical resuscitation procedures

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
I. Rigby ◽  
I. Walker ◽  
T. Donnon ◽  
D. Howes ◽  
J. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Procedural Skills ◽  
Simulation Based

We sought to assess the impact of procedural skills simulation training on residents’ competence in performing critical resuscitation skills. Our study was a prospective, cross-sectional study of residents from three residency training programs (Family Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine) at the University of Calgary. Participants completed a survey measuring competence in the performance of the procedural skills required to manage hemodynamic instability. The study intervention was an 8 hour simulation based training program focused on resuscitation procedure psychomotor skill acquisition. Competence was criterion validated at the Right Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter Insertion station by an expert observer using a standardized checklist (Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) format). At the completion of the simulation course participants repeated the self-assessment survey. Descriptive Statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Paired Sample t-test statistical tools were applied to the analyze the data. Thirty-five of 37 residents (9 FRCPC Emergency Medicine, 4 CCFP-Emergency Medicine, 17 CCFP, and 5 Internal Medicine) completed both survey instruments and the eight hour course. Seventy-two percent of participants were PGY-1 or 2. Mean age was 30.7 years of age. Cronbach’s alpha for the survey instrument was 0.944. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was 0.69 (p < 0.001) for relationship between Expert Assessment and Self-Assessment. The mean improvement in competence score pre- to post-intervention was 6.77 (p < 0.01, 95% CI 5.23-8.32). Residents from a variety of training programs (Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Family Medicine) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in competence with critical resuscitation procedural skills following an intensive simulation based training program. Self-assessment of competence was validated using correlation data based on expert assessments. Dawson S. Procedural simulation: a primer. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17(2.1):205-13. Vozenilek J, Huff JS, Reznek M, Gordon JA. See one, do one, teach one: advanced technology in medical education. Acad Emerg Med. 2004; 11(11):1149-54. Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, Glick S. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med. 2003; 78(8):783-8.

PRACTICAL BASE OF FORMULATING RETRAINING PROGRAMS ON ETHNIC MINORITY AFFAIRS KNOWLEDGE FOR CADRES, CIVIL SERVANTS UP TO 2030

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Dung ◽  
Giang Khac Binh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Political System ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
The Political ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past

As developing programs is the core in fostering knowledge on ethnic work for cadres and civil servants under Decision No. 402/QD-TTg dated 14/3/2016 of the Prime Minister, it is urgent to build training program on ethnic minority affairs for 04 target groups in the political system from central to local by 2020 with a vision to 2030. The article highlighted basic issues of practical basis to design training program of ethnic minority affairs in the past years; suggested solutions to build the training programs in integration and globalization period.

Classification of the factors forming the cost of the web-site

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
E. S. Epifanov
Keyword(s):  
Web Site ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Web

This article presents a classification of major factors that shape the cost of Internet site. Also discusses the limitations in determining the objectives of the web site; advantages and disadvantages of different factors.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

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