Political Ideology and Subjective Culture: Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorand B. Szalay ◽  
Rita Mae Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Behavioral Organization ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Free Word ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Ideology and subjective culture are examined as two systems of behavioral organization well known for their hidden but frequently powerful influences on political choices and behavior. After a brief sketch of a representational theory of behavioral organization, a research strategy based on inferences drawn from the distribution of thousands of free word associations is described and illustrated with results from several international studies. Findings on Slovenian images and frame of reference demonstrate the effects of Marxist doctrines. Korean and American data illustrate differences that are predominantly psychocultural. The analytic method outlined suggests new capabilities for studying ideology and its influence on people's perceptions, their system of representation of the world, and their organization of behavior. It may be used to assess predispositions to adopt democratic principles and procedures. It might also be used to assess the influence of ideological doctrines and their degree of integration with the cultural views and frame of reference. The most natural use will probably be in research in the field of international understanding and communication.

scholarly journals Intergroup and intragroup dimensions of COVID-19: A social identity perspective on social fragmentation and unity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams ◽  
Fanny Lalot ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Psychological Challenge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
People’S Perceptions

COVID-19 is a challenge faced by individuals (personal vulnerability and behavior), requiring coordinated policy from national government. However, another critical layer—intergroup relations—frames many decisions about how resources and support should be allocated. Based on theories of self and social identity uncertainty, subjective group dynamics, leadership, and social cohesion, we argue that this intergroup layer has important implications for people’s perceptions of their own and others’ situation, political management of the pandemic, how people are influenced, and how they resolve identity uncertainty. In the face of the pandemic, initial national or global unity is prone to intergroup fractures and competition through which leaders can exploit uncertainties to gain short-term credibility, power, or influence for their own groups, feeding polarization and extremism. Thus, the social and psychological challenge is how to sustain the superordinate objective of surviving and recovering from the pandemic through mutual cross-group effort.

Toward Islam Through Political Parties, Ideology, and Democracy: A Discourse Analysis on Turkey’s AK Party, Tunisian Ennahda, and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Md. Nazmul Islam ◽  
Yılmaz Bingöl ◽  
Israel Nyaburi Nyadera ◽  
Gershon Dagba
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Islamic Political Parties

This article aims to examine the legacy and policy of AK Party in Turkey, Ennahda’s political movement in Tunisia, and Jamaat-e-Islami (BJI) in Bangladesh, which is ostensibly identified with Islamic political ideology and acquainted with the world as a ‘moderate-conservative political Islam party.’ The study interrogates the nature, processes, and the characteristic features of the three countries’ administrative system, comparatively from three regions of the world, particularly from the Middle East and Europe region, Africa and Arab region, and the South Asian region. This study also highlights these political parties’ history, political ideology differences, and their practices reflective of democratic principles from a theoretical perspective on politics, policy, and philosophy. It also acknowledges whether the political development of Turkey from 2002 onward is feasible for Bangladeshi and Tunisian Islamic political parties to accept as a role model in their political arena.

scholarly journals Beyond Consensus: Democratic Element in ASEAN Plus Three Economic Cooperation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Eko NM Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Democratic Principles

ABSTRAKForum kerja sama keuangan ASEAN Plus Three (APT) telah menunjukkan kemajuan signifikan sebagai sebuah kerja sama regional. Hal ini terbukti dari beberapa perjanjian kerja sama yang disepakati dan diimplementasikan. Menariknya, kemajuan ini dicapai di tengah eksistensi berbagai sistem politik maupun ekonomi di kawasan tersebut; sebuah kondisi yang sering dijadikan alasan atas sulitnya proses demokratisisasi. Alhasil, selain menciptakan manfaat bagi ekonomi, kerja sama keuangan APT telah memfasilitasi pengenalan elemen-elemen demokrasi melalui inisiatif-inisiatif yang ada. Terkait hal ini, penelitian ini mencoba mengeksplorasi unsur-unsur demokrasi dalam inisiatif keuangan APT, khususnya pada inisiatif dukungan likuiditas regional, dan fasilitas penjaminan kredit. Penelitian mengungkap bahwa proses pengambilan keputusan kedua inisiatif tersebut telah mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip dasar demokrasi prosedural. Temuan awal juga menunjukkan bahwa adopsi prinsip-prinsip demokrasi prosedural dipicu oleh bisnis proses kedua inisiatif tersebut daripada perubahan ideologi politik di dalam negeri negara-negara anggota forum APT.Kata-kata kunci: ASEAN Plus Three, kerja sama keuangan, prinsip demokrasi, tata kelola regional. ABSTRACTThe ASEAN Plus Three (APT) financial cooperation forum has shown significant progress as regional cooperation. It could be seen from several cooperation agreements that were agreed upon and implemented. Interestingly, the progress made amid the existence of various political and economic systems in the region; a condition that often used as an excuse for the difficulty of the process of democratization. As a result, besides creating economic benefits, APT's financial cooperation has facilitated the introduction of elements of democracy through existing initiatives. Furthermore, this research tries to explore the elements of democracy in APT financial initiatives, especially in regional liquidity support initiatives and credit guarantee facilities. Research reveals that the decision-making process of the two initiatives has adopted the basic principles of procedural democracy. Preliminary findings also indicate that the adoption of the principles of procedural democracy was triggered by the business process of the two initiatives rather than changes in the political ideology within the APT forum member countries.Keywords: ASEAN Plus Three, financial cooperation, democratic principles, regional governance.

The Impact of Knowledge and Attitude of SGB Members Toward Adoption of Social Justice and Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1642-1663
Author(s):  
Austin Musundire ◽  
Rudzani Israel Lumadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
South African ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this literature study was to investigate the impact of the knowledge and attitude of School Governing Board (SGB) members towards adoption of social justice and democratic practices for quality education in South African public schools with special reference to the language policy. Findings indicated that that bias is still a challenge in the institutions of learning in South Africa in terms of the implementation of the language policy by the members of the SGB. It was also found that increasing the level knowledge of the members; SGB members regarding social justice and democratic principles and practices with special reference to the South African language policy will change their attitude and behavior geared towards improved implementation of the same policy. It is also concluded that effective implementation of change management models can also coordinate the link between knowledge development, change of attitude and behavior towards effective implementation strategies of the language policy.

scholarly journals Neuropolitics: Twenty years later

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Way

Neuropolitics is the intersection of neuroscience and political science, and it has the interdisciplinary goal of transforming both disciplines. This article reviews the past 20 years of work in the field, identifying its roots, some overarching themes—reactions to political attitudinal questions and candidates faces, identification of political ideology based on brain structure or reactivity to nonpolitical stimuli, and racial attitudes—and obstacles to its progress. I then explore the methodological and analytical advances that point the way forward for the future of neuropolitics. Although the field has been slow to develop compared with neurolaw and neuroeconomics, innovations look ripe for dramatically improving our ability to model political behaviors and attitudes in individuals and predict political choices in mass publics. The coming advancements, however, pose risks to our current norms of democratic deliberation, and academics need to anticipate and mitigate these risks.

Deskriptions- und Interpretationsprobleme beim psychologischen Erklären

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Bosshardt
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Empirical Generalizations ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractIn this paper, the descriptive information contained in empirical laws is contrasted with common-sense descriptions of situations and behavior. According to the Hempel-Oppenheim-Schema, explanation is, essentially, conceived as a matter of deductive reasoning in which the fact to be explained is subsumed under one (or more) empirically valid generalizations or laws. However, this kind of explanation is necessarily based on intuitive processes of diagnosis and interpretation. It is argued that these intuitive processes enable the scientist to formulate descriptive sentences which form the arguments of logically correct explanations. It is assumed that people produce common-sense descriptions of situation and behavior in correspondence with their subjective experience of other people's behavior and its determinants. In order to obtain intuitively adequate empirical generalizations and behavioral laws it is proposed that common-sense descriptions of behavior and situations should be integrated into the antecedent and/or consequent of laws. In such a research strategy the regularities between meaningfully interpreted situational and behavioral aspects can be studied.

scholarly journals MODELE AEMBC : PARAMETRES « POSITIONNEMENT RELIGIEUX ET ORIENTATIONS POLITIQUES » ET « SAVOIRS ACQUIS » DU FACTEUR CADRE DE REFERENCE : « APPRENANT » / AEMBC MODEL: PARAMETERS “RELIGIOUS POSITIONING AND POLITICAL ORIENTATIONS” AND “ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE” OF THE REFERENCE FRAMEWORK FACTOR: “LEARNING”

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Lahiala ◽  
Abderrahman El Fathi ◽  
Zakaria Charia ◽  
Abdelhamid Boulaksili
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
And Behavior

Le présent article fait partie des publications autour du modèle AEMBC, et met en relief deux paramètres du facteur « cadre de référence » relatif à la composante « Apprenant ». Il s’agit ici d’exposer les détails autour du paramètre « positionnement religieux et orientations politiques » qui agence le degré d’efficacité autour de quatre éléments : la tolérance, l’ouverture d’esprit, le débat prolifique et la gestion spatiotemporelle de la polémique. Le deuxième paramètre exposé dans le présent travail est « les savoirs acquis » construit autour de trois éléments : les connaissances, les compétences et les comportements. Il s’agit de mettre en relief les lignes qui définissent le degré d’efficacité de l’acte éducatif médiatisé basé sur la communication et qui sont proposées en termes de référence pour une bonne intégration des nouvelles dans l’enseignement. This article is part of the publications around the AEMBC model, and highlights two parameters of the “frame of reference” factor relating to the “Learner” component. It is a question here of exposing the details around the parameter “religious positioning and political orientations” which organizes the degree of effectiveness around four elements: tolerance, open-mindedness, prolific debate and spatiotemporal management of polemic. The second parameter exposed in this work is “acquired knowledge” built around three elements: knowledge, skills and behavior. This is to highlight the lines that define the degree of effectiveness of the mediated educational act based on communication and which are offered in terms of reference for a good integration of news in teaching. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Are There Ideological Differences in Intergroup Bias? Examining Liberal-Conservative (A)symmetries in Minimal Group Cognition and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ruisch ◽  
Rajen Alexander Anderson ◽  
Amy Rose Krosch
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
And Behavior

The liberal-conservative divide is one of the most contentious divisions in modern society. Several influential theoretical perspectives contend that this divide hinges primarily on orientations towards social groups, such that conservatives (versus liberals) generally tend to be more oriented towards protecting and benefitting their social “ingroups” (i.e., social groups to which they themselves belong), and exhibiting greater discrimination and aggression towards social “outgroups.” However, empirical support for this theoretical perspective has been mixed. We argue that the empirical stalemate that characterizes this area of research stems from inherent limitations of the research paradigm used by both sides of the debate: examining attitudes towards real-world social groups. Drawing on research and theory from the social identity literature, we propose a novel approach—using “minimal groups” (i.e., experimentally constructed groups)—to answer whether, when, and why ideological differences in intergroup bias may exist. In this Registered Report proposal, we describe pilot data that we have collected that provide new insights into this longstanding debate, documenting both ideological symmetries and asymmetries in intergroup cognition, and suggesting that ideological extremity may also independently play a role in driving intergroup bias. We then propose additional research to more decisively answer these questions. We believe that this research will help reconcile this longstanding debate and provide a deeper understanding of the psychological underpinnings of political ideology.

American Revolution: Sociocultural Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Vadim Rozin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Different Cultures

The article analyzes two approaches to explaining the American Revolution. The first belongs to Irina Zhezhko-Brown, who in her works examines the features and formation of social technologies created by the left in the United States, their application in the struggle for power, the transformation of the consciousness and behavior of social subjects, the emasculation of the original democratic principles and other social processes. Vadim Rozin, being not only a methodologist, but also a culturologist, outlines another explanation - culturological. At the same time, he puts forward a hypothesis according to which modernity is a complex double process of a parallel crisis of the culture of modernity and the emergence of “postculture”, which for the time being is manifested for researchers in the trends of sociality. The author of the article considers it necessary to consider the American Revolution by combining both approaches (from the point of view of social sciences and cultural studies), that is, to implement a sociocultural approach and discourse. For this, he first characterizes the social and cultural approaches separately. If the selection and characterization of culture presupposes procedures for comparing different cultures, analysis of the integrity of culture and an invariant vision of the world, then sociality is set by the processes of directed social change, management and power. Then, relying on the material of the reconstruction of the modern American revolution, which was proposed by I. Zhezhko-Brown, the author outlines a sociocultural explanation. In particular, he claims that the successes of the quiet and invisible for many “step-by-step American revolution” can be explained not only by effective social technology and the connivance of the ruling class, but also by the fact that guided social changes are taking place against the background of parallel processes of the completion of modernity and the formation of post-culture.

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