Costly Jobs: Trade-related Layoffs, Government Compensation, and Voting in U.S. Elections

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOTAM MARGALIT
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Income Assistance ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The U.S

Does globalization's impact on the labor market affect how people vote? I address this question using a new dataset based on plant-level data that measures the impact of foreign competition on the U.S. workforce over an 8-year period. Analyzing change in the president's vote share, I find that voters were substantially more sensitive to the loss of local jobs when it resulted from foreign competition, particularly from offshoring, than to job losses caused by other factors. Yet, I also find that between 2000 and 2004, the anti-incumbent effect of trade-related job losses was smaller in areas where the government certified more of the harmed workers to receive special job training and income assistance. The findings have implications for understanding the impact of international economic integration on voting behavior, as well as for assessing the electoral effect of government programs designed to compensate the losers from globalization.

Housing Prices and Government Approval: The Impact of Housing Booms on Left- and Right-Wing Governments in 16 Advanced Industrialized Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-185
Author(s):  
Sung Min Han ◽  
Mi Jeong Shin
Keyword(s):  
Housing Prices ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this article, we argue that rising housing prices increase voter approval of incumbent governments because such a rise increases personal wealth, which leads to greater voter satisfaction. This effect is strongest under right-wing governments because those who benefit from rising prices—homeowners—are more likely to be right-leaning. Non-homeowners, who are more likely to vote for left-leaning parties, will view rising housing prices as a disadvantage and therefore feel the government does not serve them well, which will mitigate the advantage to left-wing governments. We find support for our arguments using both macro-level data (housing prices and government approval ratings in 16 industrialized countries between 1960 and 2017) and micro-level data (housing prices and individuals’ vote choices in the United Kingdom using the British Household Panel Survey). The findings imply that housing booms benefit incumbent governments generally and right-wing ones in particular.

Any DNA to Declare? Regulating Offshore Access to Genetic Enhancement

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 179-213
Author(s):  
Maxwell J. Mehlman ◽  
Kirsten M. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Basketball Player ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
The Government ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The U.S

Imagine a world in which parents can genetically enhance their child's height so that he becomes a professional basketball player. Or imagine a law school student preparing for the bar who takes out an extra loan to genetically enhance his intelligence. What if going to your physician for a routine physical included the option of genetically enhancing any trait you desired? And what if such a practice was expensive and, therefore, only available to the privileged members of society? Is this desirable or should the U.S. government ban genetic enhancement? What if the government bans it and citizens travel abroad to receive genetic enhancement treatments? Can the U.S. government do anything to prevent access to illegal genetic enhancement abroad?

scholarly journals LEGAL CERTAINTY CHANNELING FUNDS RURAL AGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AGRIBUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asril Tinambunan ◽  
Martin Roestamy
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
To Receive

One of the government programs in overcoming the limited access of farmers to capital is through the Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP). However, in the implementation there are irregularities that have impeded of the PUAP Program so as to create legal uncertainty. The purpose of this research is to know the mechanism of distribution, management and development of legal institution of Micro Finance Institution of Agribusiness (MFI-A). The research method used is the sociological juridical approach to find out the mechanism of channeling PUAP funds and the development of MFI-A. This research is also supported by normative approach on the data of legal material in the form of Law Number 19 of 2013 and Act Number 1 of 2013. The mechanism of distributing PUAP funding that is just, effective and targeted is done by selection and verification. Selection is done by selecting Gapoktan to be nominated to receive PUAP. Furthermore, field verification conducted by the District Technical Team. Management of MFI-A as development of Gapoktan saving and loan business unit is done by developing LKM-A product, managing risk, establishing organizational structure and SOP, and using information and computerization system. The form of legal entity in the future for the most suitable MFI-A is a savings and loan cooperative.Keywords: Legal Certainty, PUAP, Gapoktan, and MFI-A

Organizational Form and Trade Liberalization: Plant-Level Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John (Jianqiu) Bai
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Core Competency ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aggregate Industry

This paper studies how firms’ internal organization shapes the impact of international trade. Using establishment-level data from the U.S. Census and a difference-in-difference specification, I find that, relative to standalone firms, conglomerates are more likely to restructure after trade liberalization episodes, focusing on their core competency and improving firm productivity and product market performance. Adjustments through the extensive margin account for the majority of the productivity growth differential between conglomerates and standalones experiencing trade shocks. Aggregate industry productivity remains relatively unchanged in industries dominated by conglomerates’ core business but decreases significantly in others. My findings suggest that firms’ internal organization has important consequences on the effects of trade policies. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

scholarly journals Import Liberalization of Intermediates and Environment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yun He ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Composition ◽  
Level Lowering

This paper investigates how the import liberalization of intermediates affects firm-level pollution emissions. We divide the impact of freer import of intermediates on pollution emissions into induced scale, composition and technique effects and then develop interaction terms to examine these effects. Relying on a panel of plant-level data from China manufacturing sector for the period 2001 to 2007, we find freer import of intermediate inputs is conducive to pollution reductions at the plant level, lowering pollution via induced technique and composition effects and, in turn, increasing emission through induced scale effect. In summary, import liberalization of intermediate inputs can contribute to the better environmental performance of China manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT UNTUK PENENTUAN PENERIMA BANSOS KEPADA MASYARAKAT TERDAMPAK COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Dian Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Product Method ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

Since Covid 19 attacked Indonesia, almost all sectors have been affected. In the education sector, which requires students to study from home (online), in the economic sector the poverty rate is getting higher, many workers have been laid off and some are sent home. The face of the Indonesian economy has become a mess. One of the ways for the government to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is to provide social assistance to the community. However, in distributing aid, the distributors are often constrained in prioritizing the recipient community. The mechanisms for distributing aid are complicated and often not well targeted due to inappropriate criteria for beneficiaries and inaccurate / inaccurate data. So that not a few people protested because they did not receive assistance even though they were also affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. The decision support system using the weighted product method was considered capable of finding the highest priority for beneficiaries based on predetermined criteria, namely employment status, home status, domicile, dependents. and income per month. The final result is a rating of vactor V where the alternative which has the highest value has the highest priority to receive assistance.

scholarly journals Payments under the Average Crop Revenue Program: Implications for Government Costs and Producer Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Payment Rate ◽  
The U.S

This paper develops a stochastic model for comparing payments to U.S. corn producers under the U.S. Senate's Average Crop Revenue Program (ACR) versus payments under the price-based marketing loan benefit and countercyclical payment programs. Using this model, the paper examines the sensitivity of the density function for payments to changes in expected price levels. We also assess the impact of the choice of yield aggregation used in the ACR payment rate on the mean and variance of farm returns. We find that ACR payments lower the producer's coefficient of variation of total revenue more than does the price-based support, although ACR may not raise mean revenue as much. While corn farmers in the heartland states might still prefer to receive the traditional forms of support when prices are low relative to statutory loan rates and target prices, this outcome is not necessarily the case for farmers in peripheral production regions.

A Case Study on the Development of Broadband Technology in Canada

2006 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Internet Connection ◽  
Digital Subscriber Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

Broadband commonly refers to Internet connection speeds greater than narrowband connection speed of 56kbs. Digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems were the most popular forms of broadband in public use over the last 10 years. In 2004, over 80% of U.S. homes were equipped with cable modems, and up to 66% of U.S. households were able to receive DSL transmissions. It is expected that the impact of broadband technologies will continue to play an important role in the U.S. and the rest of the world. It is predicted that the number of broadband-enabled homes will exceed 90 million worldwide by 2007 (Jones, 2003). Canada and Korea currently are the two countries leading the way in broadband saturation. The following discussion focuses on the Canadian case of broadband development.

Party organizational change and leader effects on voting behavior: Linking the electoral and party faces of presidentialization

2019 ◽  
pp. 135406881989351
Author(s):  
Frederico Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Leadership Elections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

Changes in electoral markets in the late 20th century have forced political parties to adapt. Having lost much support and facing growing disaffection, parties often resorted to organizational structure reforms as means to reengage with a debased electorate. This article explores the impact of two changes in party organization—democratization of leadership selection procedures and increasing leadership power—on the extent to which leaders have an effect on voting behavior. In doing so, it analyzes the understudied interconnection between the electoral and the party faces of the presidentialization of politics thesis. The results provide mixed evidence regarding the relationship between both dimensions of presidentialization: more leadership power boosts leader effects, but only non-divisive direct leadership elections favor leader effects. This is a comparative study on Western democracies, combining individual-level data from the Comparative of Study of Electoral Systems with contextual data from the Political Party Database Project.

scholarly journals Econometric Analyses of Adoption and Household-Level Impacts of Improved Rice Varieties in the Uplands of Yunnan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
Sushil Pandey ◽  
Lu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Higher-yielding rice varieties adapted to the upland conditions of Yunnan were developed and disseminated during the late 1990s. Using cross-sectional farm-level data of 448 households collected from five prefectures in Southern Yunnan, this paper carries out an econometric analysis of the determinants of variations in the adoption of improved varieties among households and assesses the impact of adoption on rice income and total household income. The two major determinants of adoption were found to be the government programs for extension of improved upland rice varieties and for terracing of sloping fields. The presence of government programs for extension and for terracing contributed to increased adoption of improved varieties. Household-specific factors such as land and labor endowments were less important as these variables had a statistically insignificant impact on adoption. The adoption of improved rice varieties increased both rice income and the average household income. About half of the household income difference observed between the full adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties with comparable household characteristics can be attributed directly to the adoption. The results imply that increased investments in promoting improved rice varieties and terracing will generate additional income growth in the uplands of Yunnan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document