Effect of early weaning one lamb in a triplet lamb rearing system

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
C. B. Gallo ◽  
D. A. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Similar Growth

ABSTRACTThirty-seven Cambridge (C) and Suffolk (S) × C ewes and their lambs were housed and penned individually in family groups for 35 days post partum and then grazed on pasture until the lambs reached slaughter weight. Lambs were reared as twins (TR-TW). The lambs weaned at 35 days were artificially reared and formed the TR-AR group.Dry matter intake of the complete diet and hay offered ad libitum during the housing period was unaffected by rearing type. TR-TR and TR-TW ewes produced more milk at 10 days than TW-TW ewes, 4·4 and 4·2 v. 3·6 (s.e.d. 0·257) kg/day. From 35 days onwards the decline in milk yield tended o t be greater in the TW-TW and TR-TW ewes which also gained more condition than TR-TR ewes, 0·33 and 0·37 v. 0·01 (s.e.d. 0·139) of a score.TW-TW lambs grew faster than TR-TW and TR-TR lambs during the housed period, 336 v. 295 and 292 (s.e.d. 9·8) g/day but after 35 days TR-TW, TR-AR and TW-TW lambs had similar growth rates, 348, 350, and 348 (s.e.d. 14·2) g/day respectively whereas TR-TR lambs grew less quickly at 310 g/day. Forty-two male lambs were slaughtered. TR-AR lambs had a higher killing-out proportion and carcass fat content than naturally reared animals. In the latter group carcass fat content was negatively related to time reared as triplets and the kidney knob and channel fat weight was significantly lower in the TR-TR group. Crossbred lambs grew faster, had a higher killing-out proportion and greater weight of m. longissimus dorsi and m. psoas major in the half carcass.It is concluded that weaning one lamb at 35 days provides a suitable alternative system for rearing triplets and that it is possible to produce good quality carcasses with some desirable reduction in fat content from lambs reared as triplets throughout their life.

Possibilities of Using Bananas for the Feeding of Ruminants in Humid Tropical Regions

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525
Author(s):  
Michel Chenost ◽  
Francois Geoffroy ◽  
Pierre Bousquet ◽  
Michel Candau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Tropical Grass

The possibility of using green or ensiled bananas was studied with goats green-fed a tropical grass (Digitaria decumbens). Bananas increased both dry matter intake and digestible organic matter intake. Offered ad libitum bananas represented 50 to 70% of the diet of lactating or young growing goats without reducing milk production or growth rate. Provided the nitrogen level of the diet was balanced it was possible to reduce concentrate by 300 to 450 g/day/animal. It was also possible to fatten young goats with a complete diet composed of banana, cereal, bagasse, and urea simultaneously ensiled. Further study is needed to determine whether these types of diets are effective for cattle.

The effects of environmental temperature and feeding pattern on the performance of artificially-reared lambs fed cold milk substitute

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
P. D. Penning
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
Similar Growth

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out using lambs reared from 1 day to 23 days of age on milk substitute given either ad libitum or at a restricted rate of 250 g dry matter per day, in rooms maintained at three temperatures, 7, 14 and 21°C.Lambs fed milk substitute ad libitum showed similar growth rates (about 365 g per day) at all environmental air temperatures. Total dry-matter intake of milk substitute per lamb over 22 days was slightly higher in those kept in an environmental air temperature of 7°C. The efficiency of lambs in the 7°C environment was lower than those in the 14 and 21°C environments.When dry-matter intake was held constant, at the restricted level, growth rate increased linearly between 237 and 265 g per day as the environmental air temperature was increased.At each of these temperature levels the restricted-rate lambs were more efficient than the respective lambs fed ad libitum.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

scholarly journals Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Manni ◽  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola ◽  
Arto Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised in total 32 Finnish Ayrshire bulls with an initial mean live weight (LW) of 122 kg and age of 114 days. Feeding treatments were silage ad libitum and daily barley allowance of 93 g kg-1 LW0.60 (A); restricted feeding (R) at 0.80 × A; increasing feeding (I) similar to R until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to A; and decreasing feeding (D) similar to A until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to R. Restricted feeding strategies decreased daily dry matter intake and LW gain and increased the time to reach the target carcass weight (300 kg). Bulls on I exhibited compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the treatments. The present experiment indicates that silage intake ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate resulted in most effective beef production.

scholarly journals Effect of Ruminally-protected leucine supplement on milk yield and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRÍZOVÁ ◽  
J. TRINÁCTÝ ◽  
M. RICHTER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of leucine supplement in the form of rumen-protected tablets on milk yield and composition and plasma amino acids in four high-yielding lactating Holstein cows. The experiment was carried out as a cross-over procedure and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10 d preliminary period and 4 d experimental period). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and a supplemental mixture. The diet, defficient in methionine, lysine, and leucine, was supplemented with methionine+lysine (Control) or methionine+lysine+leucine (Leu) in rumen protected form. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk yield expressed in energy corrected milk did not differ significantly between the treatments. Milk protein content and yield did not show statistically significant variation. The contents and yield of casein, fat, lactose and urea were unaffected by the treatment. Blood metabolites did not vary between the treatments. The introduction of Leu resulted in higher plasma levels of proline (p

Meat production from female goat kids compared with males

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. A. EL MUOLA ◽  
S. A. BABIKER ◽  
O. A. EL KHIDIR ◽  
S. E. IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Males

Twelve female desert goat kids and an equal number of males were used to study meat production potential of desert goats at Kuku Research Station, Khartoum North, Sudan. The kids were kept in two separate groups according to sex. Kids were fed ad libitum a complete diet (a concentrate mix and green lucerne) for 147 days from 12 July to 10 Oct 1997.Male kids consumed more dry matter, had significantly greater liveweight gain and had heavier slaughter weight and superior feed conversion efficiency than females. Carcass weight was significantly greater in males than females but females dressed out heavier than males. Male carcasses had more muscles and bone while female carcasses had more fat and trimmings.Male goat kid carcasses yielded significantly (P<0·001) heavier wholesale cuts as single short forequarter and neck while female kid carcasses yielded heavier wholesale cuts as leg and chump, best end of neck as well as significantly (P<0·01) heavier loin and breast.

scholarly journals Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maris Bittar Nussio ◽  
John Tal Huber ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.

Effect of flat bate feeding in late pregnancy on colostrum and lamb production of prolific ewes

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
S.E. Pattinson ◽  
D.A.R. Davies ◽  
A.C. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

In the final 2 weeks of pregnancy there is a large increase in the protein requirement of the ewe for udder growth and colostrum production (Robinson, 1985). Ewe dry matter (DM) intakes fall during late pregnancy (Forbes, 1970) so meeting the theoretical requirements at this stage can be difficult.The trial was designed to compare the effect of providing the required protein on a flat-rate or a ‘step-up’ feeding system on lamb and colostrum production.Sixty-two Cambridge ewes aged 1 to 9 years and scanned as carrying 2 to 6 lambs were used. Ewes were housed and sheared approximately 2 months pre-partum and fed a complete diet at a restricted level and hay ad libitum until the commencement of the trial at 4 weeks pre-partum.

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