Thyroid hormones and daily gain in cattle. Relationships between plasma total thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine and average daily gain during the first year of life in Belgian blue and Friesian cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fabry
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTCorrelation between circulating thyroid hormones and live-weight gain during the first year of life were observed in four trials on cattle of the two main Belgian breeds: Belgian Blue and Friesian. Thyroid hormones assayed and considered as potential predictors of growth rate were: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4). Triiodothyronine uptake (T,U), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine index (FTI) were also estimated.No significant correlation was found between live-weight gain and T4 or T3 in 13 Belgian Blue heifers (trial 1). In 49 bulls submitted to a performance test, T4 and FTI increased from 3 to 12 months whilst T3U decreased (trial 2). Significant correlations between live-weight gain and T4 and between live-weight gain and FTI were obtained from samples taken between 66 and 95 days. Live-weight gain was correlated with T3U when animals were between 96 and 125 days, and 126 to 155 days of age. It is possible that the interaction between total T4 and T3U is important in controlling growth. In 13 young calves, beef merit, expressed as live-weight gain in 1 year, was highly correlated with T4 concentration at 8 to 10 days of age (trial 3). T3 and FT4 did not seem to be directly associated with the growth processes. In trial 4, live-weight gains of 42 young animals housed on a commercial farm were negatively correlated with T4 and with FTI. The conflicting results encountered may perhaps be explained by the lack of information on the use of anabolic preparations in field conditions. T4 concentration and FTI may be considered as potential parameters for the estimation of beef merit but the results are insufficient to draw definite conclusions.

scholarly journals Animal performance, production, and quality of Tanzania grass fertilized with nitrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Josmar Almeida Junior ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to assess forage production, animal performance, and the chemical composition of Tanzania grass pasture fertilized with 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The variables analyzed were: leaf mass, daily accumulation rate, leaf/stem ratio, average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per unit of area crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaves. The pasture management maintained the pasture height at 50 cm by using a continuous grazing method with the adjustment of stocking rate. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. The leaf mass increased linearly in response to nitrogen, with an increase of 1003 kg (34%) observed between a nitrogen content of 50 and 400 kg ha-1. Nitrogen did not affect the average daily gain, but increased the stocking rate and live weight gain ha-1. The value of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were higher with increased nitrogen levels, whereas the leaf digestibility did not affect nitrogen use. The comparison of 50 and 400 kg ha-1 levels indicated that there was an average increase of 19.2% in the leaf crude protein. The increased application of nitrogen fertilizer in Tanzania grass improved the chemical composition and animal performance; with regard to studied variables, the dose of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in the greatest improvement.

A quantitative analysis of mammary glands of dairy heifers reared at different rates of live weight gain

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Harrison ◽  
Ian P. Reynolds ◽  
William Little
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYThe mammary glands of conventionally reared cows, never exceeding a live weight gain (LWG) of 0·74 kg/d, weighed 39% more and contained 68% more secretory tissue than glands of rapidly reared animals grown at 1·1 kg/d. In 11-month-old heifers reared at 3 rates of LWG (L, 0·57; M, 0·76 and H, 1·18 kg/d) gland weight was related to LWG, but dissected mammary parenchyma was heavier in animals on treatment L than on treatment H and followed a quadratic relationship. Parenchymal composition on treatment H was correlated to both age and body weight at puberty. No similar trend was observed in treatments L and M although group L animals had more ductal tissue and less fat than those of group M. Heifers from treatment L were reared during pregnancy at either 0·68 or 0·84 kg/d LWG (treatments LL and LH respectively) and heifers from treatment H at 0·58 kg/d (treatment HL). Total gland weight was unaffected by treatment, but the percentage by weight of secretory tissue in the gland in treatment HL was less than for treatments LL and LH. These experiments confirm that mammary development is permanently impaired by high rates of LWG in the first year of life. There was no impairment of mammary development in heifers reared moderately in the first year and more rapidly during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens Ross-308 and Iza-F-15 under industrial technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
V. A. Reimer ◽  
Z. N. Alekseeva ◽  
I. Yu. Klemeshova ◽  
E. V. Tarabanova ◽  
G. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

The authors studied productivity and product quality under industrial poultry production technology. The productivity of broiler chickens of Ross-308 and Hubbard Iza-F-15 was different during floor rearing. Broiler chickens of Ross-308 outperformed Iza-F-15 chickens in body weight and average daily gain. The live weight at the slaughter of Ross-308 chickens was 2,360 g. The live weight of the chickens of Iza-F-15 was 2088 g. The conversion of feed to produce was higher in the chickens of Ross-308 cross by 0,06 kg compared with the chickens of Iza-F-15 and amounted to 1.64 kg per 1 kg of live weight gain. The survival rate was high for Ross-308 chickens (95.8%). The safety of the flock of the Izu-F-15 chickens was 2.2 per cent lower and was 93.6 per cent. Slaughter yield in the chickens cross Ross-308 is higher than in the group of chickens cross Iza-F-15. Meat quality is also better in Ross-308 chickens. Growing broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross for meat under industrial technology allowed to get more profit compared to the use of poultry of Iza-F-15 cross. At the exact cost of feed, 1 kg of live weight gain was 7.1 roubles, and per 1 head of chick was 19.1 roubles. The profitability level is also 12.6% higher for the broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross. The cumulative indicator the European productivity index is higher for chickens of Ross-308 breed, compared with chickens of Iza-F-15 breed on 56 units. This index was 341 and 285, respectively.

Premixes based on mustard protein-containing feed concentrate “Gorlinka” and their use in feeding of laying hens of the parent herd

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
N. Dyuzheva ◽  
V. Kornilova ◽  
N. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mustard Protein

Complex researches on studying of efficiency of use of a premix in which the filler was mustard protein-containing feed concentrate “Gorlinka” as a part of compound feeds for replacement pullets and laying hens have been carried out. Its influence on digestibility and digestibility of nutrients of diets, hatchable qualities of eggs, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of experimental poultry, economic efficiency of production have been studied. It has been found that the input of the feed to young poultry of the experimental group of the studied premix contributed to a more complete digestion and use of nutrients. According to the results of weighing experimental pullets to 150-day age in the control group the live weight was 1719,23 g, and the average daily gain was 7,83 g, in the experimental group the live weight of the pullets was 1775,25 g, and the average daily gain was 8,74 g, which exceeded the indicator of the control group, respectively, by 3,26 % (P > 0,99) and 11,62 % (P > 0,95). Feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry in the experimental group were lower than in the control group by 3,73 %, this allowed to obtain additional net income by saving the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry 1,86 rubles. The economic effect in the experimental group of replacement pullets during the experiment reached 627,75 rubles. When calculating feed expenditures per 1 kg of egg mass, the following results have been obtained: in the control group this figure was 2,18 kg, which was higher than in the experimental group by 0,12 kg. Thus, the input of the experimental premix into feed for laying hens of the parent herd contributed to the increase in egg production and egg weight, as well as a reduction in feed expenditures by 10 eggs. It has been established that the experimental group was superior in all indicators of quality assessment of daily chicks of the control group, which received the premix based on sunflower oil cake as part of the feed. It has been received the chicks in the experimental group 257 heads, and that 14 heads more than in the control group. The chicks of the experimental group surpassed the chicks of the control group in the live weight of one chicken by 0,52 g, and substandard chickens in this group were less by 0,67 %. At an average realizable value of 1000 eggs was 9000 Rub, gross income in experimental group was higher than in control by 0,81 %, which resulted in additional net income from sale of eggs 2916 Rub. Economic eff ect through the use of the premix made up 3782,2 Rub.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

The effects of quantity and distribution of milk substitute on the performance of artificially reared lambs to forty-eight days of age

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Penning ◽  
K. M. Cottrell ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYTwenty-seven groups of Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn lambs, each of two males and two females, were offered daily quantities of 180, 248 or 343 g milk substitute dry matter (DM) for 21, 29 or 40 days. The environmental temperature was 18°C during the first 21 days of rearing, and concentrate pellets and clean water were always available. From 22 to 48 days of age the lambs were offered 150 g of hay per week.For lambs offered 180 g milk substitute DM, increasing the number of days before weaning increased the daily live-weight gain over the 47-day experimental period. For daily allowances of 248 and 343 g of milk substitute, greater gains were effected only by delaying weaning from 21 to 29 days.Increasing the daily allowance of milk substitute DM had little effect on the daily gain of lambs weaned after 21 days but increased gain by lambs weaned at 29 days. For lambs weaned after 40 days growth rate was increased only by the first increment of milk substitute DM. Intake of solid food began when the lambs were 3 weeks old and total intake of concentrates was inversely related to total quantity of milk substitute DM consumed and in general was less when weaning was later.The overall efficiency of conversion of total DM consumed to live weight was positively related to total milk substitute DM consumed and tended to be greatest when weaning was later. A daily allowance of 180 g milk substitute DM for 21 days gave the lowest food cost per unit of live-weight gain.The incidence of navel sucking is discussed.

The effects of dietary energy content and level of feeding on the growth of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
H. Neumark ◽  
S. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn an experiment with group-fed cattle from 6 months of age to slaughter at 480 kg live weight two levels of feed intake: 1, ad libitum, 2, 85% of ad libitum amount, were combined with two ratios of concentrate to hay: a, 70: 30; b, 30: 70. In two further treatments, 3a and 3b, the cattle were fed diets a or b at 70% of ad libitum from 6 to 10 months and ad libitum thereafter.Daily gain during the first 124 days of the experiment was (in grams) 1293, 983, 1097, 846, 992 and 756, and from the 125th day to slaughter 735, 600, 796, 579, 830 and 714, for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively. The decline in rate of gain from the first period to the second was inversely related to the level of feed intake and to the percentage of concentrates in the ration in the first period.Daily carcass gain was 582, 393, 532, 350, 531 and 368 g for treatments la, lb, 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, respectively.The treatments that were switched over from 70% of ad libitum feed intake in the first period to 100% in the second (3a and 3b), exhibited considerable compensatory growth in the second period, but this was not sufficient to be of economic advantage.The overall ME requirement per kg of live-weight gain was inversely related to rate of gain. Of the six treatments, 2a (85% of ad libitum, 70% concentrate) was the most efficient (19·8 Mcal/kg live-weight gain).Animals on the 100% level of feed intake throughout the experiment (treatments la, lb) were significantly fatter than those on the other treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of rbST on weight gain and fat cover of heifers in semiconfinement

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
B. R. Fonseca ◽  
R. C. A. Berber ◽  
P. S. A. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on average total weight gain, average daily gain, muscularity and finishing. 24 Nellore heifers were used, up to two years of age and weighing 307.4 kg. The animals were semi-confined in Brachiaria ruziziensis and were supplemented per day, with 1.5% kg live weight per animal feed. Heifers were divided into 2 groups, T1: with the use of rbST and T2: unused rbST (control). The rbST was applied every 14 days at a dose of 500 mg per animal. For the statistical analysis, the results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) for average initial body weight, average final body weight, total average gain and average daily gain, and ribeye area (REA) adipose tissue thickness. Therefore the use of rbST did not promote change in performance characteristics in Nellore heifers 2 years old.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using high-protein soybean meal in feeding broilers of cross-breed ROSS-PM3

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galkin ◽  
Natalya Vorobyova ◽  
Valentina Chichaeva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Gain

The use of high-protein soybean meal in broiler diets provided for 38 days of fattening obtaining live weight of 2,336 g, average daily gain in live weight of 60.4 g, which is higher than in the control group by 135 g and 3.5 g, respectively. The highest rates were observed in chickens that consumed compound feed with high protein soybean meal, which was characterized by a high content of crude protein (47.0%) and good protein solubility (77.8%). It is proved that the use of soybean meal with a high content of SP 47.0% versus 42.0%, increases the live weight of chickens and reduces feed costs per 1 kilo of live weight gain.

Attainment of puberty and response to superovulation in performance-tested Simmental heifers

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Tregaskes ◽  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
J. S. M. Hutchinson ◽  
J. A. Roden ◽  
D. F. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Age At Puberty

AbstractPuberty during performance test and the effect of reproductive maturity and performance on test on superovulatory response were investigated using Simmental heifers.Three generations of Simmental heifers (no. = 110) were performance tested for beef characteristics between 23 and 49 weeks of age over 3 years successively. Embryo recoveries were performed at 52 and 61 weeks of age following the end of the performance test. The onset of puberty was observed in 26 of 30 (87%) heifers in the 3rd year. The mean age at puberty was 284·7 (s.e. 6·63) days. Age at puberty was not significantly related to daily live-weight gain (1·5 (s.e. 0·02) kg) up to the onset of puberty. Heifers experienced zero to six oestrous cycles before initiation of the first superovulatory treatments. There was a non-significant tendency (P > 0·05) for heifers that were not cyclic to produce the highest yields of viable and grade 1 embryos at the first embryo recovery.Performance test characteristics recorded were: total food intake (1604·0 (s.e. 13·2) kg), total energy intake (1852·0 (s.e. 169·0) MJ metabolizable energy) and live-weight gain (263·9 (s.e. 2·2) kg) during test; live weight (486·5 (s.e. 31·5) kg), backfat depth (5·6 (s.e. 15) mm) and muscle score (9·6 (s.e. 0·10) units) at the end of test and estimated breeding value for the selection index (+£7·00 (s.e. 0·76)). These were used as independent variables in general linear models to study their relationship with various measures of superovulatory response. Recovery rate of ova and embryos; and the yields of viable and grade 1 embryos were not related to any aspects of performance on test.In conclusion, superovulation and embryo recovery were affected by reproductive maturity at the time of gonadotropin treatment and these procedures may be more effective in juvenile heifers before the establishment of cyclicity. Embryo production from 12- to 15-month-old Simmental heifers following a beef performance test was not related to their performance on test.

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