The effects of dietary supplements of fish meal on the voluntary food intake of store lambs

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Tan ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbsstractThirty-six male and thirty-six female lambs (mean live weight 31·6 kg) were used to investigate the effect of fish-meal supplementation upon voluntary intake of NaOH-treated straw in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three levels of fish meal (0, 45 and 90 g/day) and three allowances of concentrate (57, 10·0 and 14·3 g/kg live weight) (experiment 1). The fish meal × concentrate allowance interaction was significant (P < 0·05) for straw dry matter (DM), total DM and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Thus, as concentrate allowance increased, straw DM intake remained largely unchanged when fish meal was included in the diet whereas concentrate progressively substituted for straw DM intake when fish meal was not included in the diet. Increasing concentrate levels increased total DM intake linearly for all levels of fish meal but the rate of increase was positively associated with level of fish meal.In experiment 2, 24 castrated male lambs (mean live weight 40·7 kg) were used to measure apparent digestibilities and nitrogen (N) balance on four of the diets used in experiment 1. The overall effects of concentrate and fish-meal levels upon voluntary intake were similar to those found in experiment 1 but the interaction term was not significant either for intake or for the digestibility coefficients. Increasing fish-meal level increased apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and aciddetergent fibre (ADF) (P < 0·01) while increasing concentrate allowance increased apparent digestibility of DM (P < 0·001) and OM (P < 0·01) but decreased that of ADF (F < 0·01). Nitrogen (N) retention was improved by the inclusion of fish meal in the diet (P < 0·001) and by high allowance of concentrate (P < 0·001).The voluntary intake response observed in experiment 1 could not be explained by the digestibility and N balance results obtained in experiment 2.

The response of store lambs to dietary supplements of fish meal 1. Effects of forage-to-concentrate ratio

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Hassan ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
High Forage

ABSTRACTForty-eight individually-penned lambs (mean live weight 31-4 kg) were offered one of four diets, to investigate response to a supplement of fish meal (0 and 100 g dry matter (DM) per kg M) given with diets of either 60: 40 or 40: 60 forage-to-concentrate ratio. Nitrogen (N) degradability in the rumen and fractional outflow rates of protein supplements were determined. The diets were formulated such that the lambs received about 3 or 9 g undegradable rumen N per kg DM. The diets were given daily to provide sufficient metabolizable energy for maintenance and 150 g gain, and were adjusted according to live weight at weekly intervals.Fish-meal supplementation improved daily growth over a 49-day period (P < 0·001) and enhanced N retention (P < 0·001). Live-weight gain was also marginally improved on the high-forage diets. (P < 0-05), but there was no protein supplement × forage-to-concentrate ratio interaction. Apparent digestibility of acid detergent fibre was improved by the fish-meal supplement on the high-concentrate diet.The four diets were also given to rumen-fistulated sheep. The high-concentrate diet was associated with a higher molar proportion of propionate (P < 0·05) and a lower proportion of acetate (P < 0·001). Rumen concentrations of ammonia tended to be maintained at higher levels throughout the day by the fish-meal supplement.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage given to young growing steers: effect on intake, apparent digestibility and live-weight gains

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

AbstractSeventy-two, 4-month-old, British Friesian steers were used to investigate the effects of feeding a supplement of fish meal on the voluntary intake and live-weight gain by young growing cattle given a well preserved ryegrass silage. The silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50,100 or 150 g fish meal per kg silage dry matter (DM) and the diets were offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM per kg live weight (LW). Intakes were recorded daily, LW weekly and in vivo apparent digestibility over one 7-day period during the 132-day trial.For animals fed ad libitum, the absolute intake of dietary DM increased linearly with an increase in the level of fish-meal supplementation such that intake when the highest level of fish meal was given was significantly higher (P < 0·01) than when silage was given alone. However, DM intake per unit LW (approx. 24 g DM per kg LW) was not affected significantly (P > 0·05).Inclusion of fish meal in the diet did not affect the apparent digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter, acid-detergent or neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) although there was a trend for slightly higher (P > 0·05) gross energy apparent digestibility when fish meal was given. Increasing the level of feeding reduced NDF digestibility. The coefficients measured at the 22 g and ad libitum levels of intake were lower (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively) than that measured at the 16 g DM per kg LW level.Animals given silage alone to appetite achieved LW gains of 0·6 kg/day. LW gains increased linearly with increasing level of feeding (P < 0·001) and increasing level offish-meal supplementation (P < 0·001).

scholarly journals A study of the protein requirements of the mature breeding ewe

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention

1. An experiment was carried out in which protein utilization in the pregnant ewe was studied using the nitrogen balance technique.2. Eight diets supplying four different intakes of crude protein and two different intakes of energy were each offered to eight individually penned ewes.3. The mean crude protein intakes per day were 7·2, 5·5, 4·1 and 3·0 g/kg W0·73 (where W = body-weight) and the metabolizable energy intakes 134 and 113 kcal/kg W0·73.4. N balances were carried out at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation on five ewes from each treatment.5. The apparent digestibility of both dry matter and crude protein decreased with decreasing protein intake. With the high energy intake, the apparent dry-matter digestibility was increased and the apparent digestibility of crude protein decreased. Stage of gestation had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of either of these constituents.6. N retention was not affected by the number of foetuses carried. With the higher energy intake and the higher protein intakes, the absolute retention of N was significantly increased at all stages of gestation. N retention increased with advancing pregnancy; the retentions at 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation being 0·086, 0·114 and 0·163 g/kg W0·73 per day respectively.7. The efficiency of utilization of apparently digested N was calculated from the regression of retained N as a percentage of apparently digested N against apparently digested N.8. The daily intakes of apparently digested N required for maximum efficiency were 0·551 and 0·620 g/kg W0·73 on the high and low energy intakes respectively. The daily intake for maximum efficiency decreased with advancing pregnancy, the values being 0·623, 0·587 and 0·567 g/kg W0·73 for the 10–12, 14–16 and 18–20 weeks of gestation respectively.9. The levels of N retained at maximum efficiency were 0·235 and 0·202 g/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The levels of N retained increased during pregnancy from 0·170 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·286 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks. The requirements for zero N balance were 0·072 and 0·153 g apparently digested N/kg W0·73 per day for the high and low energy intakes respectively. The requirement for zero N balance decreased from 0·176 g/kg W0·73 per day at 10–12 weeks to 0·071 g/kg W0·73 at 18–20 weeks.10. The results are discussed in relation to other research findings and current recommendations.

The effects of dietary oil inclusion and oil source on apparent digestibility, faecal volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emission

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. G. Leek ◽  
V. E. Beattie ◽  
J. V. O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Dietary Oil

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary oil inclusion increases ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) emission from the manure, due to a negative effect of either unsaturated or saturated oil on microbial activity in the intestine. Dietary oil was included at 45 g/kg, as either crude palm oil (PO), soya oil (SO) or a 50: 50 SO: PO blend (OB), to a basal barley-soya-wheat diet (control) at the expense of dextrose and maize starch. Diets were formulated to contain 13·2 MJ digestible energy per kg and 11·0 g/kg lysine. Four boars were assigned to each dietary treatment, and were transferred to metabolism crates (mean live weight, 74·0 (± 2·89) kg) following 14 days dietary acclimatization. Urine and faeces were collected separately over a 5-day digestibility/nitrogen (N) balance period and a 2-day manure collection period. Inclusion of dietary oil increased apparent digestibility of oil (P < 0·01) and decreased the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P < 0·01) and gross energy (P < 0·05). Dietary oil did not affect the apparent digestibility of nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre or hemicellulose. Apparent digestibility of oil was lower when oil was included as PO compared with SO and OB (P < 0·001). The concentration of faecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) was similar in all treatments, although the acetic: propionic acid ratio was lower when oil was included as PO and OB compared with SO (P < 0·05). N balance, manure N concentration and NH3-N emission was not affected by oil inclusion or oil source. In conclusion, dietary oil inclusion reduced apparent dry matter and energy digestibilities, although no effect on fermentation was indicated by digestibility of fibre or faecal VFA content. Consequently, ammonia emission was not affected by dietary oil included at 45 g/kg.

The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry matter content

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYHerbage from the same timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward was ensiled at four different dry matter contents. The resulting silages had dry matter contents of 19·0, 27·3, 32·3 and 43·2%, the dry matter content increasing with the length of the wilting period. An experiment was carried out to determine the voluntary intake of the silages. Each silage was given to 7 animals individually, the mean live weight of these being 334 kg.Although the silages made from wilted herbage were lower in digestibility than that made from unwilted herbage, wilting increased dry matter intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The mean daily intakes of digestible organic matter were 53·0, 58·1, 59·6 and 59·6 g/kgW0·73, for silages of increasing dry matter content. The corresponding ME intakes, expressed as a multiple of the ME requirement for maintenance, were 1·17, 1·29, 1·30 and 1·28. The percentage of acetic acid in the silage dry matter was significantly (r= −0·56) and linearly related to voluntary intake. The relationship between lactic acid concentration and voluntary intake was significantly curvilinear (r= 0·48).

The Effects upon the intake and performance of store lambs of supplementing grass silage with barley, fish meal and rapeseed meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yilala ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACTTwo experiments are described in which individually-penned Suffolk × (Blue-faced Leicester × Swaledale) lambs were given complete diets based on grass silage, and voluntary intake, live-weight gain and nitrogen (N) retention were measured.Experiment 1 investigated the effects of supplements of fish meal (0, 60 and 120 g/kg diet dry matter (DM)) and barley (0, 150 and 300 g/kg diet DM) in a 3 × 3 design using 72 lambs. The lambs averaged 35 kg live weight at the start of the 47-day experiment. Fish-meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and metabolizable energy (ME), and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Barley supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM and ME, but reduced silage DM intake; live-weight gain, carcass weight and N retention were all improved.Experiment 2 investigated the effects of supplements of rapeseed meal (0 and 120 g/kg diet DM) in two forms (untreated and formaldehyde-treated) and barley (0 and 150 g/kg diet DM) in a 2 × 2 × 2 design with two missing treatments and using 48 lambs. The lambs averaged 39 kg live weight at the start of the 42-day experiment. Rapeseed meal supplements increased daily intakes of diet DM, silage DM and ME, and improved daily gains, carcass weights and N retention. Form of rapeseed meal had no effect. Barley increased diet DM and ME intakes and improved daily gains and carcass weights.

The voluntary intake and utilization of roughage–concentrate diets by sheep. 1. Concentrate supplements for hay and straw

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Crabtree ◽  
G. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Concentrate Level

SUMMARYFour levels of a proprietary concentrate (0, 100, 200 and 400 g/day) were offered to Welsh Mountain ewe lambs receiving hay or straw ad libitum for 14 weeks. The apparent digestibility of the energy and nitrogen in the various diets was determined in a concurrent digestibility trial.The voluntary intakes of the straw and hay dry matter when given alone were 242 and 451 g/day respectively (28·4 and 49·2 g/kg W0·73 per day). Straw intake increased with an increase in concentrate feeding up to a level of 25% concentrate in the total dry matter and then declined. Hay intake declined linearly with increasing concentrate level (3 g/day decline per unit increase in the percentage of concentrate). In each case the total intake of dry matter and digestible energy increased with an increase in concentrate level.There was a positive within-treatment relationship between initial live weight and voluntary intake, an additional 0·019 Meal ME/day being consumed per kg increase in live weight. Within treatment groups lambs consuming relatively more food also made relatively higher weight gains. Estimates based on published standards of the metabolizable energy intakes required to produce the live weight changes observed on each treatment were considerably higher than the intakes recorded in the trial.

Effect of stage of harvest and fineness of chopping on the voluntary intake and digestibility of maize silage by young beef cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
Ines M. Penning ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Particle Length ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTWhole-crop maize was harvested at 20% (L), 29% (M) and 38% (H) dry-matter (DM) content, chopped to 7·67 mm (F) or 33·3 mm (C) average particle length and ensiled. The six silages were offered ad libitum to 36 entire male calves (initially 96 kg live weight), together with supplements of urea and dried ryegrass, for 42 days. Voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of the diets were measured. Intake of DM was not affected by the DM content of the silages, but was higher for F than C by 6·6% (P<0·01). Apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter and cell walls decreased with increasing silage DM content (P<0·001) and was higher for F than C (P < 0·01).

The voluntary intake and digestibility of straw diets and the performance of wether sheep as influenced by formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Alawa ◽  
R. G. Hemingway
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn two experiments, straw diets were supplemented with a concentrate mixture containing either untreated or formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal. In experiment 1, adult wether sheep were given straw/concentrate mixtures in a 3:1 ratio (air-dry basis) in restricted amounts. In experiment 2, these proportions were adjusted to 3:2 and the growing lambs were offered straw at proportionately 0·05 to 0·1 greater than that eaten daily.In experiment 1, formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal depressed apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility (P < 0·001) although diet organic-matter digestibility was not affected. Formaldehyde treatment also tended to reduce N retention in experiment 1, whereas with growing lambs in experiment 2, it led to improved N retention. Plasma urea concentrations were reduced as a result of formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal. Digested N was more efficiently utilized by sheep given the treated soya-bean meal diet in experiment 2 but not in experiment 1. Lambs given the treated soya-bean meal diet tended to gain more live weight with marginally superior food conversion ratios while consuming similar amounts of dry matter as those given the untreated soya-bean meal-supplemented diet.

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Holzer ◽  
D. Levy ◽  
V. Samuel ◽  
I. Bruckenthal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
N Retention ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTFour diets containing 9·6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) (LMEC), and four diets containing 11·3 MJ/kg DM (HMEC) were formulated. One diet of each ME concentration contained 90 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and served as a negative control (NC). In the three other diets of each ME concentration, the level of CP was raised to 140 g/kg DM by inclusion of poultry litter (PL), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or fish meal (FM). These diets were examined in a digestion and N balance trial and in a feeding trial.For the NC, PL, NPN and FM subtreatments of the LMEC diets, DM intakes were 107·1, 112·4, 100·6 and 130·2 g/kg M075 respectively; digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) were 0·64, 0·70, 0·67 and 0·71 respectively; and N retention 0·40, 0·76, 0·53 and 1·21 g/kg M075 respectively. For the respective subtreatments of the HMEC diets, the values were: 100·4, 119·4, 109·3, 107·5 for DM intake; 0·64, 0·73, 0·73, 0·73 for digestibility coefficients of OM and 0·40, 0·87, 1·06 and 1·03 g/kg M075 for N retention.Daily gain on the respective diets in the first 130 days of the feeding trial was 0·85, 0·90, 0·91, 1·04 kg for the LMEC and 1·09, 1·21, 119, 1·24 kg for the HMEC diets, and from the 131st day to slaughter was 0·98, 1·02, 100, 1·08 kg for the LMEC and 1·03, 1·02, 1·07, 1·05 kg for the HMEC diets respectively. Daily carcass gain was 0·49, 0·51, 0·51, 0·53 kg for the LMEC and 0·55, 0·59, 0·59, 0·60 kg for the HMEC diets, respectively.The relationship between ME concentration in the diet and source of CP is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document