Effects of indoor or outdoor rearing on the chemical composition of lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Theriez ◽  
B. Touraine ◽  
P. Vigneron ◽  
M. Prud'hon
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Rearing Method

AbstractPure Merinos d'Aries male lambs were reared indoors (IN), with hay and concentrates, or outdoor (OUT) on improved Mediterranean range (Garrigues) and slaughtered when they reached 25 (light) or 32 (heavy) kg live weight. The alimentary tract weight was significantly affected by slaughter weight and by rearing method, which also significantly modified rumen contents. IN lamb body composition was higher in fat and energy and lower in water and protein than OUT lambs but differences induced by the rearing method were reduced when slaughter weight was increased. Allometric equations established for each environment were used to determine body composition and body gain composition at 20 and 25 kg empty body weight. Changes were very limited for IN lambs but protein and fat content of OUT lambs changed greatly as a result of the tremendous increase of grass availability towards the end of the fattening period.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Body Weight Changes at Different Altitude Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Dünnwald ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Martin Faulhaber ◽  
Marjan Arvandi ◽  
Wolfgang Schobersberger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes

The effect of three different growth rates on some offal components of cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murray ◽  
N. M. Tulloh ◽  
W. H. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Reverse Situation

SummaryThis paper describes the effect of three different growth rates on some offal components of Angus cattle. The growth rates were: high (H, 0·8 kg/day), low (L, 0·4 kg/day) and high-maintenance (HM, 0·8 kg/day followed by a period during which body weight was held constant).Equations are presented which enable the weights of the offal components to be calculated within the body weight range 300–440 kg.For most tissues, weights in the H group were greater than in the L and HM groups and included: liver, rumen-reticulum, small intestine and the total alimentary tract. Weight of fat trimmed from the rumen-reticulum, omasum, large intestine and total alimentary tract was also greater in the H than in the L and HM groups. The reverse situation held for head, feet and tail and the spleen.In spite of these differences between groups in weights and composition of offals, the carcass composition in all groups was similar (Murray, Tulloh & Winter, 1974). It appears that, at a given body weight, changes in the offals may buffer the carcass against change in composition when cattle are exposed to different growth patterns.

Effect of draught work on performance and metabolism of crossbred cows 1. Effect of work and diet on body-weight change, body condition, lactation and productivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gemeda ◽  
E. Zerbini ◽  
A. G. Wold ◽  
D. Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
On Farm

AbstractForty pregnant F1 crossbred dairy cows (20 Friesian × Boran and 20 Simmental × Boran) were stratified in a 2 × 2 diet × work factorial experiment (not working-not supplemented, NWNS; not working-supplemented, NWS; working-not supplemented, WNS; and working-supplemented, WS). Working cows pulled sledges 100 days/year (pull = 350 to 450 N, 4 h/day, 4 days/week). Work output of supplemented and non-supplemented cows was similar over 1 and 2 years. Over all 3 years, dry-matter intake relative to metabolic body size (g/kg M0.75 was greater for working, compared with non-working cows. Body-weight changes and body condition score were similar for working and non-working cows. Non-supplemented cows lost weight throughout the first 2-year period, while supplemented cows tended to maintain or gain body weight over 1 and 3 years. Over 2 years, supplementation of working cows proportionately reduced live-weight loss by 0.73 and doubled the number of conceptions and parturitions. Days in milk, milk, milk fat and protein yields were similar for working and non-working cows, but were greater for supplemented, compared with non-supplemented, cows. Total conceptions and calves born in all 3 years tended to be greater for supplemented and non-working compared with non-supplemented and working cows. A productivity index (PI) that took into account food intake was calculated. The PI for supplemented cows over 2 years was greater than that for non-supplemented cows. Meanwhile the PI was similar for working and non-working cows over all periods considered. A similar PI for working and non-working cows under supplementation indicates potential of on-farm adoption of a cow traction technology that includes improved food production and ng strategies.

The effect of body-weight changes during pregnancy and lactation on the performance of three breeds of sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
J. Hancock ◽  
A. Louca
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Yields ◽  
High Level

SUMMARYThree husbandry systems were used to promote differential live-weight gains in 603 Cyprus Fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi ewes. Ewes on the high level of feeding had heavier litters than those on the medium and low levels. Litter size was not affected by level of feeding during pregnancy. Milk production was highest (P < 0·01) for ewes on the high level. The milk production of Chios and Awassi ewes was similar on the high and low feeding levels, but Awassi ewes outyielded both other breeds on the medium level. Chios ewes had larger and heavier litters (P < 0·01) than both other breeds. The correlations between live weights during lactation and milk yield were low and negative indicating a tendency for body loss at high yields.

The chemical composition of sows during their first lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Practice

ABSTRACTIt is common for sows in commercial practice to lose body weight during lactation and if the loss is excessive then performance may be impaired. However, there is little information on the composition of this loss of body weight. In a 2 × 2 factorial experiment gilts were given daily either 2·7 (H) or 1·5 (L) kg food during gestation and either a high (H) (mean intakes of 3·4 and 4·9 kg/day for the H-H and L-H groups, respectively) or low (L, 2·0 kg/day) food intakes during a 31-day lactation. Seventy-three animals were slaughtered at various stages over all treatments and body composition determined by chemical analysis. The content of lipid (Li, kg) and protein (Pr, kg) in the empty body were closely related to live weight (LW, kg) and depth of backfat measured by ultrasound (P2, mm); Li = 0·381 LW + 1·042 P2 - 31·099 (R = 0·95) and Pr = 0·11 LW - 013 P2 + 4·46 (R = 0·67). Prediction equations were used to predict the composition of animals from a previous experiment (Mullan and Williams, 1989). Increasing food intake prior to farrowing increased the amount of lipid (67 v. 38 kg), protein (20 v. 17 kg), water (73 v. 63 kg) and ash (5 v. 4 kg) in the empty body at farrowing. For sows given 2·0 kg/day food during lactation about half of the total loss of body weight was lipid (835 and 570 g/day for the H-L and L-L groups, respectively) and proportionately 0-10 was protein tissue (165 and 125 g/day, respectively). When sows were fed to appetite the heaviest animals lost both lipid (520 g/day) and protein (130 g/day) whereas animals in the L-H group maintained their lipid reserves but lost 65 g protein per day. This study demonstrates the considerable amounts of lipid and protein which may be mobilized by the sow during lactation to buffer the nutritional stress through a low intake of food. The body composition of the sow during the first lactation can be accurately predicted from live weight and depth of backfat.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Nuts on Body Weight and Composition, and Gut Microbiome (P08-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Lung Woo ◽  
Dina Ben-Nissan ◽  
Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Tree Nuts

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the effects of mixed nut consumption on body weight and composition, and gut microbiome in obese individuals. Primary outcome was change in body weight and composition. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids. Methods The reported results are from an interim analysis (n = 50) of a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel study. Total enrollment target is 154 overweight/obese subjects (BMI 27–35 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5oz mixed tree nuts or pretzels with equal calorie content daily for 24 weeks. The study included a 12-week weight loss phase (500 kcal per day less than total daily energy expenditure), followed by a 12-week weight maintenance phase. Body composition, fasting blood, and stool samples were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. Body composition, and vitals were analyzed, whereas plasma lipid profile, fecal microbiome, and microbiome metabolites analysis is still pending. Results At week 12, subjects from both the pretzel (n = 15, 10 dropouts; P = 0.009) and nut group (n = 22, 3 dropouts; P = 0.038) lost significant amount of weight. The trend of weight changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.530). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain weight loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 81.43 ± 3.85 kg at baseline vs. 79.43 ± 4.08 kg at week 24, P = 0.028; nut: 84.26 ± 3.78 kg at baseline vs. 82.38 ± 3.72 kg at week 24, P = 0.026). At week 12, fat mass in both groups was significantly decreased (pretzel: P = 0.002; nut: P = 0.012). The trend of fat changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.547). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain fat loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 30.84 ± 1.75 kg at baseline vs. 29.25 ± 2.12 kg at week 24, P = 0.024; nut: 31.51 ± 1.56 kg vs 30.21 ± 1.81 kg at week 24, P = 0.04). Muscle mass, and blood pressure were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that tree nuts could be consumed as part of a healthy weight loss meal plan without concern of causing weight gain. Further analysis of the remaining samples is needed to confirm results. Due to higher dropouts in the pretzel group, future intention-to-treat analysis is also needed to eliminate bias. Funding Sources This study is supported by the International Tree Nut Council.

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