A note on the performance of Soay ewes, when mated to Soay and Dorset Down rams, and the growth rate and carcass production of their lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSoay ewes were mated to a Soay or a Dorset Down ram. Live-weight changes of the ewes, birth weights, growth rates and carcass production of the lambs were recorded, and the food consumption of the ewes and lambs was measured. The use of the Dorset Down ram resulted in significantly heavier birth weights, higher growth rates and heavier carcasses. Under conditions of good nutrition the Soay ewes proved to be capable of carrying very high foetal burdens and it was estimated, from lamb live-weight gains, that they produced a large quantity of milk, relative to their size, particularly when crossed with the Dorset Down ram.

Variation in growth and efficiency in twin cattle with live weight and food intake controlled

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST C. S. Taylor ◽  
G. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Similar Growth

In an experiment to investigate the interrelationships of genetics and nutrition in the growth of cattle up to 2 years of age, five monozygotic and six dizygotic Ayrshire twin heifers were reared under close nutritional control on an all cubed diet.Two control systems were used. Some animals were fed similar amounts of food, and differences in growth rate and efficiency examined while others were made to grow alike and differences in food consumption and efficiency examined. Overall, similarly fed animals had similar growth rates and efficiencies and similarly grown animals similar food intakes and efficiencies. Variation in growth, food consumption and efficiency was much less than in an ad lib. feeding system.

Effects of different patterns of allocation of a restricted quantity of food upon the growth and development of cockerels

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Osbourn ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mild Restriction

1. The live-weight gains and food consumption of groups of chickens subjected to two different patterns, (A) and (B), of allocation of a restricted quantity of food, were compared with the live-weight gains and food consumption of a control group (C), fed ad lib. throughout the experiment.2. Group B (compensatory growth regime), showed a greater relative growth rate after re-alimentation than group A (mild restriction followed by ad lib. feeding). The growth rate of group B was shown to be significantly greater than that of the control group at equivalent live weights. In addition, it was shown that the increased growth rate, induced by periods of restriction of similar severity and duration, was very similar for birds within the ranges of 200–300 g. live weight and 750–1100 g. live weight.3. The differences, due to treatment, in the growth rate after re-alimentation were in part caused by a concurrent increase in appetite. The severity and duration of the undernutrition immediately prior to re-alimentation would appear to affect appetite during re-alimentation more than the total restriction imposed. Measured in terms of food consumed, the restriction imposed upon groups A and B was the same, but in terms of live weight gain group B was very slightly more retarded than group A.

Very High Growth Rate of 4H-SiC Using MTS as Chloride-Based Precursor

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pedersen ◽  
Stefano Leone ◽  
Anne Henry ◽  
Franziska Christine Beyer ◽  
Vanya Darakchieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Single Precursor ◽  
Very High

The chlorinated precursor methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), CH3SiCl3, has been used to grow epitaxial layers of 4H-SiC in a hot wall CVD reactor, with growth rates as high as 170 µm/h at 1600°C. Since MTS contains both silicon and carbon, with the C/Si ratio 1, MTS was used both as single precursor and mixed with silane or ethylene to study the effect of the C/Si and Cl/Si ratios on growth rate and doping of the epitaxial layers. When using only MTS as precursor, the growth rate showed a linear dependence on the MTS molar fraction in the reactor up to about 100 µm/h. The growth rate dropped for C/Si < 1 but was constant for C/Si > 1. Further, the growth rate decreased with lower Cl/Si ratio.

Effects of nutrition in late pregnancy on subsequent milk production in Ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. Scottish Half-bred ewes carrying twin foetuses were fed individually to make live-weight gains in the last six weeks of pregnancy of (1) 20%, (2) 10% and (3) 0% of their live weight in week 14 of pregnancy. In lactation the ewes were fed ad libitum. The lambs were removed 12 to 16 hr after parturition and the ewes were machine-milked twice daily for the first six weeks of lactation.2. Total birth weights per ewe of twin lambs from the treatments were (1) 10·10 kg, (2) 9·44 kg and (3) 8·18 kg and differed significantly.3. The level and pattern of voluntary intake in lactation did not differ significantly between the treatments. Total dry-matter intakes in the six weeks of lactation were (1) 121·9 kg (2) 105·9 kg and (3) 109·5 kg.4. The pregnancy treatments affected the level of milk production and the shape of lactation curves. The total yields in the first six weeks of lactation were (1) 58·8 kg, (2) 43·5 kg and (3) 26·9 kg. Higher contents of fat and protein and the lower content of lactose in the milk from treatment-3 ewes on days 1 and 3 of lactation indicated a slower onset of lactation in these ewes. Between days 7 and 35 of lactation the contents of fat and SNF were lowest on treatment 3 but the differences were not significant.5. The live-weight changes in lactation, which were in inverse order to the gains in late pregnancy, were (1) 3·4 kg, (2) 5·5 kg and (3) 9·5 kg.

scholarly journals Effect of age upon utilisation of iron in chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
E. Fajmonová ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
K. Holendová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Iron Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Meat Type

The effect of age upon iron retention in cockerels of laying and meat type hybrids was examined within 46 subsequent balance periods. Chickens were fed ad libitum a diet with the content of 312 mg Fe per 1 kg. The dependence of Fe utilisation upon age from Day 3 to Day 100 was expressed by the second degree parabolas with minimum values in the tenth week of age. The dependence of Fe content in weight gains on age was highly significant (P &lt; 0.01). The course of this dependence was expressed by parabolas with minimum values on Day 38 and Day 28 in slow and fast growing chickens, resp. The growth rate of total amount of Fe in the body was by 6&nbsp;per cent lower (P &lt; 0.01) than that of live weight of chickens. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Effects of crossbred ewe genotype and ram genotype on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability and lamb output in the lowland sector

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
A. F. CARSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lamb Growth

A study was carried out on five lowland farms in Northern Ireland over 3 years to investigate the effect of crossbred ewe and ram genotype on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability and weaned lamb output. Four crossbred ewe genotypes were sourced from six hill farms involved in a previous study – Bluefaced Leicester×Blackface (BLXB), Texel×Blackface (TXB), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXCH) and Texel×Cheviot (TXCH). On each farm, groups of 20–30 of each crossbred ewe genotype were mated with Suffolk or Texel rams. Throughout the 3 years of the study, the ewe genotypes lambed at 1, 2 and 3 years of age. Within each of the ram breeds, high lean growth index rams sourced from UK sire reference schemes were compared with rams sourced from flocks not involved in objective genetic improvement programmes (control). BLXB ewes were the most prolific of the four ewe genotypes producing 1.73 lambs per ewe lambed compared with 1.47 for TXB, 1.46 for SXCH and 1.41 for TXCH (P<0.001). Lamb mortality was similar for the four ewe genotypes, thus number of lambs weaned was greatest for the BLXB ewes (P<0.001) with the other three crosses producing similar numbers of lambs. A greater proportion (P<0.05) of SXCH ewes lambed without assistance compared with BLXB and TXB ewes and a greater proportion of TXCH ewes had abundant supplies of colostrum compared with the other crosses (P<0.10). Output of weaned lamb per ewe lambed and per ewe metabolic live weight (P<0.001) was greatest in the BLXB ewes. Ewe productivity, prolificacy, number of lambs weaned and the proportion of ewes lambing without assistance increased with ewe age (P<0.001). Lamb growth rate from birth to 6 weeks and from birth to weaning increased with ewe age (P<0.05). Crossbred ewes lambing at 3 years old had a greater output of weaned lamb compared with ewes lambing at 1 and 2 years old (P<0.001). Ram genotype had no effect on ewe prolificacy, lamb viability or pre-weaning growth rates, although Texel-sired lambs had lower birth weights than Suffolk-sired lambs and control-sired lambs had lower birth weights than high lean index-sired lambs (P<0.05).

Growth and herbage consumption of grazing Merino and Border Leicester lambs reared by their mothers or fostered by ewes of the other breed

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYEight Border Leicester castrated male lambs (wethers) were fostered on to 8 Merino ewes (MB) at birth, and 10 Merino wethers were fostered on to Border Leicester ewes (BM). Two additional groups of 10 wethers consisted of Border Leicester lambs (BB) and Merino lambs (MM) reared by their natural mothers. The lambs and ewes grazed together and growth rate, and milk and herbage consumption of the lambs were recorded.Live-weight gains to weaning at 74 days were 275, 245, 204 and 184 g/day for groups BB, MB, BM and MM respectively. Lambs reared by Border Leicester ewes received more milk and consumed less grass than lambs of similar genotype reared by Merinos, but BM lambs consumed less milk than BB lambs. Merino lambs also consumed less grass than Border Leicester lambs.It was concluded that Merinos grew more slowly than Border Leicester lambs primarily because of their lower voluntary food intake. The lower milk production of Merino ewes was considered to be of secondary significance since if herbage is available ad libitum, lambs with high voluntary intakes will compensate for the lack of milk by consuming more forage.

Productivity of S. 59 red fescue with and without S. 184 white clover under hill conditions: 1. Animal performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYAn appraisal of the value of S. 59 red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) for grazing was made using ewes and lambs (Clun Forest in 1969, Welsh Mountain in 1970) at a site 305 m O.D. in mid-Wales. S. 23 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was used as a control, and the value of S. 184 white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in conjunction with both grasses was examined.In the first year, under a rotational grazing regime at a fixed stocking rate of 22 ewes and single lambs/ha, lamb live-weight gains were significantly poorer on S. 59/S. 184 and significantly better on S. 23/S. 184 than on either of the pure grass swards. For the 130 days grazing season, mean daily lamb live-weight gains were 157, 126, 78 and 120 g on S. 23/S. 184, S. 23, S. 59/S. 184 and S. 59 treatments respectively.During the second year lamb growth rates on S. 59/S. 184 improved by 59%, whereas those on the other treatments were marginally lower than in 1969. Stocking rates were increased on the grass swards and decreased on the grass/clover swards for most of the grazing period in the second year in accordance with herbage availability. No significant difference was detected between the four treatments in total lamb liveweight production as a result of better individual growth rates on the grass/clover swards.In both years wide variations were recorded between treatments at different periods within the grazing season. Red fescue swards maintained superior lamb production in early spring and late autumn, but were inferior to ryegrass in mid-summer.

The lactation performance of red deer on hill and improved species pastures

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. I. Loudon ◽  
A. D. Darroch ◽  
J. A. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

SummaryThree groups of red deer hinds of 9–10 years of age were grazed upon an indigenous hill pasture (A), an improved species grass sward (predominantly perennial ryegrass) maintained at < 1500 kg D.M./ha (B), and one maintained at 2000 kg D.M./ha (C) from immediately after calving on 29 May until weaning on 22 September. Numbers of hinds in each treatment were 8, 6 and 9 respectively. Milk yields of hinds were estimated on swards A and C by the calf-suckling technique and hind and calf live-weight changes and hind grazing behaviour were recorded on all three swards during lactation.Hinds on award C yielded on average 60% more milk over the lactation period than hinds on sward A, day 40 yields being 2·2 and 1·5 kg/day respectively. Calf growth rates (treatment A, 257 ± 9·5, B, 324 ± 12·1 and C, 369 ± 14·5 g/day) were higher on the improved species sward than on the hill sward and higher on the improved sward with the greater herbage mass. On treatments A and C calf growth rates were significantly (P < 0·05, r = 0·69) correlated with milk yield throughout lactation. At weaning, calves on sward C were 7·5 and 4·5 kg heavier than those on swards A and B respectively. Biting rates were lower (33 v. 56 bites/min) and grazing times higher (11.7 v. 6.0 h) on sward A than swards B and C. The poorer performance of hinds and their calves on sward A was considered to be due to a lower quality of diet ingested, and to behavioural limitations on intake occurring when hinds graze indigenous swards of relatively high species diversity. These results are discussed in relation to the grazing behaviour of cattle and sheep on similar swards.The significance of the results to red deer farming in the U.K. is briefly discussed.

Effect of winter environment on growth of young beef cattle 1. Effects of exposure during winter to rain or wind and rain combined on performance of 9-month-old Friesian steers fed on two planes of nutrition

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McCarrick ◽  
M. J. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Weight Gains

SUMMARYThree experiments were conducted to compare the performance of 9-month-old Friesian steers wintered in three environments, (a) conventional cattle houses, (b) wind-sheltered roofless sawdust pads and (c) unsheltered roofless sawdust pads. Within each environment animals were fed on two planes of nutrition.In each experiment, winter live-weight gains of animals accommodated on the three winter environments were similar as were weight changes during the subsequent four weeks at grass in Experiments 2 and 3.No interaction on live-weight gain was found between plane of nutrition and winter environment. Health of outwintered animals was good throughout. The response to feeding barley with hay in these experiments (obtained by comparing low-plane with high-plane treatment groups) showed that on average 5·5 kg of barley dry matter were required to produce 1 kg of additional live-weight gain above that obtained from hay fed alone.

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