The effect of dietary protein on metabolite concentrations during fasting in calves differing genetically in dairy merit

AbstractEighty calves of both sexes, 4 months of age, of two lines, differing in genetic merit for fat plus protein production by 70 kg per 305-day lactation, were given one of four diets differing in protein content to give an estimated range of protein intakes from 299 to 530 g/day. After 21 days the calves were fasted for 72 h. Samples of blood were taken before and after feeding in the morning and afternoon prior to fasting, seven further samples were taken throughout the fast and five samples were taken ranging from 0·5 to 7·5 h after food was re-introduced. The samples were analysed for concentrations of urea, free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, triglyceride and f5-hydroxybutyrate.No association between metabolite concentrations and predicted breeding value (PBV) were found at any stage of the trial except for the effect of feeding on FFA concentration, the rate of increase of FFA during the fast and its ultimate concentration. These associations with FFA depended on the sex of the calf and were either absent or less marked in males. The results strengthen the possibility that FFA concentrations during fasting are related to PBV in females, and that sexual dimorphism may explain differing conclusions amongst previous trials.The magnitude of the estimate of coheritability of urea concentration during fasting with PBV, pooled across experiments, is reduced from -0·193 to -0·066 (s.e. 0·037) by inclusion of these results. However, heterogeneity between experiments is evident and remains to be explained. This suggests that urea concentrations are not consistent predictors of genetic merit and cannot be considered to be reliable for use in practice.

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A note on the influence of oestradiol-17β implants on serum hormone and metabolite concentrations in response to an epinephrine challenge in lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100037600 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 295-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. E. Bachman ◽

M. L. Galyean ◽

D. M. Hallford ◽

C. E. Heird ◽

G. C. Duff

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Basal Serum ◽

Metabolite Concentrations ◽

Before And After ◽

Serum Hormone ◽

Total Concentrations

Eight wether lambs were used to determine effects of an oestradiol-17β (E2β) implant on metabolic responses to an epinephrine challenge. Blood was sampled before and after an epinephrine challenge, on days 0 and 22 of E2p implantation.Oestradiol-17 ft implants increased pre-injection (basal) serum insulin (INS), growth hormone and free fatty acids (FFA), and decreased basal serum urea nitrogen. After 21 days of E2Pimplantation, total concentrations of FFA decreased and INS increased in response to the epinephrine challenge compared with pre-implantation values. It is concluded that E2/3 implants alter metabolic responses to an epinephrine challenge in wether lambs.

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The Effect of n-3 Fatty Acids on Lipids and Haemostasis in Patients with Type lla and Type IV Hyperlipidaemia

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646906 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (02) ◽

pp. 797-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E Berg Schmidt ◽

E Ernst ◽

K Varming ◽

J O Pedersen ◽

J Dyerberg

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Apolipoprotein A1 ◽

Type Iv ◽

Before And After ◽

Von Willebrand ◽

Willebrand Factor ◽

Factor Antigen

SummaryPlasma lipids and haemostasis were investigated in 17 patients with hyperlipidaemia before and after 6 weeks supplementation with 6 g n-3 fatty acids. Nine of the patients had type IIa and 8 had type IV hyperlipidaemia. No effect on plasma cholesterol, LDL- or HDL-cholesterol were seen, but plasma triglycerides decreased after n-3 supplementation. Apolipoprotein B increased and apolipoprotein A1 decreased after the oil supplement. The bleeding time was prolonged, but platelet aggregation was unaltered by n-3 fatty acids. Protein C activity increased in type II a and decreased in type IV after the supplement. Fibrinolysis was markedly depressed while von Willebrand factor antigen was reduced after intake of n-3 fatty acids.

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Dietary Changes in Fasting Levels of Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII: C) Are Accompanied by Changes in Factor VII Protein and other Vitamin K-dependent Proteins

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653757 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (02) ◽

pp. 239-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

E M Bladbjerg ◽

T Tholstrup ◽

P Marckmann ◽

B Sandström ◽

J Jespersen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Protein C ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Coagulant Activity ◽

Before And After

SummaryThe mechanisms behind dietary effects on fasting coagulant activity of factor VII (FVII: C) are not clarified. In the present study of 15 young volunteers, two experimental diets differing in composition of saturated fatty acids (C18:0 [diet S] or C12:0 + C14:0 [diet ML]) were served for 3 weeks each. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the dietary regimen and analysed for triglycerides, FVII:C, and protein concentrations of FVII, FII, FX, protein C, CRP, albumin, fibrinogen, and F1+2. FVII:C was significantly reduced on diet S compared with diet ML. This was accompanied by a decrease in FVII protein, F1+2 and the vitamin K-dependent proteins FII, FX, and protein C. In contrast, no changes were observed in triglycerides, FVII:C/FVII: Ag, albumin and CRP. Fibrinogen was increased on diet S compared with diet ML. Our findings suggest that the change in fasting FVII:C was part of a general change in concentrations of vitamin K-dependent proteins.

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Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10040538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 538

Author(s):

Vita Maria Marino ◽

Teresa Rapisarda ◽

Margherita Caccamo ◽

Bernardo Valenti ◽

Alessandro Priolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

The Other ◽

Cholesterol Oxidation ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Chocolate Industry ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

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A method for reducing inbreeding with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s030822960002362x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 33-33

Author(s):

B Grundy ◽

WG Hill

Keyword(s):

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Best Linear Unbiased Predictor ◽

Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Genetic Merit ◽

Selection Decisions ◽

Best Linear Unbiased ◽

Estimated Breeding Value ◽

Commercial Environment ◽

Unbiased Prediction

An optimum way of selecting animals is through a prediction of their genetic merit (estimated breeding value, EBV), which can be achieved using a best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) (Henderson, 1975). Selection decisions in a commercial environment, however, are rarely made solely on genetic merit but also on additional factors, an important example of which is to limit the accumulation of inbreeding. Comparison of rates of inbreeding under BLUP for a range of hentabilities highlights a trend of increasing inbreeding with decreasing heritability. It is therefore proposed that selection using a heritability which is artificially raised would yield lower rates of inbreeding than would otherwise be the case.

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Effect of saturated fat diets on rat liver NADP-linked enzymes

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.4.773 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 209 (4) ◽

pp. 773-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Helen M. Tepperman ◽

Jay Tepperman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Liver Slices ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The aggregate hexosemonophosphate dehydrogenase (HMPD) activity was found to be higher in livers of rats fed a diet containing saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil = H) for 7 days and fasted for 48 hr than it was in similarly prepared animals fed a corn oil (CO) diet. Later, a liver HMPD-increasing effect of feeding H was found in nonfasted animals. Lipogenesis (i.e., the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into fatty acids by liver slices) was shown to be as low or lower in the H group as in the CO. Liver slices prepared from H and CO diet adapted rats were incubated with either acetate-1-C14 or palmitate-1-C14 and the extent of incorporation of C14 into individual fatty acids was measured. With both substrates more radioactivity was found in 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 in the case of H-fed animals. It is proposed that a component of the signal for eliciting increased NADP-linked enzyme activity in the H rats was an increased rate of oxidation of NADPH attendant on monoene formation and chain lengthening.

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The composition and metabolism of fatty acids in Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z72-171 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 1263-1267 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. R. Penner ◽

J. S. Barlow

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Acid Composition ◽

De Novo ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ips Paraconfusus ◽

Chain Elongation ◽

De Novo Synthesis

The fatty acid composition of newly emerged Ips paraconfusus Lanier shows no sexual dimorphism and is approximately as follows: C14:0, 0.5%; C16:0, 23.0%; C16:1, 6%; C18:0, 3%; C18:1, 55%; C18:2, 9%; C18:3, 2%. Both sexes, but particularly the female, use up fatty acids, particularly the monounsaturated acids, during reproduction. Isotope from 1-14C-acetate injected into newly emerged females appeared in all saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids within 30 min. There was evidence of de novo synthesis of C14:0 and C16:0, chain elongation of C16:0 to C18:0, and desaturation of C16:0 and C18:0 to yield C16:1 and C18:1 respectively.

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Central and peripheral sympathetic characteristics in hypertension considered from differences of catecholamine metabolite concentrations in plasma before and after adrenalectomy in male 2-month-old SHRSP and WKY

Advances in Neuroregulation and Neuroprotection ◽

10.1201/b12189-55 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 761-774

Keyword(s):

Metabolite Concentrations ◽

Before And After

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The Effect of Feeding Chicken and Geese Broilers with Different Cereals on the Fatty Acids Profile in Meat

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10112879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2879

Author(s):

Piotr Janiszewski ◽

Dariusz Lisiak ◽

Karol Borzuta ◽

Eugenia Grześkowiak ◽

Tomasz Schwarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Fatty Acids Profile ◽

Hybrid Rye ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The research was conducted on the effect of bird broilers fed with different hybrid rye doses on the fatty acids profile in muscle. The first experiment was performed on 3 geese broilers groups fed with hybrid rye, oats or hybrid rye and oats mix in proportion 1:1. No effect of the hybrid rye feeding of geese on the SFA level in meat was observed, but the MUFA level was significantly higher and PUFA level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio were significantly lower than in geese fed with oats. The second experiment was performed on 3 chicken broiler groups fed with mix of corn, wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed oil (control group), and fed with an addition of 10% or 20% hybrid rye in diet (experimental groups). No effect of hybrid rye feeding of chicken broilers on the meat quality and SFA level was observed. However, the MUFA level was higher and the PUFA level and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio were lower in meat of chicken broilers fed with hybrid rye. In conclusion hybrid rye is a healthy ingredient in the diet of studied birds and may be used up to 20% in chicken broilers and 50% in the diets of geese. A 100% hybrid rye in geese diet caused lower final body weight.

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