Effects of genotype and stocking density on post-weaning daily gain and meat production per hectare in cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mezzadra ◽  
J. Escuder ◽  
M. C. Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Fixed Model ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractWith the objective of determining genetic × environmental interaction for beef production under direct grazing conditions, measured as both individual average daily gain (ADG) and per ha (PROD), 160 steers were utilized through 2 years, from two breeds of different growth potential, and four stocking rates (SR) tending to establish different nutritional environments. The breeds were Aberdeen Angus (A) and high-grade Limousin crossbred (L) and the SRs established were 2·25, 2·87, 3-50 and 4·13 steers per ha. The pasture where the steers grazed was Festuca arundinacea. Response variables were analysed by least-squares using a fixed model of year, breed, SR and their two-way interactions. There were highly significant effects (P < 0·01) of the interaction of breed × SR for ADG and PROD. Quadratic and linear regressions (P < 0·01) were adjusted for PROD and ADG on SR respectively using the least-squares means. The proportional superiority of L on A at the lowest SR was 0·27, while at the highest SR the situation was reversed, A gained proportionately 0·32 more weight than L. These results indicated that under limiting conditions of nutrition as generated at the highest SR in this experiment, the small-sized individuals tended to produce meat more efficiently both individually and per ha, the opposite situation being true when nutritional conditions were not restrictive.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds under the conditions of the private farm

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I.O. Lastovska ◽  
L.V Pirova ◽  
L.T. Kosior ◽  
O.O. Borshch ◽  
O.V Borshch
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Access To Food

A comparative assessment of the fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds on a farm with an intensive technology of rabbit meat production was carried. The material for the study was a herd of rabbits of meat and skin breeds: Gray Giant Flander, Californian, Silver Fox. The experiment was carried by the group method. For this purpose, 30 rabbits were selected at 45 days of age and 3 groups of 10 heads were formed. Analogue rabbits were selected by breed, age, live weight, sex. The experimental livestock was housed in a shed-type room equipped with 4 rows of mesh cages arranged in two tiers, in which bunker feeders and nipple drinking bowls were installed. The animals were fed with pellets compound feed with the addition of leguminous Herbal hay. Compound feed was distributed from bunker self-feeders, Herbal hay – from feeders (mangers). The rabbits were watered from nipple drinkers, which provided the animals with constant access to food and water. In the course of the research, the live weight of rabbits, absolute and average daily gain, relative growth rate and feed costs were studied. It has been found that the Californian rabbits fulfill their growth potential better than the Silver Fox and Gray Giant Flander rabbits. Average daily gains in rabbits of the Californian breed were 1.8 g higher compared to analogs of the Silver Fox breed and 1.18 g higher than in the Gray Giant Flander. In terms of live weight, at the end of the experiment, the Californian rabbits were dominated by analogs of the Silver Fox breed by 116.7 g and by 90 g of Gray Giant Flander rabbits. The level of profitability of raising young rabbits for meat of the Californian breed was 12.2 %, and the Gray Giant Flander and Silver Fox breeds, respectively – 3.8 and 4.0 %. Key words: fattening qualities, Gray Giant Flander, Silver Foxy breed, Californian breed, average daily gains, economic efficiency.

Factors affecting pre-weaning growth and weaning conformation of Angus cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
EB Dettmann ◽  
LG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Weaning weight (ww) and conformation score (cs) records from Angus calves in five New South Wales herds were analysed by least-squares procedures to assess the nature and magnitude of variation. Herd, year, age of dam and sex were considered as main effects. Covariates included in the models were weaning age (WA) for ww and average daily gain (ADG), and both WA and ww for cs. Male calves (steers and bulls) were 16.6 kg heavier at weaning than female calves. Dams that were 5-8 years of age weaned calves that were 30.1 kg, 15.4 kg and 6.7 kg heavier than 2-, 3- and 4-year-old dams respectively. When ww was not included as a covariate in the model, age of dam effects on cs reflected those on ww, and there was little difference in cs between males and females. When adjusted for differences in ww, males had poorer cs than females, and calves from 3-year-old dams, and from dams over 8 years old, had poorer cs than those from dams of all other ages. Partial regressions of ww and ADG on WA, and of cs on ww, varied considerably between herd/year/sex subgroups.

Evaluation of Angus, Charolais and Hereford as terminal sire breeds on Hereford and first-cross cows. I. Growth of progeny

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
PF Arthur ◽  
D Johnston ◽  
PD Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

Pre-weaning growth of 482 Angus, Charolais and Hereford sired progeny out of straightbred Hereford (H x H) , and first-cross Brahman x Hereford (B x H) , Simmental x Hereford (S x H) and Friesian x Hereford (F x H) dams was evaluated. The dams grazed either high, medium or low quality pasture (pre-weaning pasture system) at Grafton, NSW. Progeny of dams from high quality pre-weaning pasture were slaughtered at 281 days of age for the vealer market. The progeny of dams from medium and low quality pre-weaning pastures were evaluated for post-weaning growth on pasture, on commercial properties in temperate NSW. They were slaughtered for either the yearling domestic (both sexes) or heavy export steer markets. Average daily gain (ADG) for the entire pre-weaning period was greater (P < 0.05) for Charolais (845 g/day) than Angus (790 g/day) and Hereford (783 g/day) sired progeny. This resulted in a higher ( P < 0.05) weaning weight of Charolais sired progeny of dams on high or medium quality pre-weaning pasture. On low quality pasture, however, sire breed differences in weaning weight were not significant (P > 0.05). This indicates that adequate nutrition should be provided for Charolais sired progeny to express their higher growth potential. Post-weaning ADG of Charolais sired progeny was higher (P < 0.05) than that of Angus or Hereford sired progeny, resulting in 14 months liveweight (for yearling domestic cattle) of 370, 345 and 345 kg and 27 months liveweight (for heavy export steers) of 635, 585 and 569 kg for Charolais, Angus and Hereford sired progeny respectively. Progeny of B x H dams on medium or low quality pre-weaning pastures had the highest pre-weaning ADG and weaning weight, but the lowest post-weaning ADG. This resulted in 27 months liveweight of 558, 582, 628 and 616 kg for steer progeny from H x H, B x H, S x H and F x H dams respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Varying Levels of DL-Methionine on Live Performance and Yield of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Anthony Pokoo-Aikins ◽  
Jennifer Rumsey Timmons ◽  
Byungrok Rok Min ◽  
William Robert Lee ◽  
Samuel Njoroge Mwangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Common Weight ◽  
Fillet Yield ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental DL-methionine (MET) on live performance and meat yield for broilers raised to a common weight. A total of 1552 one-day old Ross 708, sexed broilers were randomly distributed to 32 pens resulting in eight treatments (TRT) of four replicates with 44 male or 53 female/pen. A randomized complete block with a 2 × 4 (sex × 4 MET levels 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) factorial arrangement of TRT was used. A common weight of 2400 g was approached by day 46 (1 and 2 g MET/kg feed) and day 48 (0 and 0.5 g MET/kg feed). Supplementation of MET at 1, and 2 g/kg had a lower (p < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 46/48 than broilers fed 0.5 g MET/kg. Broilers without supplemental MET had the worst (p < 0.01) feed conversion and average daily gain (ADG) at day 46/48. Birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p < 0.05) whole eviscerated carcass without giblets (WOG), yield than birds fed 2 g MET/kg of feed. Additionally, birds fed 0 g MET/kg of feed had lower (p < 0.05) breast fillet and tender percent yields than birds fed supplemental MET. Elimination of MET from organic broiler diets resulted in reduced ADG, breast fillet yield and feed efficiency of meat yield of broilers raised to day 46/48. Reduction in MET supplementation below current levels reduced the efficiency of meat production of organic broilers raised to day 46/48.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Undernutrition during Mid-Gestation on the Yield, Quality and Composition of Kid Meat Under an Extensive Management System

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Qiongxian Yan ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ao Ren ◽  
Zhiwei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Tyrosine Concentration ◽  
Daily Gain

Nutritional status during mid-gestation is often ignored under extensive husbandry. This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal undernutrition during mid-gestation on kid meat production under an extensive system. Twenty-seven goats (45 ± 3 d of gestation) were randomly assigned to an unrestricted group (100% of nutrient requirements), or a restricted group (60% of nutrient requirements from 45 to 100 d of gestation, and then re-alimented to 100%). Among the offspring, 16 eligible kids (eight per treatment) were selected, based on birth type and survival, and were harvested to evaluate the meat yield, quality, and composition at 90 d after birth. Maternal undernutrition reduced the body weight and size, average daily gain and hot carcass weight of the kids (p < 0.05). The lightness of the meat at 45 min postmortem was increased (p = 0.029) in the restricted kids. Apart from an increase in tyrosine concentration (p = 0.046), the proximate composition and the amino acid and fatty acid profiles were unaffected in the restricted kids (p > 0.05). Overall, maternal undernutrition during mid-gestation decreased the yield of kid meat, but did not significantly modify the quality and composition. These results highlight the importance of nutrient status during mid-gestation in the meat production of small ruminants under an extensive regime.

scholarly journals Winter Grazing in a Grass-Fed System: Effect of Stocking Density and Sequential Use of Autumn-Stockpiled Grassland on Performance of Yearling Steers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo J. Mata-Padrino ◽  
E. E. D. Felton ◽  
W. B. Bryan ◽  
D. P. Belesky
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Winter grazing can help reduce the need for purchased feeds in livestock production systems, when finishing cattle on pasture. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of stocking density and grazing stockpiled forage on performance of yearling steers during winter. Three grasslands were winter grazed for two years: I, naturalized pastureland, and II and III, sown and managed for hay production during the growing season but grazed in winter. Two stocking densities were used: low 7.41 and high 12.35 steers ha−1. Herbage mass was estimated before and after each grazing event, and disappearance (consumption, weathering, and trampling) was the difference between both. Forage mass and residual differed by stocking density (SD), year (YR), and grazing interval (GI), and disappearance differed by YR and GI. Grass and dead constituents of botanical composition differed by YR and GI. No differences were found for legumes and forbs. CP differed by YR and GI, and NDF and ADF differed only by YR. Steer average daily gain was 0.15 kg d−1in 2011 and 0.68 kg d−1in 2012 and varied by YR and GI. Acceptable gains in 2012 may be a product of environmental conditions that influenced herbage mass and nutritive value during stockpile and animal behavior during winter.

scholarly journals Effects of rations containing formaldehyde-protected soybean meal on meat production in Kacang goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Adiwinarti ◽  
I. Gede Suparta Budisatria ◽  
K. Kustantinah ◽  
R. Rusman ◽  
Edwin Indarto
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Aim: This study aimed to investigate effects of rations containing formaldehyde-protected soybean meal on meat production in Kacang goats. Materials and Methods: Fourteen yearling Kacang bucks, weighing 15.8-19.8 kg, were arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments included a control (PSBM0): 100% untreated SBM; PSBM50: 50% untreated SBM + 50% formaldehyde-protected SBM; and PSBM100: 100% formaldehyde-protected SBM. Results: The goats disliked the protected SBM. Therefore, differences in their intakes were reflected in their average daily gain (ADG). The ADG and slaughtered weight of the control group were the highest, while those of the PSBM100 and PSBM50 groups were similar. The carcass weights and meat production of the control group were higher than those of the PSBM50 group, but the retained protein to the meat conversion ratio of the PSBM50 group was lower than that of the control. The carcass percentages were similar between the treatments. Conclusion: The retained protein to meat conversion ratio of Kacang goats fed with 50% formaldehyde-protected SBM showed the lowest value, indicating that these rations efficiently produced meat in the carcass.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits and costs of Suffolk lambs finishing systems with early weaning and controlled suckling

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes ◽  
Jordana Andrioli Salgado ◽  
Andressa Santanna Natel ◽  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Odilei Rogério Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Daily Gain

The performance, carcass traits and finishing costs of Suffolk lambs were evaluated in three systems: (1) lambs weaned with 22 kg of body weight (BW) and supplemented with concentrate on pasture until slaughter; (2) lambs weaned with 22 kg BW and fed in feedlot until slaughter; (3) lambs maintained in controlled nursing after 22 kg BW and creep fed in feedlot until slaughter. Average daily gain (ADG) was 224 g/d for lambs weaned and supplemented with concentrate on pasture, 386 g/d for lambs weaned in feedlot and 481 g/d for lambs under controlled nursing. Empty body weight and visceral fat deposition were highest in lambs from feedlot systems. Carcass weights and carcass yields were highest for lambs in controlled nursing. Finishing total costs were highest in controlled nursing and lowest in the system with weaning in feedlot. High concentrate diet associated with controlled nursing in feedlot allowed lambs to reach the growth potential and carcasses with higher weights, higher yields and higher fat content. After weaning, lambs in feedlot fed with high concentrate diet had higher weight gain than lambs supplemented with concentrate on pasture. Carcasses produced under these two systems presented the same characteristics. The system with weaning in feedlot showed the lowest cost per kg carcass.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 2. Correction of weaning weight in Dorset and Border Leicester sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

Data from 14635 Dorset and 1214 Border Leicester lambs from nine properties and five years were used to estimate the effects on weaning weight of age of lamb, sex, birth-rearing status and parity of dam, using three methods (average daily gain, pooled regression and least squares). Corrections for all effects varied greatly over properties and years, indicating that weaning weight cannot be satisfactorily adjusted for these environmental factors by the use of standard corrections. The correlations between estimated effects from the three methods were significant, and correlations between the three adjusted weaning weights exceeded 0.9 in most cases. All three methods accounted for similar fractions of variance in weaning weight, but average daily gain correction actually increased the variance on some occasions. Since least squares estimation is complicated, it is concluded that the pooled regression method is better suited to performance recording applications, especially if corrections are estimated within weaning groups, as they should be in view of their variability.

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