scholarly journals Differential effect of dietary antioxidant classes (carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins C and E) on lutein absorption

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Reboul ◽  
Sinay Thap ◽  
Franck Tourniaire ◽  
Marc André ◽  
Christine Juhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Β Carotene

Lutein is assumed to protect the human retina from blue light and oxidative stress and diminish the incidence of age-related macular degeneration. This antioxidant is commonly ingested with other dietary antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the main dietary antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids, polyphenols and vitamins C and E, affect lutein absorption. We measured the effect of adding a mixture of antioxidants (500 mg vitamin C, 67 mg (100 IU) vitamin E and 1 g polyphenols) to a lutein-containing meal (18 mg) on the postprandial lutein response in the chylomicron-rich fraction in eight healthy men. Lutein response was weakest ( − 23 %;P = 0·07) after ingestion of the meal containing antioxidants (21·9 (sem4·6)v.28·4 (sem7·2) nmol × h/l). To assess the effect of each class of antioxidants and potential interactions, we subsequently evaluated the effect of various combinations of antioxidants on lutein uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 TC-7 cells. A full factorial design showed that both a mixture of polyphenols (gallic acid, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin and naringenin) and a mixture of carotenoids (lycopene plus β-carotene) significantly (P < 0·05) impaired lutein uptake by ( − 10 to − 30 %), while vitamins C and E had no significant effect. Subsequent experiments showed that the aglycone flavanone naringenin was the only polyphenol responsible for the effect of the polyphenol mixture, and that the carotenoid effect was not carotenoid species-dependent. Taken together, the present results suggest that lutein absorption is not markedly affected by physiological concentrations of vitamins C and E but can be impaired by carotenoids and naringenin.

scholarly journals Incorporation of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin into human chylomicrons

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
Hans D. Martin ◽  
Helmut Sies ◽  
Wilhelm Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Paprika Oleoresin ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Carotenoid Absorption ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
Β Carotene

The intake of a carotenoid-rich diet is epidemiologically related to a lower risk for different chronic disorders like cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer or age-related macular degeneration. Red pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) and its dietary products contain a variety of carotenoids, which may contribute to the carotenoid pattern of human blood and tissues. The objective of the present study was to assess the availability of carotenoids from paprika oleoresin, including zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and the paprika-specific oxocarotenoids capsanthin and capsorubin. After overnight fasting, the volunteers (n9) ingested a single dose of the paprika oleoresin containing 6·4 mg zeaxanthin, 4·2 mg β-cryptoxanthin, 6·2 mg β-carotene, 35·0 mg capsanthin and 2·0 mg capsorubin. At different time points the carotenoid pattern in the chylomicron fraction was analysed to evaluate carotenoid absorption. From the major carotenoids present in the paprika oleoresin only zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were detectable in considerable amounts. Although the xanthophylls in paprika oleoresin were mainly present as mono- or di-esters, only free zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were found in human samples. The bioavailability of the pepper-specific carotenoids capsanthin and capsorubin from paprika oleoresin is very low. However, oleoresin is a suitable source for the provitamin A carotenoids β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and the macular pigment zeaxanthin.

Determinants and Determination of Carotenoid Bioavailability from Infant Food Formulas and Adult Nutritionals Including Liquid Dairy Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids are typically tetraterpenoid phytochemicals that cannot be synthesized by humans, some of which such as β-carotene can be metabolized into vitamin A. Sufficient carotenoid intake and tissue levels have been associated with several health benefits including the reduction of cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer and also the amelioration of age-related macular degeneration. Carotenoids and their metabolites have also been related to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress via interacting with transcription factors, such as NF-κB and Nrf-2, as well as with the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor, implicated in immune functions and cellular differentiation. Therefore, carotenoids are important for growth and development. They could mark beneficial constituents in infant food formulas and adult nutritionals, the latter typically constituting protein-rich liquid foods targeting meal replacements. Carotenoids may be present by nature (typically below 20 μg/100 mL) or following fortification (up to 200 μg/100 mL), such as for lutein and β-carotene. However, carotenoid bioavailability may be low and variable, especially in low-fat items. Although most infant foods and adult nutritionals are rich in lipids and proteins, facilitating absorption and availability of carotenoids, unfortunately, very little data is available. In addition, carotenoid detection for such lipid-rich matrices may be challenging as a result of low concentrations and matrix effects. This review aims to highlight considerations for carotenoid bioavailability from infant food formula and adult nutritionals as well as summarize detection methods for carotenoids from these items.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Antioxidants in the Defence against ROS/RNS-Mediated Environmental Pollution

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borut Poljšak ◽  
Rok Fink
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can result from exposure to environmental pollutants, such as ionising and nonionising radiation, ultraviolet radiation, elevated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, cigarette smoke, asbestos, particulate matter, pesticides, dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other compounds present in the environment. It appears that increased oxidative/nitrosative stress is often neglected mechanism by which environmental pollutants affect human health. Oxidation of and oxidative damage to cellular components and biomolecules have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and aging. Several studies have demonstrated that the human body can alleviate oxidative stress using exogenous antioxidants. However, not all dietary antioxidant supplements display protective effects, for example,β-carotene for lung cancer prevention in smokers or tocopherols for photooxidative stress. In this review, we explore the increases in oxidative stress caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of antioxidants.

Dietary Antioxidants and the Long-term Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Ophthalmology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S.L. Tan ◽  
Jie Jin Wang ◽  
Victoria Flood ◽  
Elena Rochtchina ◽  
Wayne Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 335 (7623) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine W-T Chong ◽  
Tien Y Wong ◽  
Andreas J Kreis ◽  
Julie A Simpson ◽  
Robyn H Guymer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Vitamins C and E, β-Carotene, and Zinc on Age-related Macular Degeneration

Ophthalmology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604-1611.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Y. Chew ◽  
Traci E. Clemons ◽  
Elvira Agrón ◽  
Robert D. Sperduto ◽  
John Paul SanGiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy in Eye Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
José A. Fernández-Albarral ◽  
Esther de de Julián-López ◽  
Carmen Soler-Domínguez ◽  
Rosa de de Hoz ◽  
Inés López-Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Autophagy Activity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Catabolic Process

Autophagy is a catabolic process that ensures homeostasis in the cells of our organism. It plays a crucial role in protecting eye cells against oxidative damage and external stress factors. Ocular pathologies of high incidence, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy are of multifactorial origin and are associated with genetic, environmental factors, age, and oxidative stress, among others; the latter factor is one of the most influential in ocular diseases, directly affecting the processes of autophagy activity. Alteration of the normal functioning of autophagy processes can interrupt organelle turnover, leading to the accumulation of cellular debris and causing physiological dysfunction of the eye. The aim of this study is to review research on the role of autophagy processes in the main ocular pathologies, which have a high incidence and result in high costs for the health system. Considering the role of autophagy processes in cell homeostasis and cell viability, the control and modulation of autophagy processes in ocular pathologies could constitute a new therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Content Values of Sweet Maize (Zea mays L. Convar Saccharata Koern) in Precision Farming

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2596
Author(s):  
Cintia Demeter ◽  
János Nagy ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
Annabella Zelenák ◽  
Atala Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Carotene

The global precision farming area is constantly increasing, and precision sweet maize production developed the most. Sweet maize yield is above average in precision farming. Additionally, its role in healthy nutrition is becoming increasingly important due to new hybrids with high carotenoid content. Precision farming techniques are needed to produce healthy food. In particular, nutrient supply and irrigation, sowing, crop management and harvesting need to be carried out with precision techniques. These factors are all prerequisites for effective and healthy growing and processing. The aim was to use the yields of the four sweet maize hybrids grown on the largest area to examine their nutritional values and concentrations (mg kg−1 dry matter) and to analyse their yield per hectare. Concentration is important for the consumer because K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Na play an important role in metabolism, skin protection, and bone and tooth health. The new results obtained show that the amount of lutein and zeaxanthin per hectare is important for the processing industry, especially for use in food supplements. Their anti-inflammatory effects and their role in disease prevention (cardiovascular diseases, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)) have been demonstrated. Consumers choose sweet maize mainly on the basis of its palatability, which is why the sugar content of the hybrids was also studied. We assumed that the element concentration in the yield of new hybrids with higher yield per hectare does not decrease with increasing yield. The concentrations of zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene appear in one principal component and they are in close positive correlation with each other. The lutein concentration was independent of the former three compounds. The independence of the lutein concentration means that it is not possible to estimate its amount based on the other three components. For yield per unit area, the correlation is one-dimensional. Yield determines the lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene concentrations per hectare.

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