scholarly journals Folate contents in human milk and casein-based and soya-based formulas, and folate status in Korean infants

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1769-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Han ◽  
Miyong Yon ◽  
Heon-Seok Han ◽  
Kwang-Yup Kim ◽  
Tsunenobu Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Homocysteine

We assessed folate nutritional status from birth to 12 months in fifty-one infants who were fed human milk (HM;n20), casein-based formula (CBF;n12) or soya-based formula (SBF;n19). Folate contents in ninety-five HM samples obtained from twenty mothers for the first 6-month period and twelve CBF and nineteen SBF samples were measured by bioassay after trienzyme extraction. Folate intake was estimated by weighing infants before and after feeding in the HM group and by collecting formula intake records in the formula-fed groups. After solid foods were introduced, all foods consumed were included to estimate folate intake. Serum folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were determined at 5 and 12 months of age, and infant growth was monitored for the first 12 months. Mean HM folate contents ranged from 201 to 365 nmol/l with an overall mean of 291 nmol/l, and the contents peaked at 2 months postpartum. HM folate contents were higher than those reported in North America. Folate contents in CBF and SBF were markedly higher than those in HM and those claimed on the product labels. The overall folate intakes in formula-fed infants were significantly higher than those in HM-fed infants, and this was associated with significantly higher folate and lower tHcy in formula-fed infants than HM-fed infants at 5 months. At 12 months, serum folate was significantly higher in the SBF group than the other groups, whereas serum tHcy and overall growth were similar among all groups.

The Effect of 7 to 8 months of Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation on the Vitamin and Mineral Status of Athletes

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Telford ◽  
Edward A. Catchpole ◽  
Vicki Deakin ◽  
Alan C. McLeay ◽  
Ashley W. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mineral Levels

Blood indicators of eight vitamins (, , , C, E, A, B,12 folate) and six minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, Ca, P, Al) were measured in 86 athletes before and after a 7- to 8-month period of training. During this period half consumed a multivitamin/mineral supplement and a matched group look a placebo, Following the supplementation period, Mood biochemical indicators of , , , and folate status all increased but there were no significant effects of supplementation on , C, E, and A, or on the blood levels of any of the minerals. The supplementation had no effect on red or while cell counts or on hemoglobin levels. Irrespective of the supplementation, some blood measures varied according to sex, females evidencing significantly higher values than males for vitamins C, E, copper, magnesium, and aluminum, with being higher in males. It is concluded that 7 to 8 months of multivitamin/mineral supplementation increased the blood nutritional status of some vitamins but did not affect any blood mineral levels, and that some blood nutritional indicators may vary according to sex.

Anemia in Centenarians Is Associated with Elevated Serum 2−Methylcitric Acid but Not Other Measures of Cobalamin Deficiency or Renal Status.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1300-1300
Author(s):  
Sally P. Stabler ◽  
Robert H. Allen ◽  
Mary Ann Johnson ◽  
Dorothy B. Hausman ◽  
Adam Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Cobalamin Deficiency ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
White Female ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Total Homocysteine

Abstract Anemia in seniors is associated with increased mortality and frailty. It is important to determine the cause of anemia in order to initiate specific therapies. We studied cobalamin (Cbl) and folate status with other clinical and laboratory parameters associated with anemia in 234 centenarians from north Georgia aged 98–108 years, 197 female, 46 African-American. The Cbl and folate dependant metabolites included methylmalonic acid (MMA), total homocysteine (Hcys) and 2-methylcitric acid (MC). MMA, MC and Hcys are elevated in clinical Cbl deficiency. MC is also elevated with even mild renal insufficiency. Metabolites were assayed by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The median hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) were 12.0 g/dL and 35.2 %. Severe anemia (Hgb < 8 g/dL) occurred in only 1 white female with serum ferritin of 10 ng/mL. The 10th percentile for hemoglobin was 10.0 g/dL, and in this group, serum MC was increased (p = 0.021), albumin trended lower (p = 0.056) but serum folate, Cbl, Hcys, MMA, and creatinine were not significantly different. Univariate analysis between variables for the whole cohort showed that Hgb was inversely correlated with Hcys (p = 0.028), MC (p = 0.003), creatinine (p = 0.030) and directly with albumin (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, albumin was the strongest positive predictor of Hgb and MC was significantly inversely related, whereas creatinine and Hcys were no longer independent determinants. Elevated MMA with low Cbl was common in this cohort but not associated with anemia. Even those above the 90th percentile for MMA (844–8080 nmol/L) actually had higher Hgb as compared to the rest of the cohort, 12.3 vs. 12.0 mg/dL (p = 0.096). Folate status was high in this cohort (50th percentile (12.9 ng/mL) and those taking a multivitamin (33%) had 1.5 fold higher serum folate (p < 0.001), 17 % lower Hcy (p = 0.001) and 24 % lower MMA (p = 0.045) but no difference in Hgb. The only racial difference was that MMA was lower in African-Americans (p <0.001) and the only sex difference was that creatinine was higher in males (p = 0.025). Those with MC above the 90th percentile (> 415 nmol/L) had lower Hgb (p = 0.038), higher creatinine (p = 0.003), Hcy (p = 0.003) and MMA (p = 0.060). Ferritin was less than 50 ng/mL in 10/22 subjects with the lowest 10th percentile Hgb value (< 10.0 g/dL). One subject had apparent folate deficiency and 7/22 had serum creatinine > 1.3 mg/dL. Two subjects with MCV > 100 fl had renal insufficiency. In conclusion, 1. High serum 2-methylcitric acid and low serum albumin predict anemia in centenarians. 2. Serum 2-methylcitric acid may be a sensitive indicator of renal failure- associated anemia. 3. Cbl deficiency was not associated with anemia in this cohort with high folate status.

Folate status of adults living in the Canary Islands (Spain)

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henríquez ◽  
Doreste ◽  
Díaz-Cremades ◽  
López-Blanco ◽  
Álvarez-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Supplement Use

Background and aim: Human studies support the hypothesized contribution of folate deficiency to carcinogenesis and vascular risk. We assess the nutritional folate status and its relationship to folate intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, and multivitamin supplements. Methodology: A representative sample of 601 individuals from 18 to 75 years of age was selected from the participants in the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey. A food frequency questionnaire was administered. Serum and erythrocyte levels of folate were determined using a method of automated ionic capturing. Results: Mean serum and red cell folate were 8.2 ng/mL and 214.3 ng/mL, respectively. Only one individual had serum folate below 3 ng/mL, and 21.7% showed moderate deficits (3–6 ng/mL); 10.7% of the sample had erythrocyte folate levels falling below 140 ng/mL, 61.3% between 140 and 240 ng/mL and the remaining 27.9% above 240 ng/mL. A positive significant association was observed between these two folate measurements, as well as between folate intake and each of these biomarkers (p < 0.001). Tobacco consumption was negatively correlated with folate status (p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive, and vitamin supplement use were not associated with serum and red cell folate levels. Conclusions: Even though nutritional folate status can be considered minimally acceptable, it may reflect the low level of fruit and vegetable consumption within the Canary Islands population.

Folate Intake of Older Adults Before and After Fortification of Grain Products

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy DeWolfe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Age Range

Purpose: To determine whether fortification allowed older adults in the Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington (KFL&A) Public Health area to obtain adequate amounts of food folate, and the proportion at risk of consuming more than the upper limit (UL) of folic acid (1,000 mcg). Methods: Dietary intake of a convenience sample of 103 healthy, active older adults (age range: 65 to 95 years) was measured using three 24-hour recalls. Dietary folate preand post-fortification was estimated. Results: Mean dietary folate increased from pre- to postfortification, but 43.4% of women and 20% of men still consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 320 mcg dietary folate equivalent. No intakes exceeded the UL. Participants whose diet met grain products and vegetable and fruit recommendations of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating consumed significantly more folate. Conclusions: Despite fortification, some older adults in the KFL&A area may not be obtaining enough folate to meet their nutritional needs, and may be at risk for health problems associated with folate deficiency. However, without concomitant serum folate measurements, the proportion is not known. Dietitians need to continue promoting foods naturally rich in folate, along with folic acid-fortified foods. While none of the older adults consumed more than the UL, some could exceed this amount if folic acid supplements were added to a folic acid-rich diet.

scholarly journals Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire to assess folate intake

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pufulete ◽  
Peter W. Emery ◽  
Michael Nelson ◽  
Thomas A. B. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
The Self ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Erythrocyte Folate ◽  
Biochemical Indices

A short quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess folate intake was developed and validated against a 7-d weighed food intake record (7d-WR) and biochemical indices of folate status. Thirty-six men and women completed the self-administered FFQ on two occasions a month apart, kept a 7d-WR and gave two fasting blood samples at the beginning and end of the study for measuring serum and erythrocyte folate, respectively. Mean folate intakes were similar by repeat FFQ and correlated strongly (r 0·77 and r 0·72, P<0·001, for men and women, respectively). All other comparisons were done using the results of the FFQ administered on the first occasion. Men reported similar folate intakes on the FFQ and 7d-WR, but women reported greater intakes on the FFQ compared with the 7d-WR (P<0·05). There was a statistically significant correlation (partial, controlling for gender) between folate intakes reported by FFQ and 7d-WR (r 0·53, P<0·01). Folate intakes estimated by FFQ correlated significantly with serum (r 0·47, P<0·01), but not erythrocyte folate (r 0·25, P>0·05); the strength of the association was greater in men than in women. Validity coefficients estimated using the method of triads were higher for the FFQ than for the 7d-WR when serum folate was used as the biomarker. Overall, these results suggest that this short FFQ is a useful method for assessing folate intake, particularly in men.

Robert Gardiner Hill and the Non-Restraint Movement*

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Jones
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

An account is given of the professional life of Robert Gardiner Hill before and after the publication in 1839 of his lecture on the Total Abolition of Restraint in the Treatment of the Insane. The lecture is summarized and an attempt is made to evaluate his work which has been overshadowed by that of John Connolly. This paper was researched before the author came to North America. A library request to check that no recent work had appeared on the history of the restraint controversy produced two papers published in 1978. One roundly advocates restraint (1) the other acknowledges its widespread practice in Canada (2).

scholarly journals The 677C→T variant of MTHFR is the major genetic modifier of biomarkers of folate status in a young, healthy Irish population

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Shane ◽  
Faith Pangilinan ◽  
James L Mills ◽  
Ruzong Fan ◽  
Tingting Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Total Homocysteine

ABSTRACT Background Genetic polymorphisms can explain some of the population- and individual-based variations in nutritional status biomarkers. Objective We sought to screen the entire human genome for common genetic polymorphisms that influence folate-status biomarkers in healthy individuals. Design We carried out candidate gene analyses and genome-wide association scans in 2232 young, healthy Irish subjects to evaluate which common genetic polymorphisms influence red blood cell folate, serum folate, and plasma total homocysteine. Results The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T (rs1801133) variant was the major genetic modifier of all 3 folate-related biomarkers in this Irish population and reached genome-wide significance for red blood cell folate (P = 1.37 × 10−17), serum folate (P = 2.82 × 10−11), and plasma total homocysteine (P = 1.26 × 10−19) concentrations. A second polymorphism in the MTHFR gene (rs3753584, P = 1.09 × 10−11) was the only additional MTHFR variant to exhibit any significant independent effect on red blood cell folate. Other MTHFR variants, including the 1298A→C variant (rs1801131), appeared to reach genome-wide significance, but these variants shared linkage disequilibrium with MTHFR 677C→T and were not significant when analyzed in MTHFR 677CC homozygotes. No additional non-MTHFR modifiers of red blood cell or plasma folate were detected. Two additional genome-wide significant modifiers of plasma homocysteine were found in the region of the dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) gene on chromosome 16 and the Twist neighbor B (TWISTNB) gene on chromosome 7. Conclusions The MTHFR 677C→T variant is the predominant genetic modifier of folate status biomarkers in this healthy Irish population. It is not necessary to determine MTHFR 677C→T genotype to evaluate folate status because its effect is reflected in concentrations of standard folate biomarkers. The MTHFR 1298A→C variant had no independent effect on folate status biomarkers. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association study report on red blood cell folate and the first report of an association between homocysteine and TWISTNB.

scholarly journals Folate status of Ghanaian populations in London and Accra

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Owusu ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Edwin Wiredu ◽  
Maria Pufulete
Keyword(s):  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Erythrocyte Folate ◽  
The Uk

Migration to the UK is associated with higher incidence of stroke in African populations. A low folate status has been associated with increased risk of stroke, likely to be mediated through raised plasma homocysteine concentrations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare blood folate and homocysteine concentrations in eighty healthy Ghanaian migrants living in London matched by sex, age and occupation to 160 individuals from an urban population in Accra, Ghana. Folate intake was determined using three 24 h recalls. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of serum and erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C → T polymorphism. Reported mean folate intake was 20 % lower in London compared with Accra (P < 0·001). However, serum folate was 44 % higher, erythrocyte folate 30 % higher and plasma homocysteine was 26 % lower in subjects from London compared with those from Accra (P < 0·001). These differences persisted after adjusting for confounders including the MTHFR 677C → T mutation, which was rare in both populations. Although there were no associations between dietary folate intake and blood folates (P>0·05), folic acid supplement use, which was more prevalent in London than Accra (25 and 10 %, respectively,P = 0·004) was associated with erythrocyte folate in both populations (P < 0·01). The main predictors of plasma homocysteine concentrations were erythrocyte folate and male sex (P < 0·001). Findings from the present study suggest that migration from Ghana to the UK results in improvement of biomarkers of folate status despite the fact that reported dietary intake of folate was apparently lower in subjects from London.

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