scholarly journals Feeding mink (Neovison vison) a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy induces higher birth weight and altered hepatic gene expression in the F2 offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie F. Matthiesen ◽  
Dominique Blache ◽  
Preben D. Thomsen ◽  
Anne-Helene Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Early Life Programming ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Generation Offspring

Malnutrition during foetal life can induce modifications in the phenotype of an individual. The present study aimed to observe effects of low foetal life protein provision on modifications of the phenotype and changes in the progeny of 1-year-old female mink (F1 generation) offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet. Traits studied included reproductive performance, energy and protein metabolism, and key hepatic enzymes associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic hormones. The F0 generation offspring were fed either a low-protein (14 % of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein – FLP1) or an adequate-protein (29 % of ME from protein – FAP1) diet for the last 17·9 (sd 3·6) d of gestation. The F1 dams were studied at birth and at 1 year of age, during their first reproductive cycle, after maintenance on an adequate diet from birth and thereafter. Metabolic traits during gestation and lactation were largely unaffected by foetal life protein provision, but birth weight in the F2 generation was higher (P = 0·003) among FLP2 kits than among FAP2 kits. Furthermore, the relative abundance of pyruvate kinase mRNA was significantly (P = 0·007) lower, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase mRNA tended (P = 0·08) to be lower in FLP2 foetuses than in FAP2 foetuses, showing some similar difference in the F2 generation and F1 generation foetuses, suggesting an effect on some hepatic enzymes affecting glucose homeostasis being transmitted from the F1 to the F2 generation. These findings indicate that even though energy and nitrogen metabolism displayed no effect of protein provision during early life, programming effects still appeared at the molecular level in the following generation.

scholarly journals Fetal and neonatal exposure to AZT and low-protein diet affects glucose homeostasis: a model with implications for AIDS prevention

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. E1115-E1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Morten ◽  
P. Field ◽  
N. Ashley ◽  
K. A. Williams ◽  
D. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Nutritional Deprivation ◽  
Low Protein

Zidovudine (AZT) lowers the perinatal transmission of HIV but can impair mitochondrial function by depleting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). AZT therapy and perinatal nutritional deprivation affect the body fat distribution, which influences glucose tolerance. We sought to model intrauterine exposure to AZT in humans to determine whether it interacts with low-protein diet (LPD) to impact on birth weight and glucose homeostasis in the offspring. Pregnant dams and their offspring were given AZT, an LPD, or AZT and an LPD (LPD + AZT). AZT reduced mtDNA copy number in liver and birth weight in the offspring and increased their fasting glucose and insulin ( P = 0.021, 0.03, 0.001, and 0.011 respectively) at 6–8 wk of age. LPD decreased litter size and birth weight ( P = 0.01 and 0.012). In the LPD + AZT group, birth weight and litter size were reduced compared with untreated controls, and fasting blood glucose and insulin were raised. There was a significant interaction between LPD and AZT on fasting insulin levels ( P = 0.025). Islet size was not significantly affected, but the mean β-cell area/islet was reduced in the LPD + AZT group compared with controls ( P < 0.05). Early exposure to AZT interacts with LPD to impair fetal development in this model. This combination appeared to impair the supply of insulin and, hence, glucose homeostasis, perhaps as a result of impaired mitochondrial function. Although it is not certain that this can be extrapolated to humans, maternal nutritional deprivation combined with AIDS therapy could influence both birth weight and onset of diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of Low Birth Weight on Early Vascular Aging and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Later Life Among Cameroonian Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Daniel Lemogoum ◽  
Philippe van de Borne ◽  
Michel P. Hermans ◽  
Danielle Christiane Kedy Mangamba ◽  
Aurel Sikamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Difference

Background Evidence suggests that low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk in adulthood, including increased arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging (EVA) assessable by pulse wave velocity (PWV), obesity and glucose homeostasis abnormalities. The present study aimed to explore the late impact of LBW on PWV and cardiometabolic phenotypes among young adult Cameroonians. Methods The study evaluated 120 subjects (mean age: 26 ± 5 years; 54% male sex) at the Cameroon Heart Institute, Douala, Cameroon, between January and June 2018. Birth weight (BW) and gestational age, sociodemographic, anthropometrics and fasting capillary blood glucose were recorded in all participants. Blood pressure (BP) and PWV were measured using an automatic oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph®). Multiple-adjusted linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for PWV. For assessment of potential impact of BW on EVA, PWV was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results 28 participants (23.3%) of the study sample had LBW (<3000g). There was no gender difference between LBW or normal birth weight patients (NBW; controls). Age- and MAP-adjusted PWV (aPWV) were higher in women with LBW compared to NBW (5.6 m/s and 5.3 m/s respectively, P = 0.038). In men, aPWV was similar in LBW and NBW. In this study population, aPWV was higher (on average +15 cm/s) in LBW than in controls, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.083). Multivariate regression analysis showed age, male sex, BMI and MAP were independent determinants of PWV, but not LBW. Compared to NBW controls, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes was higher in LBW: 42.9% vs 37%; 10.7% vs 3.3%, and 3.6 % vs 1.1%, respectively. Moreover, compared with controls, LBW individuals who were overweight/obese in adulthood had a much higher mean fasting capillary glucose (1.54 ±0.17 g/l vs 0.87 ±0.11 g/l in NBW, p=0.003). Conclusion This study suggests that although LBW is associated with increased aortic stiffness in young adulthood, mainly in women, the association was predominantly driven by aging, MAP, BMI and male sex. In adulthood, LBW subjects exhibited higher obesity indices and altered glucose homeostasis.

Milk Protein Quantity and Quality in Low-Birth-Weight Infants: II. Effects on Selected Aliphatic Amino Acids in Plasma and Urine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Rassin ◽  
Gerald E. Gaull ◽  
Kirsti Heinonen ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihäa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

The optimal quantity and quality of protein for low-birth-weight infants is undefined. In this study, 106 well, appropriate-for-gestational-age, low-birth-weight infants weighing 2,100 gm or less were divided into three gestational age groups and assigned randomly within each age group to one of five feeding regimens: pooled human milk; formula 1 (protein content, 1.5 gm/100 ml, 60 parts bovine whey proteins to 40 parts bovine caseins); formula 2 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 60:40); formula 3 (1.5 gm/100 ml, 18:82); and formula 4 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 18:82). The concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma and urine of these infants were determined. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids were generally far greater in the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml protein diets than they were in the infants fed pooled human milk. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids of the infants fed the 1.5-gm/100 ml protein diets were intermediate. In general, the concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma of the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml caseinpredominant formula (F4) were furthest from those fed pooled human milk. Glutamate showed the highest plasma amino acid concentrations in infants fed both the high- and low-protein casein-predominant formulas. This was true despite the fact that the intake of glutamate on the high-protein, whey-predominant formula was twice that on the low-protein, casein-predominant formula. The differences between groups in the essential amino acids in plasma were generally greater than those of the nonessential amino acids. The concentrations of amino acids in the urine tended to parallel those of the plasma.

Maternal low-protein diet during lactation combined with early overfeeding impair male offspring’s long-term glucose homeostasis

Endocrine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Fernando Salgueiro Simões ◽  
Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra ◽  
Ana Maria Praxedes Moraes ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

The effect of whiskey and low-protein diets on hepatic enzymes in rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando B. Figueroa ◽  
Arthur P. Klotz
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Maternal Low-Protein and Low-Quality Protein Diets on Body Composition, Glucose-Homeostasis and Metabolic Factors, Followed by Reversible Changes upon Rehabilitation in Adult Rat Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4129
Author(s):  
Pandarinath Savitikadi ◽  
Raghu Pullakhandam ◽  
Bharati Kulkarni ◽  
Boiroju Naveen Kumar ◽  
Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Several studies suggest that the maternal protein content and source can affect the offspring’s health. However, the chronic impact of maternal quality and quantity protein restriction, and reversible changes upon rehabilitation, if any, in the offspring, remains elusive. This study examined the effects of maternal low-quality protein (LQP) and low-protein (LP) intake from preconception to post-weaning, followed by rehabilitation from weaning, on body composition, glucose-homeostasis, and metabolic factors in rat offspring. Wistar rats were exposed to normal protein (NP; 20% casein), LQP (20% wheat gluten) or LP (8% casein) isocaloric diets for 7 weeks before pregnancy until lactation. After weaning, the offspring were exposed to five diets: NP, LQP, LQPR (LQP rehabilitated with NP), LP, and LPR (LP rehabilitated with NP) for 16 weeks. Body composition, glucose-homeostasis, lipids, and plasma hormones were investigated. The LQP and LP offspring had lower bodyweight, fat and lean mass, insulin and HOMA-IR than the NP. The LQP offspring had higher cholesterol, T3 and T4, and lower triacylglycerides and glucose, while these were unaltered in LP compared to NP. The majority of the above outcomes were reversed upon rehabilitation. These results suggest that the chronic exposure of rats to maternal LQP and LP diets induced differential adverse effects by influencing body composition and metabolism, which were reversed upon rehabilitation.

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