Mature Body Weight and Life Span of Male and Female Progeny of Primiparous Rats Fed a Low Protein or Adequate Diet Throughout Pregnancy

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a GnRH analogue (Improvac, Zoetis, USA) on growth parameters, and serum concentration of testosterone in male and female pigs fed wet low-protein diets. Nineteen crossbred (York-Landrace x Duroc) pigs with an initial BW of 43.9±2.4 kg were individually housed in pens (1.44 m2) equipped with feeder and nipple water drinker, and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: ICM: immunocastrated males (n = 8); ICF: immunocastrated females (n = 6); and EFE: entire females (n = 5). All animals were fed ad libitum the same grower (44–65 kg BW) 14.4% CP, and finishing (65 kg BW to slaughter) 13.6% CP diets, offered as wet (1:1 water:feed). Immunocastrated pigs received two GnRH analogue doses at 119 and 147 days of age (days 22 and 49 of the experiment, respectively). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and gain:feed were evaluated in three periods (P) of the experiment: P1 (21 days previous to the first dose); P2 (from the first to second GnRH analogue doses); P3 (21 days after the second analogue dose). Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined in blood samples at days 21, 35, 49, 63, and 70. Results were analyzed in a randomized design, with ANOVA using SPSS. Three contrasts were constructed: C1: ICM vs ICF; C2: ICF vs EFE, and C3: ICM vs EFE. Final body weight was similar among treatments (P >0.05). In P3, weight gain, feed intake, and gain:feed of ICM was higher than EFE (P< 0.05), however results were similar (P >0.05) among treatments for periods P1 and P2. Serum testosterone concentration in ICM was higher (P < 0.01) than ICF and EFE until the second GnRH analogue dose, but similar among treatments (P >0.05) thereafter. In conclusion, immunocastrated males had better growth parameters than entire females, but similar to those of immunocastrated females.

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Effect of In-Utero Exposure to High Dose Diethylstilbestrol on Intervertebral Disk in Adult Male and Female Progeny

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1319931 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. s-0032-1319931-s-0032-1319931

Author(s):

S. Al Rowas ◽

R. Gawri ◽

R. Haddad ◽

A. Almaawi ◽

L. E. Chalifour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

In Utero ◽

Intervertebral Disk ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

High Dose ◽

Female Progeny ◽

Male And Female

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ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.11.3.2016.217-223 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Estu Nugroho ◽

Budi Setyono ◽

Mochammad Su’eb ◽

Tri Heru Prihadi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Selection Response ◽

Base Population ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Male And Female ◽

Body Weight Trait ◽

Population Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Weight Trait ◽

Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

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Traits that influence longevity in mice: a second look.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/132.1.229 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 229-239

Author(s):

K B Dear ◽

M Salazar ◽

A L Watson ◽

R S Gelman ◽

R Bronson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Genetic Interactions ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Chromosome 4 ◽

Histological Findings ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Genotype ◽

Dominant Black

Abstract Analysis of genetic interactions in the F2 of an intercross of (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F1J revealed influences of genetic factors on life span. Females lived longer than males. Dilute brown females died sooner than females of other colors. H-2b/H-2b males died sooner than H-2b/H-2d or H-2d/H-2d males, except that among dilute brown males those of typeH-2b/H-2d died sooner. Cluster analysis suggested that male and female genotypes each fall into two groups, with female dilute brown mice having shorter lives than other females, and male H-2b/H-2b mice except dilute brown and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d mice having shorter lives than other males. The association of heterozygosity with life span was clearer in females than in males, yet the longest-lived female genotype was homozygous H-2d/H-2d, of dominant Black phenotype at the Brown locus of chromosome 4, and homozygous dd at the Dilute locus of chromosome 9. The shortest-lived females were dilute brown H-2b/H-2b. The longest-lived and shortest-lived male genotypes were dilute brown H-2d/H-2d and dilute brown H-2b/H-2d, respectively. Although histological findings at postmortem differed between the sexes, there was no association of particular disorders with other genetic markers. The importance of H-2 in males was confirmed, but the allelic effects were perturbed, possibly by the absence of Sendai infection in this experiment. Overall our studies suggest that genetic influences on life span involve interactions between loci, and allelic interactions may change with viral infections or other environmental factors.

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Sex-Specific Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction on the Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 781 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katherine F. Wallis ◽

Stepan B. Melnyk ◽

Isabelle R. Miousse

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Animal Models ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Protein Methylation ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Male And Female ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Methionine Restriction

Dietary methionine restriction is associated with improved health outcomes and an increase in lifespan in animal models. We have previously shown that an increase in dietary methionine induces alteration in the intestinal microbiome. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is a determinant of health and we, therefore, hypothesized that dietary methionine restriction would also induce changes in the murine microbiome. After one month on a methionine-restricted diet, five-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice had decreased levels of serum methionine, without changes in body weight. We identified a decrease in the hepatic methylation status of animals fed a methionine-restricted diet compared to controls. This decrease was not associated with changes in DNA or protein methylation in the liver. In males, we saw an increase in families Bacteroidaceae and Verrucoccaceae (mostly A. mucinophila) and a decrease in Rumminococcaceae in animals fed a methionine-restricted diet compared to controls. In females, Bacteroidales family S24-7 was increased two-fold, while families Bacteroidaceae, Verrucoccaceae, Rumminococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae were decreased compared to controls. In summary, feeding a methionine-restricted diet for one month was associated with significant and sex-specific changes in the intestinal microbiome.

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Genetic Regulation of Life Span, Metabolism, and Body Weight in Pohn, a New Wild-Derived Mouse Strain

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gls104 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rong Yuan ◽

Kevin Flurkey ◽

Qingying Meng ◽

Mike C. Astle ◽

David E. Harrison

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Life Span ◽

Mouse Strain ◽

Genetic Regulation

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Feeding mink (Neovison vison) a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy induces higher birth weight and altered hepatic gene expression in the F2 offspring

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510000802 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (4) ◽

pp. 544-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Connie F. Matthiesen ◽

Dominique Blache ◽

Preben D. Thomsen ◽

Anne-Helene Tauson

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Hepatic Enzymes ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Metabolic Hormones ◽

Low Protein ◽

Early Life Programming ◽

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽

Foetal Life ◽

Generation Offspring

Malnutrition during foetal life can induce modifications in the phenotype of an individual. The present study aimed to observe effects of low foetal life protein provision on modifications of the phenotype and changes in the progeny of 1-year-old female mink (F1 generation) offspring of mothers fed a low-protein diet. Traits studied included reproductive performance, energy and protein metabolism, and key hepatic enzymes associated with glucose homeostasis and metabolic hormones. The F0 generation offspring were fed either a low-protein (14 % of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein – FLP1) or an adequate-protein (29 % of ME from protein – FAP1) diet for the last 17·9 (sd 3·6) d of gestation. The F1 dams were studied at birth and at 1 year of age, during their first reproductive cycle, after maintenance on an adequate diet from birth and thereafter. Metabolic traits during gestation and lactation were largely unaffected by foetal life protein provision, but birth weight in the F2 generation was higher (P = 0·003) among FLP2 kits than among FAP2 kits. Furthermore, the relative abundance of pyruvate kinase mRNA was significantly (P = 0·007) lower, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase mRNA tended (P = 0·08) to be lower in FLP2 foetuses than in FAP2 foetuses, showing some similar difference in the F2 generation and F1 generation foetuses, suggesting an effect on some hepatic enzymes affecting glucose homeostasis being transmitted from the F1 to the F2 generation. These findings indicate that even though energy and nitrogen metabolism displayed no effect of protein provision during early life, programming effects still appeared at the molecular level in the following generation.

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Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91274-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Moro ◽

Catherine Chaumontet ◽

Patrick C. Even ◽

Anne Blais ◽

Julien Piedcoq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Deficiency ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

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Early sex determination of Turkey by observation of differences in body weight between male and female

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v31i3.52126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

S Akter ◽

SC Das ◽

AS Apu ◽

T Ahmed ◽

A Lahiry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Male And Female ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Percent Accuracy ◽

Similar Body ◽

Black Color ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The present study was conducted to determine the early sex in turkeys by observation of the differences in body weight between male and female birds. A total of 30-day old black color unsexed poults having almost similar body weight at hatching were considered for the experimentation and housed at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. All birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management with supplementation of commercial broiler starter and grower feeds. Birds were reared under similar management conditions. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight was attained in male poults (104g/bird) than the female (90g/bird) at the end of 1st week of age. Similarly, at the end of 2nd week of age higher (p<0.01) body weight attained by male poults (198.31g/bird) than the female (162.13g/bird). At the end of 3rd weeks of age male poults attained higher (p<0.01) body weight (307.23g/bird) than the female (251.33g/bird). After 4 weeks of rearing, male turkeys attained significantly higher (p<0.01) live body weight (424.46g/bird) than the female turkeys (347.87g/bird). The weekly average body weight gains of male and female birds were 94.18g/bird and 76.5g/bird, respectively. Thus, the male and female birds were successfully identified on the basis of differences in their body weight. Weekly feed intake for both the male and female birds was also increased with their age. Up to 4 weeks of age, both the male and female poults consumed same amount of feed (753.46g/bird). The FCR of male and female poults differed non-significantly in 1st, 3rd and 4th week. On the contrary, in 2nd week of age the FCR of male poults (1.60) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than female (2.11). Survivability was 100% up to 4th week of age irrespective of sex of the poults. The birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age until to confirm their sex by observation of the phenotypic appearance. Results of the phenotypic observation of male and female birds correspondence hundred percent accuracy with the results obtained in body weight based differences between male and female birds. It is therefore concluded that farmers can identify male or female poults as early as first week of age on the basis of body weight differences. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 218-226, 2020

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