scholarly journals Effect of dietary laminarin and fucoidan on selected microbiota, intestinal morphology and immune status of the newly weaned pig

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Walsh ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
C. J. O'Shea ◽  
D. N. Doyle ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Combination Diet ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Weaned Pig

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interactions between laminarin (LAM; 0 and 300 parts per million (ppm)) and fucoidan (FUC; 0 and 240 ppm) levels on intestinal morphology, selected microbiota and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the weaned pig. There was an interaction between LAM and FUC supplementation on the Enterobacteriaceae population (P< 0·05) and the abundance of attaching and effacingEscherichia coli(AEEC) strains (P< 0·05) in the colon. Pigs offered the FUC diet had a reduced Enterobacteriaceae population compared with pigs offered the basal diet. However, the effect of FUC on the Enterobacteriaceae population was not observed when combined with LAM. Pigs offered the LAM diet had reduced abundance of AEEC strains compared with pigs offered the basal diet. However, there was no effect of LAM on the abundance of AEEC strains when combined with FUC. There was an interaction between LAM and FUC supplementation on villous height (P< 0·01) and the villous height:crypt depth ratio (P< 0·01) in the duodenum. Pigs offered the LAM or FUC diet had an increased villous height and villous height:crypt depth ratio compared with pigs offered the basal diet. However, there was no effect of the LAM and FUC combination diet on intestinal morphology. Pigs offered the LAM-supplemented diets had a lowerIL-6(P< 0·05),IL-17A(P< 0·01) andIL-1β(P< 0·01) mRNA expression in the colon compared with pigs offered the diets without LAM. In conclusion, supplementation with either LAM or FUC alone modified intestinal morphology and selected intestinal microbiota, but these effects were lost when offered in combination.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary seaweed extracts and fish oil supplementation in sows on performance, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune status of weaned pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Leonard ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
B. Bahar ◽  
B. P. Lynch ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment (ten sows per treatment) was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal dietary supplementation with a seaweed extract (SWE; 0 v. 10·0 g/d) and fish oil (FO; 0 v. 100 g/d) inclusion from day 109 of gestation until weaning (day 26) on pig performance post-weaning (PW) and intestinal morphology, selected microflora and immune status of pigs 9 d PW. The SWE contained laminarin (10 %), fucoidan (8 %) and ash (82 %) and the FO contained 40 % EPA and 25 % DHA. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had higher daily gain (P = 0·063) between days 0 and 21 PW and pigs weaned from FO-supplemented sows had higher daily gain (P < 0·05) and gain to feed ratio (P < 0·01) between days 7 and 14 PW. There was an interaction between maternal SWE and FO supplementation on caecal Escherichia coli numbers (P < 0·05) and the villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P < 0·01) and jejunum (P < 0·05) in pigs 9 d PW. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had lower caecal E. coli and a higher villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and jejunum compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows (P < 0·05). There was no effect of SWE on E. coli numbers and villous height to crypt depth ratio with FO inclusion. Maternal FO supplementation induced an increase in colonic mRNA abundance of IL-1α and IL-6 (P < 0·05), while SWE supplementation induced an increase in ileal TNF-α (P < 0·01) and colonic TFF3 mRNA expression (P < 0·05). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SWE and FO supplementation to the maternal diet influenced the gastrointestinal environment and performance of the weaned pig.

scholarly journals Rice Bran Protein Hydrolysates Improve Insulin Resistance and Decrease Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Rats Fed a High Carbohydrate-High Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 6313-6329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kampeebhorn Boonloh ◽  
Veerapol Kukongviriyapan ◽  
Bunkerd Kongyingyoes ◽  
Upa Kukongviriyapan ◽  
Supawan Thawornchinsombut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Improve Insulin Resistance

scholarly journals Effects of prepartum oilseed supplements on subclinical endometritis, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in endometrial cells and postpartum ovarian function in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Salehi ◽  
Marcos G. Colazo ◽  
Mohanathas Gobikrushanth ◽  
Urmila Basu ◽  
Divakar J. Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Postpartum uterine infections affect ovarian function and delay ovulation in cattle. As dietary fats can affect immune cell function, we investigated the influence of prepartum diets on postpartum uterine inflammatory status (UIS) as assessed 25 ± 1 days postpartum by endometrial cytology (normal: ≤8% polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) vs subclinical endometritis (SCE): >8% PMN) and associations between SCE, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ovarian function. During the last 5 weeks of gestation, dairy cows received a diet supplemented with 8% rolled sunflower (n = 10) or canola seed (n = 9) or no oilseed (n = 9). Ovaries were scanned until 35 days postpartum. Prepartum diets did not influence SCE, but a preovulatory-size follicle developed sooner (P ≤ 0.05), the interval to first ovulation was shorter and the proportion of cows ovulating within 35 days postpartum was greater in the sunflower seed group. Although mRNA expression of cytokines was not affected by diet, cows with SCE had higher (P ≤ 0.05) expression of interleukin-1β (IL1B), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), IL10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) than normal cows. The interval (mean ± s.e.m.) from calving to preovulatory-size follicle was shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in normal (13.2 ± 0.9 days) than SCE cows (18.7 ± 1.4 days). In summary, a prepartum diet supplemented with sunflower seed positively influenced postpartum ovarian function without affecting UIS or pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cells.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Different Postbiotics Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota Composition, Immune Status, and Growth Gene Expression in Broilers under Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humam ◽  
Loh ◽  
Foo ◽  
Samsudin ◽  
Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Treatment Groups

The effects of feeding different postbiotics on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, immune status, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in broilers under heat stress were assessed in this study. A total of 252 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned in cages in identical environmentally controlled chambers. During the starter period from 1 to 21 days, all the birds were fed the same basal diet. On day 22, the birds were weighed and randomly divided into six treatment groups and exposed to cyclic high temperature at 36 ± 1 °C for 3 h per day from 11:00 to 14:00 until the end of the experiment. From day 22 to 42 (finisher period), an equal number of birds were subjected to one of the following diets: NC (negative control) basal diet; PC (positive control) basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline; or AA (ascorbic acid) basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid. The other three groups (RI11, RS5 and UL4) were basal diet + 0.3% different postbiotics (produced from different Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and defined as RI11, RS5 and UL4, respectively). The results demonstrated that birds fed RI11 diets had significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain than the birds that received the NC, PC and AA treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the RI11 group compared with the other groups. Carcass parameters were not affected by the postbiotic-supplemented diet. Postbiotic supplementation improved villi height significantly in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to the NC, PC and AA treatments. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly higher in NC group compared to other treatment groups except RI11 in duodenum, and UL4 in ileum was not different with NC groups. The villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and ileum was significantly higher for the postbiotic treatment groups and AA than the PC and NC treatment groups. The postbiotic RI11 group recorded significantly higher caecum total bacteria and Lactobacillus count and lower Salmonella count compared to the NC and PC treatment groups. The Bifidobacterium population in the NC group was significantly lower compared to the other treatment groups. The postbiotic (RI11, RS5 and UL4) and AA treatment groups showed lower Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts and caecal pH than the NC and PC treatment groups. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly higher in the birds receiving postbiotic RI11 than those receiving other treatments. The plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was higher in the RI11 treatment group than in the NC, AA and RS5 groups. The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was not affected by postbiotic supplements. The hepatic GHR mRNA expression level was significantly increased in birds fed postbiotics RI11, RS5 and UL4, AA and PC compared to the NC-fed birds. Postbiotic RI11 led to significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level compared to the NC, PC, and AA treatments. Mortality was numerically lesser in the postbiotic treatment groups, but not significantly different among all the treatments. In conclusion, among the postbiotics applied in the current study as compared with NC, PC and AA, RI11 could be used as a potential alternative antibiotic growth promoter and anti-stress treatment in the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Caspase-8 promotes c-Rel–dependent inflammatory cytokine expression and resistance againstToxoplasma gondii

2019 ◽  
pp. 201820529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. DeLaney ◽  
Corbett T. Berry ◽  
David A. Christian ◽  
Andrew Hart ◽  
Elisabet Bjanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
Monocyte Recruitment

Caspase-8 is a key integrator of cell survival and cell death decisions during infection and inflammation. Following engagement of tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors or certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs), caspase-8 initiates cell-extrinsic apoptosis while inhibiting RIPK3-dependent programmed necrosis. In addition, caspase-8 has an important, albeit less well understood, role in cell-intrinsic inflammatory gene expression. Macrophages lacking caspase-8 or the adaptor FADD have defective inflammatory cytokine expression and inflammasome priming in response to bacterial infection or TLR stimulation. How caspase-8 regulates cytokine gene expression, and whether caspase-8–mediated gene regulation has a physiological role during infection, remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that both caspase-8 enzymatic activity and scaffolding functions contribute to inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Caspase-8 enzymatic activity was necessary for maximal expression ofIl1bandIl12b, but caspase-8 deficient cells exhibited a further decrease in expression of these genes. Furthermore, the ability of TLR stimuli to induce optimal IκB kinase phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells family member c-Rel required caspase activity. Interestingly, overexpression of c-Rel was sufficient to restore expression of IL-12 and IL-1β in caspase-8–deficient cells. Moreover,Ripk3−/−Casp8−/−mice were unable to control infection by the intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondii, which corresponded to defects in monocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity, and exogenous IL-12 restored monocyte recruitment and protection of caspase-8–deficient mice during acute toxoplasmosis. These findings provide insight into how caspase-8 controls inflammatory gene expression and identify a critical role for caspase-8 in host defense against eukaryotic pathogens.

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Different Types of Granulomatous Lesions during Asymptomatic Stages of Bovine Paratuberculosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanaka ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Onitsuka ◽  
H. Kamata ◽  
Y. Yokomizo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions

The granulomatous lesions in bovine paratuberculosis have been classified into two types, i.e., the lepromatous type and the tuberculoid type. To clarify the immunopathologic mechanisms at the site of infection, we compared inflammatory cytokine gene expression between the two types of lesions. Samples were obtained from noninfected control cows ( n =5) and naturally infected cows ( n =7) that were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal culture test. Although none of the infected cows showed clinical signs, tuberculoid lesions were observed in five cows (tuberculoid group) and lepromatous lesions in two cows (lepromatous group). Among the cytokines examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Th2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, and Th1-type cytokine IL-2 were expressed more significantly in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid ( P < 0.01) and noninfected groups ( P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the expression of interferon-gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF among lepromatous, tuberculoid, and noninfected groups. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 mRNA, however, did not differ among the three groups; IL-18 was expressed at lower levels in the lepromatous group than in the tuberculoid group and the noninfected group ( P < 0.0001). Moreover, the number of cells in which IL-18 mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization was markedly decreased in the lepromatous group. These results indicate that the formation of lepromatous-type lesions or tuberculoid-type lesions may be influenced by alterations in Th1/Th2-type cytokine production and that IL-18 may play an important role in a Th1-to-Th2 switch in paratuberculosis.

scholarly journals Maternal supplementation of seaweed-derived polysaccharides improves intestinal health and immune status of suckling piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Heim ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty ◽  
C. J. O'Shea ◽  
D. N. Doyle ◽  
A. M. Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Weaning Piglets

AbstractThe experiment investigated the effect of maternal dietary supplementation of seaweed-derived polysaccharides (SDP) (–SDPv.+SDP,n   20) from day 83 of gestation until weaning (day 28) on selected sow faeces and piglet digesta microbiota populations, piglet small-intestinal morphology, and intestinal nutrient transporter and inflammatory cytokine gene expression at birth, 48 h after birth and weaning. The effect of maternal dietary treatment on the piglet gene expression profile of inflammatory cytokines in the colon following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was also investigated. Dietary SDP reduced sow faecal Enterobacteriaceae gene numbers at parturition. Small-intestinal morphology, nutrient transporter and cytokine gene expression in newborn piglets did not differ between maternal dietary treatments (P > 0·10). At 48 h after birth, sodium–glucose-linked transporter 1 gene expression was down-regulated in the ileum of piglets suckling the SDP-supplemented sows compared with those suckling the basal sows (P = 0·050). There was a SDP × LPS challenge interaction onIL-1andIL-6gene expression in the colon of piglets (P < 0·05). The gene expression ofIL-1andIL-6was down-regulated in the LPS-challenged colon of piglets suckling the SDP sows compared with those suckling the basal sows (P < 0·05). However, there was no difference inIL-1andIL-6gene expression in the unchallenged colon between treatment groups. At weaning, piglets suckling the SDP-supplemented sows had increased villus height in the jejunum and ileum compared with those suckling the basal-fed sows (P < 0·05). In conclusion, maternal dietary SDP supplementation enhanced the immune response of suckling piglets and improved gut morphology, making them more immune competent to deal with post-weaning adversities.

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