scholarly journals The PRO GREENS intervention in Finnish schoolchildren – the degree of implementation affects both mediators and the intake of fruits and vegetables

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
Suvi Määttä ◽  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Saskia te Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
School Year ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
Pro Greens ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Little is known about the mediating effects of the determinants of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in school-based interventions that promote FV intake, and few studies have examined the impact of the degree of implementation on the effects of an intervention. The present study examined whether the degree of implementation of an intervention had an effect on children's fruit or vegetable intake and determined possible mediators of this effect. The study is part of the European PRO GREENS intervention study which aimed to develop effective strategies to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables in schoolchildren across Europe. Data from 727 Finnish children aged 11 years were used. The baseline study was conducted in spring 2009 and the follow-up study 12 months later. The intervention was conducted during the school year 2009–2010. The effects were examined using multilevel mediation analyses. A high degree of implementation of the intervention had an effect on children's fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and liking mediated the association between a high degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Knowledge of recommendations for FV intake and bringing fruits to school as a snack mediated the association between a low degree of implementation of the intervention and an increase in the frequency of fruit intake. Overall, the model accounted for 34 % of the variance in the change in fruit intake frequency. Knowledge of recommendations acted as a mediator between the degree of implementation of the intervention and the change in vegetable intake frequency. In conclusion, the degree of implementation had an effect on fruit intake, and thus in future intervention studies the actual degree of implementation of interventions should be assessed when considering the effects of interventions.

scholarly journals Do descriptive norms related to parents and friends predict fruit and vegetable intake similarly among 11-year-old girls and boys?

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Descriptive Norms ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Pro Greens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examined whether there are sex differences in children’s fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and in descriptive norms (i.e. perceived FV intake) related to parents and friends. We also studied whether friends’ impact is as important as that of parents on children’s FV intake. Data from the PRO GREENS project in Finland were obtained from 424 children at the age 11 years at baseline. At baseline, 2009 children filled in a questionnaire about descriptive norms conceptualised as perceived FV intake of their parents and friends. They also filled in a validated FFQ that assessed their FV intake both at baseline and in the follow-up in 2010. The associations were examined with multi-level regression analyses with multi-group comparisons. Girls reported higher perceived FV intake of friends and higher own fruit intake at baseline, compared with boys, and higher vegetable intake both at baseline and in the follow-up. Perceived FV intake of parents and friends was positively associated with both girls’ and boys’ FV intake in both study years. The impact of perceived fruit intake of the mother was stronger among boys. The change in children’s FV intake was affected only by perceived FV intake of father and friends. No large sex differences in descriptive norms were found, but the impact of friends on children’s FV intake can generally be considered as important as that of parents. Future interventions could benefit from taking into account friends’ impact as role models on children’s FV intake.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Informal Caregivers’ Health Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 959-959
Author(s):  
Mary Greaney ◽  
Zachary Kunicki ◽  
Megan Drohan ◽  
Steven Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The population of older adults aged 65+ in the US is projected to increase from 15% to 21% in the next 30 years. Aging in place provides cost-savings and familiarity to the older adult, but often requires informal caregivers. Informal caregivers, individuals who provide unpaid care of assistance to family members and friends may have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and shelter-at-home orders. Research is needed to examine how the pandemic impacted caregivers’ caregiving responsibilities and health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sedentary time, fruit and vegetable intake, snacking, etc.) as this information will be invaluable to determine if health promotion interventions are needed for informal caregivers. Self-reported data were gathered from informal caregivers providing care to someone aged 50+ (n=835) through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Respondents reported their current and pre-pandemic health behaviors and demographics. Chi-square tests were used to examine bivariate associations between pandemic time (pre vs. post) and each examined behavior. The analysis identified some positive health behavior changes due to the pandemic: caregivers felt since the pandemic they ate more fruits and vegetables (p < .001), walked more, exercised more (p < .001), increased amounts of sleep (p < .001), and higher sleep quality (p < .001). However, respondents also had more screen time (p < .001) and sedentary time (p < .001). Future planned analyses will focus on examining whether these changes were consistent across all sociodemographic subgroups of caregivers and whether they persist after the pandemic recedes.

scholarly journals Pouch Use Among Infants Does Not Impact Exposure to Other Forms of Fruits and Vegetables: Data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 982-982
Author(s):  
Kristen Finn ◽  
Yvonne Lenighan ◽  
Alison Eldridge ◽  
Brian Kineman ◽  
Susan Pac
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Baby food pouches have grown in popularity along with concerns about their impact on oral motor development. These concerns assume that baby food pouches are a primary food source and that they limit exposure to fruits and vegetables in other forms. The purpose of this study is to determine how often infants from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016 used pouches and if those who used pouches were as likely to also consume other forms of fruits and vegetables as those who did not. Methods FITS is the largest nationally representative cross-sectional dietary survey of caregivers of children aged 0–47.9 months in the U.S. For this analysis, a questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall were used to assess pouch use and fruit and vegetable intake among children aged 6–11.9 months (n = 989). A “pouch user” was a child receiving a pouch at least once per week per the questionnaire. All others were categorized as “non-users.” In the 24-hour recall, fruits and vegetables were categorized as “baby food” if it was a commercial or homemade pureed fruit or vegetable or “non-baby food” if it was any other form of fruit or vegetable. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for frequency of pouch use and % of pouch users and non-users who consumed baby food and non-baby food fruits and vegetables. Results Per the questionnaire, 36% of 6–11.9 month olds were pouch users (n = 314) and 64% were non-users (n = 675). Among pouch users, 6% received food from a pouch daily (n = 51), and 5% received food from a pouch more than once per day (n = 40). Per the 24 hour recall, the percentages of pouch users and non-users who consumed baby food fruits (54.3% vs. 50.4%) and vegetables (45% vs. 43.3%) in any packaging were similar. More pouch users consumed non-baby food fruits and vegetables compared to non-users (54.3% vs. 36.5% and 49.2% vs. 37.4%, respectively). Conclusions Roughly a third of infants are pouch users, but daily use is not common. Pouch users consume non-baby food fruits and vegetables as often as non-users. These findings indicate that infants who are exposed to baby food pouches are also exposed to other forms of fruits and vegetables, so the impact of food pouches on oral motor development in infants may be limited. Funding Sources FITS 2016 and this analysis were funded by Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.

scholarly journals Intakes of fruits, vegetables and carbohydrate and the risk of CVD

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaumudi J Joshipura ◽  
Hsin-Chia Hung ◽  
Tricia Y Li ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractBackgroundLow-carbohydrate diets could lead to reduced fruit and vegetable intake, which may be protective against CVD. The role of carbohydrate intake in modifying the association between fruits and vegetables and CVD has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether carbohydrate intake affects the association between fruits and vegetables and CVD.DesignWe included participants from two large prospective studies, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We followed 70 870 eligible NHS females for 16 years and 38 918 eligible HPFS males for 14 years. Diet was assessed from an FFQ updated every 4 years. Our primary outcome was ischaemic CVD (fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke). We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between fruits and vegetables and ischaemic CVD within groups with low, moderate or high carbohydrate intake.ResultsFruit intake was strongly related with carbohydrate intake, but vegetables showed a very small correlation. Vegetable intake showed stronger associations with ischaemic CVD among the low carbohydrate group (multivariate risk ratio (RR) = 0·82 for an increment of 3 servings/d; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99); green leafy vegetables and carotene-rich fruits and vegetables followed a similar pattern. Total fruit intake was associated with a lower risk of ischaemic CVD only among participants with moderate carbohydrate intake (RR = 0·81 comparing extreme quintiles; 95 % CI 0·70, 0·94).ConclusionsTotal vegetables, green leafy vegetables and carotene-rich fruits and vegetables showed stronger associations with ischaemic CVD among the low carbohydrate group. No consistent trends were observed for fruit intake.

scholarly journals Mediation of parental educational level on fruit and vegetable intake among schoolchildren in ten European countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Saskia te Velde ◽  
Stefka Petrova ◽  
Vesselka Duleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
Pro Greens ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractObjectiveTo examine which factors act as mediators between parental educational level and children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in ten European countries.DesignCross-sectional data were collected in ten European countries participating in the PRO GREENS project (2009). Schoolchildren completed a validated FFQ about their daily F&V intake and filled in a questionnaire about availability of F&V at home, parental facilitation of F&V intake, knowledge of recommendations about F&V intake, self-efficacy to eat F&V and liking for F&V. Parental educational level was determined from a questionnaire given to parents. The associations were examined with multilevel mediation analyses.SettingSchools in Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden.SubjectsEleven-year-old children (n 8159, response rate 72%) and their parents.ResultsIn five of the ten countries, children with higher educated parents were more likely to report eating fruits daily. This association was mainly mediated by knowledge but self-efficacy, liking, availability and facilitation also acted as mediators in some countries. Parents’ education was positively associated with their children's daily vegetable intake in seven countries, with knowledge and availability being the strongest mediators and self-efficacy and liking acting as mediators to some degree.ConclusionsParental educational level correlated positively with children's daily F&V intake in most countries and the pattern of mediation varied among the participating countries. Future intervention studies that endeavour to decrease the educational-level differences in F&V intake should take into account country-specific features in the relevant determinants of F&V intake.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable intake by Brazilian adults, 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S19-S24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Constante Jaime ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Consumption

This study estimated indicators of fruit and vegetable intake by Brazilian adults and examined the influence of demographic and socioeconomic variables on the consumption of these foods. We used the following indicators: daily fruit intake, daily vegetable intake, and daily consumption of five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Only 41.0% of adults reported daily fruit intake, while 30.0% reported daily vegetable intake. Fruit and vegetable intake was more common in urban as compared to rural areas and increased in both genders with age, schooling, and number of household goods. We conclude that initiatives to promote fruit and vegetable consumption are necessary for the country as a whole, but special attention should be given to younger individuals, males, rural communities, and groups with less schooling and lower income.

scholarly journals The impact of a school-based nutrition education intervention on dietary intake and cognitive and attitudinal variables relating to fruits and vegetables

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Anderson ◽  
LEG Porteous ◽  
E Foster ◽  
C Higgins ◽  
M Stead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Whole School ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a school-based nutrition education intervention aimed at increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables.DesignThe intervention programme increased the provision of fruits and vegetables in schools and provided a range of point-of-purchase marketing materials, newsletters for children and parents, and teacher information. Curriculum materials at age 6–7 and 10–11 years were also developed and utilised. Evaluation was undertaken with groups of younger (aged 6–7 years) and older (aged 10–11 years) children. Methods included 3-day dietary records with interview and cognitive and attitudinal measures at baseline, with follow-up at 9 months, in intervention and control schools.SettingThe work was undertaken in primary schools in Dundee, Scotland.SubjectsSubjects comprised 511 children in two intervention schools with a further 464 children from two schools acting as controls.ResultsChildren (n = 64) in the intervention schools had an average increase in fruit intake (133±1.9 to 183±17.0 g day-1) that was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than the increase (100±11.7 to 107±14.2 g day-1) estimated in children (n = 65) in control schools. No other changes in food or nutrient intake were detected. Increases in scores for variables relating to knowledge about fruits and vegetables and subjective norms were also greater in the intervention than in the control group, although taste preferences for fruits and vegetables were unchanged.ConclusionsIt is concluded that a whole school approach to increasing intakes of fruits and vegetables has a modest but significant effect on cognitive and attitudinal variables and on fruit intake.

scholarly journals Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Incidence of Hypertension in Three Prospective Cohort Studies

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Borgi ◽  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Ambika Satija ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
Eric B. Rimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Increased fruit and vegetable intake lowers blood pressure in short-term interventional studies. However, data on the association of long-term intake of fruits and vegetables with hypertension risk are scarce. We prospectively examined the independent association of whole fruit (excluding juices) and vegetable intake, as well as the change in consumption of whole fruits and vegetables, with incident hypertension in 3 large longitudinal cohort studies: Nurses’ Health Study (n=62 175), Nurses’ Health Study II (n=88 475), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=36 803). We calculated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for fruit and vegetable consumption while controlling for hypertension risk factors. Compared with participants whose consumption was ≤4 servings/week, the pooled hazard ratios among those whose intake was ≥4 servings/day were 0.92(0.87–0.97) for total whole fruit intake and 0.95(0.86–1.04) for total vegetable intake. Similarly, compared with participants who did not increase their fruit or vegetable consumption, the pooled hazard ratios for those whose intake increased by ≥7 servings/week were 0.94(0.90–0.97) for total whole fruit intake and 0.98(0.94–1.01) for total vegetable. Analyses of individual fruits and vegetables yielded different results. Consumption levels of ≥4 servings/week (as opposed to <1 serving/month) of broccoli, carrots, tofu or soybeans, raisins, and apples was associated with lower hypertension risk. In conclusion, our results suggest that greater long-term intake and increased consumption of whole fruits may reduce the risk of developing hypertension.

Delivering behavior analytic services in an inclusive job setting for a young adult with autism spectrum disorder: A case example

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kayla J. Jenssen ◽  
Jessica E. Frieder
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Job Coaching ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The rate of employment for adults diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is low. This may be due in part to repetitive or disruptive behaviors associated with the ASD diagnosis and challenges to delivering services in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines a behavior analytic approach to providing job coaching supports in collaboration with employers in an inclusive setting. METHODS: A case example for a 26-year-old male diagnosed with ASD, employed as a data entry specialist, is highlighted. An A-B design was used to evaluate the impact of behavior analytic interventions on the rate of disruptive vocalizations. Behavior analysts and job coaches from a university-based team worked with employers to identify feasible and effective strategies. RESULTS: Rates of vocalizations decreased and maintained for 5 months following intervention fading. Social acceptability ratings from key office personnel reflected improved coworker relations and a high degree of acceptability for procedures used by the team. CONCLUSIONS: Employer collaboration was necessary for intervention design and decision making. Service providers should consider response effort for employers, the degree of normalization of strategies, how to limit disruption to productivity and the work setting, and methods for fading interventions or components of interventions.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries – the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2436-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lynch ◽  
Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir ◽  
Saskia J te Velde ◽  
Nanna Lien ◽  
Eva Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pro Greens

AbstractObjectiveTo describe fruit and vegetable intake of 11-year-old children in ten European countries and compare it with current dietary guidelines.DesignCross-sectional survey. Intake was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire containing a pre-coded 24 h recall and an FFQ which were completed in the classroom. Portion sizes were calculated using a standardized protocol.SettingSurveys were performed in schools regionally selected in eight countries and nationally representative in two countries.SubjectsA total of 8158 children from 236 schools across Europe participating in the PRO GREENS project.ResultsThe total mean consumption of fruit and vegetables was between 220 and 345 g/d in the ten participating countries. Mean intakes did not reach the WHO population goal of ≥400 g/d in any of the participating countries. Girls had a significantly higher intake of total fruit and vegetables than boys in five of the countries (Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Bulgaria and Slovenia). Mean total fruit intake ranged between 114 and 240 g/d and vegetable intake between 73 and 141 g/d. When using the level ≥400 g/d as a cut-off, only 23·5 % (13·8–37·0 %) of the studied children, depending on country and gender, met the WHO recommendation (fruit juice excluded).ConclusionsFruit and vegetable consumption was below recommended levels among the schoolchildren in all countries and vegetable intake was lower than fruit intake. The survey shows that there is a need for promotional activities to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in this age group.

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