scholarly journals Bioavailability of iron multi-amino acid chelate preparation in mice and human duodenal HuTu 80 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naroa Kajarabille ◽  
Catriona Brown ◽  
Anamaria Cucliciu ◽  
Gita Thapaliya ◽  
Gladys O. Latunde-Dada
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Cytochrome B Mrna ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractStrategies for preventing Fe deficiency include Fe supplementation and Fe fortification of foods. The absorption, metabolism and chemical characteristics of Fe multi-amino acid chelate (IMAAC) are not known. Absorption of IMAAC was compared with FeSO4in Fe-depleted mice andin vitrochemical studies of the Fe supplement was performed in HuTu 80 cells. Hb repletion study was carried out in Fe-deficient CD1 mice that were fed for 10 d a diet supplemented with ferrous IMAAC or FeSO4. A control group of Fe-replete mice was fed a diet with adequate Fe concentrations throughout the study. Tissues were collected from the mice, and the expression of Fe-related genes was determined by quantitative PCR. Ferric reductase and Fe uptake were evaluated in HuTu 80 cells. Supplementation of the diet with FeSO4or IMAAC significantly increased Hb levels (P<0·001) in Fe-deficient mice from initial 93·9 (SD10·8) or 116·2 (SD9·1) to 191 (SD0·7) or 200 (SD0·5) g/l, respectively. Initial and final Hb for the Fe-deficient control group were 87·4 (SD6·7) and 111 (SD11·7) g/l, respectively. Furthermore, the liver non-haem Fe of both supplement groups increased significantly (P<0·001). IMAAC was more effective at restoring Fe in the spleen compared with FeSO4(P<0·005). Gene expression showed the IMAAC supplement absorption is regulated by the body’s Fe status as it significantly up-regulated hepcidin (P<0·001) and down-regulated duodenal cytochrome b mRNA (P<0·005), similar to the effects seen with FeSO4. A significant proportion of Fe in IMAAC is reduced by ascorbic acid. Fe absorption in mice and cells was similar for both IMAAC and FeSO4and both compounds induce and regulate Fe metabolism genes similarly in the maintenance of homeostasis in mice.

Extent of damage to amino acid availability of whey protein heated with sugar

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thérèse Desrosiers ◽  
Laurent Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Amino Acid Availability

SummaryThe effect of heat treatments, at various water activities (αw), on digestibility and on the availabilities of amino acids of whey protein samples in the presence of lactose was estimated by an in vitro digestion method with continuons dialysis. Four αw (0·3, 0·5, 0·7 and 0·97), three temperatures (75, 100 and 121 °C) and three heating periods (50, 500 and 5000 s) were selected. The initial lysine: lactose molar ratio was 1:1. Amino acid profiles showed that excessive heating of whey (121 °C, 5000 s) destroyed a significant proportion of cystine at all αw, lysine at αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7, and arginine at αw 0·5 and 0·7. At αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7, protein digestibility decreased (P < 0·05) as the temperature increased from 75 to 121 °C for a heating period of 5000 s, and as the heating time was prolonged from 500 to 5000 s at 121 °C. Excessive heating also decreased (P < 0·05) the availabilities of ail amino acids at αw 0·3, 0·5 and 0·7. The availabilities of lysine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, alanine, glycine and serine were particularly affected. Severe heating at αw 0·97 did not seem to favour the Maillard reaction, but the availabilities of cystine, tyrosine and arginine were decreased, probably as a result of structural modifications of the protein upon heating. Heating whey protein concentrates in the presence of lactose not only affected lysine, but also impaired enzymic liberation of other amino acids, according to the severity of heat treatments and αw.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and mineral selenium sources on production performance and selected physiological indicators in swine

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 756-763
Author(s):  
Anna Szuba-Trznadel ◽  
Tomasz Hikawczuk ◽  
Adam Ciura ◽  
Bogusław Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted on sows (hybrids of wbp × pbz breeds) and their offspring (until day 75 of life) kept on a farm. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on the production performance of the animals, Se content in their blood, the level of Se in sow’s colostrum, as well as Gpx, haptoglobin and immunoglobulin levels in the serum of sows and their offspring. Experimental feed mixtures for pregnant sows (LP), lactating sows (LK) and piglets (prestarter and starter) in each treatment had an identical basic composition, differing only in the type of selenium forms. Group I received a mineral form of Se in an amount of 0.2 mg/kg; group II received a mixture of a Se amino acid chelate and the mineral form of Se (0.1 mg/kg of each); group III received a Se amino acid chelate (0.2 mg/kg), and group IV received Se-enriched yeasts (0.2 mg/kg). Beneficial effects of the organic forms of Se were evident already in the lactation period. Sows, especially those from group II receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se, had a higher feed intake, which was related to a higher milk production during lactation. As a result, on the weaning day, piglets from this group were significantly heavier than the other piglets. After weaning, as well, the piglets in this group were significantly heavier. These results were confirmed by parameters of blood serum and whey colostrum. Selenium as a chelate was more available than the mineral and enriched yeast forms. For this reason, the animals receiving the chelate were healthier (fewer inflammations were noted). The animals in this group also showed a better feed conversion compared with the others. The Gpx level in sows’ serum varied depending on the treatment. The highest level of this parameter was determined in sows from group III (receiving 0.2 mg/kg of organic Se), and it differed significantly from its value in the control group. The results showed that the Gpx level was related to the Se concentration in blood serum, which was also confirmed by a higher production of selenocysteine (a part of Gpx). Cells of the animals from this group were better protected against free radicals. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of organic Se positively affects the performance of animals, but the recommended level in feed is 0.2 mg/kg of a selenium-containing amino acid....

scholarly journals An in vitro assay of the effect of lysine oxidation end-product, α-aminoadipic acid, on the redox status and gene expression in probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Padilla ◽  
María J. Andrade ◽  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Mario Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Harmful Species

AbstractThis study was designed to gain information about the underlying mechanisms of the effects of a food-occurring free oxidized amino acid, α-aminoadipic acid (AAA), on the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503. This bacterium was incubated in colonic-simulated conditions (37 °C for 24 h in microaerophilic conditions) and exposed to three food-compatible AAA concentrations, namely, 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM. A control group with no AAA exposure was also considered. Each of the four experimental conditions was replicated three times and samplings were collected at 12, 16, 20, and 24 h. The downregulation of the uspA gene by AAA (0.5-fold decrease as compared to control) suggests that AAA is identified as a potential chemical threat. The dhaT gene, implicated in the antioxidant defense, was found to be upregulated in bacteria treated with 1 and 5 mM AAA (up to twofold increase, as compared to control), which suggest the ability of the oxidized amino acid to impair the redox status of the bacterium. In fact, AAA caused an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accretion of post-translational changes (protein carbonylation) in L. reuteri (up to 13 nmol allysine/mg protein vs 1.8 nmol allysine/mg protein in control). These results suggest that probiotic bacteria identify oxidized amino acids as harmful species and activate mechanisms that may protect themselves and the host against their noxious effects.

Mechanism of Inhibition of M1 Macrophage Expression and Activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 Signaling Pathway on Vascular Remodeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-837
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Qiuting Feng ◽  
Yuyi Cong ◽  
Peiling Zhou ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Deficient Mice

Macrophages mediate the activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 signaling and participate in inflammatory response. In our study, M1 gene-deficient mice were used to assess the effect and mechanism of specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression on angiotensin II-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling. Fifty 8-week-old male Lyz2-cre M1 gene-deficient mice and 50 Cre mice were divided into control group (saline group) and experimental group (angiotensin II group) followed by HE staining, collagen or elastin staining as well as measuring wall thickness. DHE staining was performed to observe the density of coronary artery and aortic oxidative stress. PCR Array was used to detect cytokine changes which were then verified by RT-PCR. The changes of aortic inflammatory factors were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. IHC was to measure MIP-1α level. Specific inhibition of M1 expression aggravated AngII-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling; Ang II stimulation increased vascular superoxide production by aggravation of ROS; specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression significantly up-regulated vascular inflammatory cytokines and the expression and activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 in vascular smooth muscle cells to aggravate vascular remodeling. Further, in vitro cell experiments showed that MIP-1α significantly up-regulated CD31 tube staining. M1 is involved in AngII-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling by mediating the release of macrophage inflammatory factor MIP-1α/CCL3.

scholarly journals Impaired Placental Nutrient Transport in Mice Generated by in Vitro Fertilization

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 3457-3467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrrico Bloise ◽  
Wingka Lin ◽  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Rhodel Simbulan ◽  
Kevin S. Kolahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Placental Transport

More than 4.5 million children have been conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Interestingly, singleton IVF offspring born at term have an increased incidence of low birth weight. The mechanism responsible for the lower birth weight is unknown, but alterations in placental function are possible. Hence, the goal of our study was to examine placental growth and function in mice generated in vivo or in vitro. To assess placental function, blastocysts were generated by IVF or produced by natural mating (control group); both IVF and control blastocysts were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients. Placental weights did not differ at embryonic d 15.5 (E15.5) but were increased at E18.5 in the IVF group (25.4%, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control. Proliferation was increased in IVF placentae, whereas overall placental gross morphology and apoptosis were not affected. Both fetal weights (16.4% lower at E15.5 and 8.8% lower at E18.5, P &lt; 0.05) and fetal to placental ratios were lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the IVF compared with the control group at both time points, whereas birth weights did not differ. At E18.5, the mRNA for selected glucose, system A amino acid transporters, and imprinted genes were down-regulated in IVF placentae. GLUT3 protein level was decreased in the IVF group (P &lt; 0.05). Importantly, intrajugular injections of 14C-methyl-d-glucose or 14C-MeAIB tracers (n = 6 litters per group) showed that placental transport of glucose and amino acids were 24.8% (not significant) and 58.1% (P &lt; 0.05) lower in the IVF group. Fetal accumulation of glucose was not different, but amino acid accumulation was significantly (36 %) lower in IVF fetuses (P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that IVF alters both fetal and placental growth and, importantly, decreases placental transport efficiency in mice conceived by IVF.

scholarly journals Alterations of Liver Histomorphology in Relation to Copper Supplementation in Inorganic and Organic Form in Growing Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiecień ◽  
Natalia Burmańczuk ◽  
Barbara Badzian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Liver Structure

Abstract The aim of this study was to define the effects of diet containing the same mineral content of mineral salt or amino acid chelate, and diet containing various levels of Cu amino acid chelate on liver histomorphometry in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were used in the 12th week experiment. The control group (n = 12) was fed standard diet, which provided Cu in an inorganic form at the level required for rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups (each n = 12) depending on different levels (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% covered daily demand) of Cu supplementation in chelated form. Cu content was determined in the liver tissue and blood plasma. Immunohistochemical staining with caspase-3 antibody was performed. Microscopic assessment of the liver structure indicated that Cu supplementation did not change the liver architecture. However, histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of nuclei, total cell number, and multinucleated hepatocytes in rats supplemented with the organic form of Cu at the level of 25% compared with the control group. There was a considerable increase in the number of apoptotic cells and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, especially in groups supplemented with organic form of Cu covering the daily demand in 100% and 75%, in comparison to control group. Moreover, there was no Cu deposition in the liver and changes in Cu content in blood. Cu provided in the diet in organic form covering an amount of its minimum daily demand in 25% appears to be the least harmful with regard to the liver. It indicates that there is a need to establish the level of diet supplementation with Cu amino acid chelates.

scholarly journals Amino acid uptake in chickens subjected to increasing levels of quantitative food restriction

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Gous
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Weight Restriction

1. Three groups of cockerels were reared from 3 to 11 weeks of age on increasingly severe quantitative food restriction treatments, resulting in body-weight values of 12, 19 and 27% below that of a control group which was fed ab lib.2. The rate of uptake of L-arginine, glycine, L-lysine and L-phenylalanine was measured in vitro using intestinal rings, over a 5 min incubation period.3. Uptake of L-arginine was significantly increased with increasing degrees of body-weight restriction. This amino acid and L-lysine were the only two to show a significantly enhanced uptake rate as a result of the restriction treatments.4. No significant differences were noted in the case of glycine or L-phenylalanine uptake following food restriction, indicating a certain selectivity in the alteration of absorption rates following food restriction, when such tests are conducted in vitro.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis and electron microscopy of amino acid absorption and transport by the small intestine: inhibition by chemical poisons and correlation to the elemental composition of the epithelial cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Studies

The elemental composition of amino acids is similar to that of the major structural components of the epithelial cells of the small intestine and other tissues. Therefore, their subcellular localization and concentration measurements are not possible by x-ray microanalysis. Radioactive isotope labeling: I131-tyrosine, Se75-methionine and S35-methionine have been successfully employed in numerous absorption and transport studies. The latter two have been utilized both in vitro and vivo, with similar results in the hamster and human small intestine. Non-radioactive Selenomethionine, since its absorption/transport behavior is assumed to be the same as that of Se75- methionine and S75-methionine could serve as a compound tracer for this amino acid.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

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