scholarly journals Effects of partial replacement of maize in the diet with crude glycerin and/or soyabean oil on ruminal fermentation and microbial population in Nellore steers

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Juliana Duarte Messana ◽  
Vinícius Carneiro de Souza ◽  
Ana Veronica Lino Dias ◽  
Luciano Takeshi Kishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether a combination of crude glycerin (CG) and soyabean oil (SO) could be used to partially replace maize in the diet of Nellore steers while maintaining optimum feed utilisation. Eight castrated Nellore steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects, in a factorial arrangement (A×B), when factor A corresponded to the provision of SO, and factor B to the provision of CG. Steers feed SO and CG showed similar DM intake, DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility to that of steers fed diets without oil and without glycerine (P>0·05). Both diets with CG additions reduced the acetate:propionate ratio and increased the proportion ofiso-butyrate, butyrate,iso-valerate and valerate (P<0·05). Steers fed diets containing SO had less total N excretion (P<0·001) and showed greater retained N expressed as % N intake (P=0·022). SO and CG diet generated a greater ruminal abundance ofPrevotella,Succinivibrio,Ruminococcus,SyntrophococcusandSucciniclasticum.Archaea abundance (P=0·002) and total ciliate protozoa were less in steers fed diets containing SO (P=0·011). CG associated with lipids could be an energy source, which is a useful strategy for the partial replacement of maize in cattle diets, could result in reduced total N excretion and ruminal methanogens without affecting intake and digestibility.

scholarly journals Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

2021 ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
High Level

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.

Nutritive value of peas for lactating dairy cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
R. R. Corbett ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value for lactating dairy cows of peas relative to soybean meal (SBM) and barley. Four Holstein cows (200 ± 23 d in milk), fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae were assigned to four dietary treatments in an experiment designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square with 21 d in each of the four periods. Cows were fed a diet for ad libitum intake with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio (DM basis). Peas replaced SBM at the levels of 0, 33.3, 66.7%, and 100% of the concentrate portion in the four test diets. In the 100% pea-based diet, barley was replaced (at 72.35%) to obtain a similar starch content as the SBM-based concentrate. The forage components of the diets consisted of 25% alfalfa silage and 25% bromegrass silage. Dry matter intake (21.6 ± 0.4 kg d–1) and milk yield were not affected by substitution of peas for SBM and barley. Mean rumen pH decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing level of peas in the diet. Substitution of peas for SBM and barley resulted in a linear increase in the concentration of rumen acetate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate (P < 0.01), and had a quadratic effect on caproate. Rumen bacterial yield and duodenal flow of total N were not affected by treatment. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibility of nutrients suggest that the substitution of SBM and barley grain with peas may alter the site and end-products of digestion; however, the substitution had no significant effects on production parameters. Key words: Peas, digestion, rumen fermentation, dairy cows

scholarly journals Partial substitution of fish oil for linseed oil enhances beneficial fatty acids from rumen biohydrogenation but reduces ruminal fermentation and digestibility in growing goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lam Phuoc Thanh ◽  
Noppharat Phakachoed ◽  
Wisitiporn Suksombat ◽  
Juan J Loor ◽  
Tran Thi Thuy Hang
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Growing Goats

Abstract This study was performed to investigate effects of partial replacement of fish oil (FO) for linseed oil (LO) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation in growing goats. Experiment 1 was carried out in four growing male goats aged 6 months in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Goats were fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg dry matter either LO alone or in combination with tuna FO. Treatments were developed by replacing FO for LO at ratios of 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg DM corresponding to FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 and FO-15, respectively. Experiment 2 was carried out in an in vitro incubation system including 12 fermenters with the same four treatments. Each fermenter consisted of 40 mL goat ruminal fluid, 160 mL warm buffer, 2 g mixed substrates, and 50 mg FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 or FO-15. Fish oil inclusion reduced (P &lt; 0.05) digestibility and nitrogen retention in Exp. 1. Increasing doses of FO in the diet induced a strong drop (P &lt; 0.001) in ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and protozoa population at 3 h post incubation, but did not affect individual VFA proportions. Substitution of FO for LO decreased mean concentrations of C18:0 (P = 0.057), c-9,c-12 C18:2 and C18:3n-3 (P &lt; 0.001), but increased (P &lt; 0.001) C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Feeding FO-10 enhanced formation of ruminal c-9,t-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration compared with FO-0. Overall, combined data suggest that to improve ruminal concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and c-9,t-11 CLA for deposition in tissues or milk with minimal risk of affecting digestibility and ruminal fermentation, a dietary supplementation of 15 g/kg LO and 10 g/kg FO would be suitable.

scholarly journals Inclusion of crude glycerin with different roughages changes ruminal parameters and in vitro gas production from beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida ◽  
Vanessa Ruiz Fávaro ◽  
Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Nellore Cattle

ABSTRACT: The increasing availability of crude glycerin from biodiesel production has generated great stock in the industries. To solve this problem, crude glycerin is being used as an energy source to replace corn in livestock diets. This study evaluated the effects of the association of crude glycerin (10% on DM of diets) with different roughages in Nellore cattle diets on ruminal pH and ammonia, degradability, digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, and greenhouse gas production. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were assigned to a 6×6 Latin square design. The following treatments were evaluated: Hydrolyzed Sugarcane associated or not with crude glycerin, Corn Silage associated or not with crude glycerin or Tifton-85 Hay associated or not with crude glycerin. Association of crude glycerin with roughages did not affect the rumen ammonia concentration and pH and dry matter intake, but reduced the intake of NDF for diets with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane and Corn Silage and reduced the digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, EE, CNF and starch and decreased the effective degradation at the rate of 8% h-1 for diets with Tifton-85 Hay. The association crude glycerin with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane reduced the production of CH4 and CO2 in mL g-1 of DM. The inclusion of crude glycerin affects differently nutrient utilization in diets with Corn Silage, Hydrolyzed Sugarcane or Tifton-85 hay. Moreover, promotes mitigation of greenhouse gases in diets with Hydrolyzed Sugarcane. Association of crude glycerin with Corn Silage in Nellore cattle diets showed better conditions of ruminal fermentation and utilization of nutrients.

scholarly journals Effects of rumen-protected arginine supplementation and arginine-HCl injection on site and extent of digestion and small intestinal amino acid disappearance in forage-fed steers1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
Sharnae I Klein ◽  
Marsha Kapphahn ◽  
Dan V Dhuyvetter ◽  
Robert E Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Intestinal Delivery ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract Four ruminally and intestinally cannulated steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate effects of rumen-protected Arg supplementation or intravenous Arg injection on small intestinal delivery of AA, site and extent of digestion, and ruminal fermentation. Steers were fed grass hay (7.2% CP, 67.6% NDF, 0.29% Arg) for ad libitum intake with no additional Arg (CON), 54-mg L-Arg/kg BW injected intravenously (Arg-INJ), 180-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP180), or 360-mg rumen-protected L-Arg/kg BW daily (Arg-RP360). Half of each treatment dose was administered twice daily. Each period had a 7-d washout of hay only followed by a 14-d treatment and collection period. Ruminal disappearance (%) of Arg was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for both Arg-RP treatments than CON and Arg-INJ, although the amount of Arg disappearing was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P &lt; 0.001). Duodenal flow and small intestinal disappearance (g/d) of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P &lt; 0.004). Ileal flow of Arg was greatest in Arg-RP360, intermediate in Arg-RP180, and least in CON (P = 0.01) because the proportional small intestinal disappearance of Arg was not different (P = 0.96). Steers fed Arg-RP360 had greater (P = 0.01) ileal flow of Orn and tended to have greater (P = 0.09) ileal flow of Glu than all other treatments. There were no differences in hay or total DMI, microbial efficiency, or OM, NDF, or ADF digestibility (P ≥ 0.10). Total N intake and duodenal N flow were greater in Arg-RP360 than all other treatments (P ≤ 0.02). Total tract N digestibility was greatest in Arg-RP360, followed by Arg-RP180, and least in CON and Arg-INJ (P = 0.003). Ruminal ammonia was greater (P = 0.004) in Arg-RP360 compared with CON and Arg-INJ and greater (P = 0.06) in Arg-RP180 than CON. There was no effect of treatment (P ≥ 0.37) on total VFA, acetate, propionate, or butyrate concentrations. Results indicate that feeding rumen-protected Arg increases small intestinal Arg flow with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and total tract digestibility of OM and fiber.

Changes in the rumen microbial population and its activities during the refaunation period after the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into the rumen of defaunated sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Williams ◽  
Susan E. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Phase Population ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa ◽  
In Sacco

Changes in the microbial populations, their activities, and the ruminal fermentation were monitored for 50 d following the reintroduction of ciliate protozoa into four defaunated sheep. A protozoal population was reestablished successfully in each recipient, using a washed inoculum containing approximately 103 cells, although there were between-animal differences in the rates of recolonization and genus establishment. Entodinium spp. predominated in the initial stages of the refaunation period and had an apparent maximal generation time of 9–10 h. Bacterial and fungal numbers did not decline following the reintroduction of protozoa and a small transient increase in the numbers of amylolytic and xylanolytic bacteria and fungal zoospores occurred in the early stages of refaunation when the protozoal population was < 105/g ruminal contents, but these subsequently declined as the protozoa established. Although the fibrolytic bacterial population was lowest in period 3 (> 105 protozoa/g), the in sacco ruminal digestion of Lolium perenne hay and polysaccharolytic enzyme activities in the solids-associated populations were either maintained or increased when protozoa were present confirming the important contribution of protozoa to fibre breakdown in the rumen. Significant changes in ruminal microbial activities occurred after protozoal reinoculation but before the rumen had refaunated completely. Arylamidase activities in the liquor-phase population and ruminal ammonia concentrations increased significantly within 48 h of transfaunation; the magnitude of the effects became more pronounced as the protozoal population developed. However, volatile fatty acid formation and ruminal pH were not affected after the reintroduction of protozoa.Key words: rumen, sheep, ciliate protozoa.

scholarly journals Changes in ruminal fermentation and microbial population of feedlot Nellore cattle fed crude glycerin and virginiamycin

2018 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo S. Castagnino ◽  
Erick E. Dallantonia ◽  
Giovani Fiorentini ◽  
Elias San Vito ◽  
Juliana D. Messana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Nellore Cattle

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

scholarly journals PSII-13 Effect of corn stover silages inoculated with effective microorganisms (EM®) on digestibility of sheeps

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 408-410
Author(s):  
Manuel Pérez- ◽  
Claudia C Márquez-Mota ◽  
Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽  
Jonathan Avilés-Nieto ◽  
Luis Corona
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Corn Stover Silage ◽  
Silage Process ◽  
Male Sheep

Abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of corn stover silages with two sources of energy (cane molasses or milk whey) and EM (effective microorganisms, 1 mL/kg DM) on the digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation. We hypothesized that inoculation with EM (lactobacillus spp and Rhodopseudomona palustris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the silage process of corn stover coud improve the in vivo digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Six male sheep with cannula in the rumen were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Experimental periods consisted of 11 d for diet adjustment followed by 5 d for collection. The animals were housed in metabolic cages, with a harness to collect faeces individually. Diets consisted of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, mineral salt) 55% and corn stover 45% dry basis. The treatments were: CS-AMW= Corn stover with acid milk whey, CS-CM= corn stover with sugar cane molasses, SIL-AMW= corn stover silage with acid milk whey, SIL-CM= corn stover silage with cane molasses, SIL-AMW-EM= corn stover silage with acid milk whey and EMand SIL-CM-EM= Corn stover silage with cane molasses and EM. The results were analyzed with PROC MIXED procedures of SAS. The inoculation of corn stover with EM increased (P &lt; 0.05) the content of CP in SIL-AMW-EM and SIL-CM-EM respect CS-CM (Table 1). SIL-CM-EM increase (P &lt; 0.05) the ruminal N-NH3 and pH (Table 2) but no effect was observed for digestibility (Table 3). However, the SIL-AMW improved (5.8%, P &lt; 0.05) the OM digestion compared with CS-AMW. A diet with 45% corn stover silage with EM was not sufficient to improve in vivo digestibility of nutrients in sheep. This project was supported by UNAM,DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120)

scholarly journals Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Philip C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

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