Daily Energy Expenditure in Rats Following Structured Exercise Training is affected by Dietary Phosphorus Content

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
S.W. Sawaya ◽  
M.E. Ragi ◽  
A.A. Eid ◽  
O.A. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Abstract Phosphorus (P) ingestion has been found to alter energy balance, while regular physical exercise (E) was reported to be associated with energy compensation. However, it is not clear whether dietary P would affect energy compensation following structured E. Two experiments were performed, Low P (LP) (0.1%P, 0.2%P, and 0.3% P) and High Phosphorus (HP) (0.3%P, 0.6%P, and 1.2% P) diets. In each experiment, male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8), in which a sedentary or a moderate-intensity exercise routine (30 minutes 5 days a week) was implemented. Energy intake (EI), efficiency and stores; body measures; and total energy expenditure (TEEx) were monitored for 6 weeks. In the LP experiment, EI and weight gain were the lowest in the 0.1%P and 0.2%P as compared to the 0.3%P. In the HP experiment, EI was highest in the high P (0.6%P and 1.2%P) groups, while weight gain was reduced. In both experiments, exercise was able to reduce body fat accumulation and to maintain a higher %LBM. In the LP diets experiment, the similarity in TEEx between the sedentary and exercising groups suggests the probability of a reduction in normal daily activities, which indicates the presence of compensation for the energy expended during exercise by a subsequent reduction in EE. In contrast, the elevated TEEx in the HP exercising groups (0.6%P and 1.2%P) argue against the presence of energy compensation. In conclusion, high dietary P decreases the body’s capability to compensate for the energy deficit induced by E, consequently maintaining an elevated TEEx.

scholarly journals Mouth rinsing with a sweet solution increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite during 60 min of self-regulated walking exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Lauren Duckworth ◽  
Jamie Matu ◽  
Matthew Suter ◽  
Charlotte Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve endurance exercise performance and is most ergogenic when exercise is completed in the fasted state. This strategy may also be beneficial to increase exercise capacity and the energy deficit achieved during moderate-intensity exercise relevant to weight control when performed after an overnight fast. Eighteen healthy men (mean (SD); age, 23 (4) years; body mass index, 23.1 (2.4) kg·m−2) completed a familiarisation trial and 3 experimental trials. After an overnight fast, participants performed 60 min of treadmill walking at a speed that equated to a rating of perceived exertion of 13 (“fairly hard”). Participants manually adjusted the treadmill speed to maintain this exertion. Mouth rinses for the experimental trials contained either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution with sweetener (CHO), a taste-matched placebo (PLA), or water (WAT). Appetite ratings were collected using visual analogue scales and exercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were calculated from online gas analysis. Increased walking distance during CHO and PLA induced greater energy expenditure compared with WAT (mean difference (90% confidence interval); 79 (60) kJ, P = 0.035, d = 0.24; and 90 (63) kJ, P = 0.024, d = 0.27, respectively). Appetite area under the curve was lower in CHO and PLA than WAT (8 (6) mm, P = 0.042, d = 0.43; and 6 (8) mm, P = 0.201, d = 0.32, respectively). Carbohydrate oxidation was higher in CHO than PLA and WAT (7.3 (6.7) g, P = 0.078, d = 0.47; and 10.1 (6.5) g, P = 0.015, d = 0.81, respectively). This study provides novel evidence that mouth rinsing with a sweetened solution may promote a greater energy deficit during moderate-exertion walking exercise by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing appetite. A placebo effect may have contributed to these benefits.

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

Effects of subtracting sitting versus adding exercise on glycemic control and variability in sedentary office workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Blankenship ◽  
Kirsten Granados ◽  
Barry Braun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Recent evidence suggests that, like adding exercise, reducing sitting time may improve cardiometabolic health. There has not been a direct comparison of the 2 strategies with energy expenditure held constant. The purpose of this study was to compare fasting and postmeal glucose and insulin concentrations in response to a day with frequent breaks from sitting but no exercise versus considerable sitting plus moderate exercise. Ten sedentary overweight/obese office workers were tested in 3 conditions: (i) walking per activity guidelines (AGW): sitting for majority of workday with a 30 min pre-lunch walk; (ii) frequent long breaks (FLB): no structured exercise but frequent breaks from sitting during workday with energy expenditure matched to AGW; and (iii) frequent short breaks (FSB): number of breaks matched to FLB, but duration of breaks were shorter. Plasma glucose and insulin areas under the curve were measured in response to a meal tolerance test (MTT) at the end of the workday and interstitial glucose was evaluated throughout the day and overnight using continuous glucose monitoring. Using repeated-measures linear mixed models, area under the curve of plasma glucose or insulin after the MTT was not different between conditions. Glycemic variability was lower in FLB compared with AGW (p < 0.05), and nocturnal duration of elevated glucose (>7.8 mmol/L) was shorter after FLB (2.5 ± 2.5 min) than AGW (32.7 ± 16.4 min) or FSB (45.6 ± 29.6 min, p = 0.05). When energy expenditure was matched, breaks from sitting approximated the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on postmeal glucose and insulin responses and more effectively constrained glycemic variability.

The accuracy of fitness watches for the measurement of heart rate and energy expenditure during moderate intensity exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. JAGIM ◽  
Nicolas KOCH-GALLUP ◽  
Clayton L. CAMIC ◽  
Leah KROENING ◽  
Charles NOLTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Moderate-intensity exercise affects perceived hunger and fullness but not appetite-related hormones in late pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kym J. Guelfi ◽  
Rhiannon E. Halse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Additional Energy Expenditure ◽  
Caloric Consumption

The effect of exercise on appetite and appetite-related hormones during pregnancy is not known. This study found that 30 min of moderate-intensity stationary cycling transiently attenuated hunger and increased fullness in late gestational women (n = 12). Exercise did not affect perceived appetite or appetite-related hormones in response to subsequent caloric consumption. These observations suggest that appetite responses do not intrinsically compensate for the additional energy expenditure induced by exercise, at least in the short term.

scholarly journals EXERCISE MODE COMPARISONS OF ACUTE ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE IN OBESE ADULTS.

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S311
Author(s):  
J. K. Kim ◽  
T. L. Burkhart ◽  
J. S. Hammersley ◽  
W. J. Lee ◽  
M. H. Whaley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Exercise Mode

scholarly journals Metabolic and Molecular Subacute Effects of a Single Moderate-Intensity Exercise Bout, Performed in the Fasted State, in Obese Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7543
Author(s):  
Éverton Lopes Vogt ◽  
Maiza Cristina Von Dentz ◽  
Débora Santos Rocha ◽  
Jorge Felipe Argenta Model ◽  
Lucas Stahlhöfer Kowalewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Obese Male

Introduction and objectives: Obesity represents a major global public health problem. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes poor dietary habits, such as hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets (HFDs), physical inactivity, and genetic factors. Regular exercise is, per se, a tool for the treatment and prevention of obesity, and recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise can be potentiated by the fasting state, thus potentially promoting additional effects. Despite the significant number of studies showing results that corroborate such hypothesis, very few have evaluated the effects of fasted-state exercise in overweight/obese populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the subacute effects (12 h after conclusion) of a single moderate-intensity exercise bout, performed in either a fed or an 8 h fasted state, on serum profile, substrate-content and heat shock pathway–related muscle protein immunocontent in obese male rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats received a modified high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance. The animals were allocated to four groups: fed rest (FER), fed exercise (FEE), fasted rest (FAR) and fasted exercise (FAE). The exercise protocol was a 30 min session on a treadmill, with an intensity of 60% of VO2max. The duration of the fasting period was 8 h prior to the exercise session. After a 12 h recovery, the animals were killed and metabolic parameters of blood, liver, heart, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were evaluated, as well as SIRT1 and HSP70 immunocontent in the muscles. Results: HFD induced obesity and insulin resistance. Soleus glycogen concentration decreased in the fasted groups and hepatic glycogen decreased in the fed exercise group. The combination of exercise and fasting promoted a decreased concentration of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. In the heart, combination fasting plus exercise was able to decrease triglycerides to control levels. In the soleus muscle, both fasting and fasting plus exercise were able to decrease triglyceride concentrations. In addition, heat shock protein 70 and sirtuin 1 immunocontent increased after exercise in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Conclusions: An acute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, when realized in fasting, may induce, in obese rats with metabolic dysfunctions, beneficial adaptations to their health, such as better biochemical and molecular adaptations that last for at least 12 h. Considering the fact that overweight/obese populations present an increased risk of cardiovascular events/diseases, significant reductions in such plasma markers of lipid metabolism are an important achievement for these populations.

scholarly journals No energy compensation at the meal following exercise indietary restrained and unrestrained women

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lluch ◽  
Neil A. King ◽  
John E. Blundell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Unrestrained Eaters

The objective of this investigation was to compare the acute effects of exercise and diet manipulations on energy intake, between dietary restrained and unrestrained females. Comparisons of two studies using an identical 2 × 2 repeated-measures design (level of activity (rest or exercise) and lunch type (high-fat or low-fat)) including thirteen dietary unrestrained and twelve restrained females were performed. Energy expenditure during the rest session was estimated and the energy cost of exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. Relative energy intake was calculated by subtracting the energy expenditure of the exercise session from the energy intake of the test meal. Post-meal hedonic ratings were completed after lunch. Energy intake and relative energy intake increased during high-fat conditions compared with the low-fat, independently of exercise (P < 0·001). There was a positive relationship between dietary restraint scores and energy intake or relative energy intake in the rest conditions only (r 0·54, P < 0·01). The decrease of relative energy intake between the rest and exercise conditions was higher in restrained than in unrestrained eaters (P < 0·01). These results confirm that a high-fat diet reversed the energy deficit due to exercise. There was no energy compensation in response to an acute bout of exercise during the following meal. In restrained eaters, exercise was more effective in creating an energy deficit than in unrestrained eaters. Exercise may help restrained eaters to maintain control over appetite.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Energy Deficit Induced by Moderate-Intensity Exercise or Energy-Intake Restriction on Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Girls

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Emily Thackray ◽  
Laura Ann Barrett ◽  
Keith Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Exercise Induced

Eleven healthy girls (mean ± SD: age 12.1 ± 0.6 years) completed three 2-day conditions in a counterbalanced, crossover design. On day 1, participants either walked at 60 (2)% peak oxygen uptake (energy deficit 1.55[0.20] MJ), restricted food energy intake (energy deficit 1.51[0.25] MJ) or rested. On day 2, capillary blood samples were taken at predetermined intervals throughout the 6.5 hr postprandial period before, and following, the ingestion of standardized breakfast and lunch meals. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (TAG) was 29% and 13% lower than rest control in moderate-intensity exercise (effect size [ES] = 1.39, p = .01) and energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.57, p = .02) respectively; moderate-intensity exercise was 19% lower than energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.82, p = .06). The moderate-intensity exercise total area under the TAG versus time curve was 21% and 13% lower than rest control (ES = 0.71, p = .004) and energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.39, p = .06) respectively; energy-intake restriction was marginally lower than rest control (-10%; ES = 0.32, p = .12). An exercise-induced energy deficit elicited a greater reduction in fasting plasma TAG with a trend for a larger attenuation in postprandial plasma TAG than an isoenergetic diet-induced energy deficit in healthy girls.

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