scholarly journals Mouth rinsing with a sweet solution increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite during 60 min of self-regulated walking exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Lauren Duckworth ◽  
Jamie Matu ◽  
Matthew Suter ◽  
Charlotte Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve endurance exercise performance and is most ergogenic when exercise is completed in the fasted state. This strategy may also be beneficial to increase exercise capacity and the energy deficit achieved during moderate-intensity exercise relevant to weight control when performed after an overnight fast. Eighteen healthy men (mean (SD); age, 23 (4) years; body mass index, 23.1 (2.4) kg·m−2) completed a familiarisation trial and 3 experimental trials. After an overnight fast, participants performed 60 min of treadmill walking at a speed that equated to a rating of perceived exertion of 13 (“fairly hard”). Participants manually adjusted the treadmill speed to maintain this exertion. Mouth rinses for the experimental trials contained either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution with sweetener (CHO), a taste-matched placebo (PLA), or water (WAT). Appetite ratings were collected using visual analogue scales and exercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were calculated from online gas analysis. Increased walking distance during CHO and PLA induced greater energy expenditure compared with WAT (mean difference (90% confidence interval); 79 (60) kJ, P = 0.035, d = 0.24; and 90 (63) kJ, P = 0.024, d = 0.27, respectively). Appetite area under the curve was lower in CHO and PLA than WAT (8 (6) mm, P = 0.042, d = 0.43; and 6 (8) mm, P = 0.201, d = 0.32, respectively). Carbohydrate oxidation was higher in CHO than PLA and WAT (7.3 (6.7) g, P = 0.078, d = 0.47; and 10.1 (6.5) g, P = 0.015, d = 0.81, respectively). This study provides novel evidence that mouth rinsing with a sweetened solution may promote a greater energy deficit during moderate-exertion walking exercise by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing appetite. A placebo effect may have contributed to these benefits.

scholarly journals Objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during thermo-neutral and hot yoga

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne N. Boyd ◽  
Stephanie M. Lannan ◽  
Micah N. Zuhl ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Rachael K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Constant Intensity

While hot yoga has gained enormous popularity in recent years, owing in part to increased environmental challenge associated with exercise in the heat, it is not clear whether hot yoga is more vigorous than thermo-neutral yoga. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during constant intensity yoga in a hot and thermo-neutral environment. Using a randomized, crossover design, 14 participants completed 2 identical ∼20-min yoga sessions in a hot (35.3 ± 0.8 °C; humidity: 20.5% ± 1.4%) and thermo-neutral (22.1 ± 0.2 °C; humidity: 27.8% ± 1.6%) environment. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded as objective measures (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded as a subjective measure of exercise intensity. There was no difference in exercise intensity based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga (30.9% ± 2.3% vs. 30.5% ± 1.8%, p = 0.68). However, exercise intensity was significantly higher during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga based on %HRmax (67.0% ± 2.3% vs. 60.8% ± 1.9%, p = 0.01) and RPE (12 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1, p = 0.04). According to established exercise intensities, hot yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption but moderate-intensity exercise based on %HRmax and RPE while thermo-neutral yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, %HRmax, and RPE. Despite the added hemodynamic stress and perception that yoga is more strenuous in a hot environment, we observed similar oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga, classifying both exercise modalities as light-intensity exercise.

Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by RPE in individuals with type 2 diabetes: metabolic and hemodynamic responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Aparecida Viana ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Guilherme Veiga Guimarães ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

We tested the hypothesis that rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a tool as efficient as the heart rate (HR) response to the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and that metabolic and hemodynamic response to HIIE is superior than to continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eleven participants (age = 52.3 ± 3 years) underwent HIIE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (HIIERPE; 25 min), HIIE prescribed and regulated by an individual’s HR response to CPX (HIIEHR; 25 min), MICE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (30 min) and control (30 min of seated resting) intervention in random order. HR, blood pressure (BP), capillary glucose, endothelial reactivity, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed before, immediately after, and 45 min after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were measured during exercise sessions. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was measured after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were similar between HIIERPE and HIIEHR. BP response was not different among HIIERPE, HIIEHR, and MICE. Capillary glycaemia reduction was greater (P < 0.05) after HIIERPE (48.6 ± 9.6 mg/dL) and HIIEHR (47.2 ± 9.5 mg/dL) than MICE (29.5 ± 11.5 mg/dL). Reduction (P < 0.05) in 24-h (6.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg) and tendency toward reduction (P = 0.06) in daytime systolic (7.0 ± 2.5 mm Hg) ambulatory BP were found only after HIIERPE. These results suggest that HIIE is superior to MICE for reducing glycaemia and ambulatory BP, and that the 6–20 RPE scale is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIIE in individuals with T2DM.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses and Nutritional Intake during a 7-Day Treadmill Running World Record

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5962
Author(s):  
Nicolas Berger ◽  
Daniel Cooley ◽  
Michael Graham ◽  
Claire Harrison ◽  
Russ Best
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
World Record ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Ultra Running

Ultra-running comprises running events longer than a marathon (>42.2 km). The prolonged duration of ultra-running leads to decrements in most or all physiological parameters and considerable energy expenditure (EE) and energy deficits. SG, 47 years, 162.5 cm, 49 kg, VO2max 4 mL/kg/min−1/2.37 L/min−1, ran continuously for 7 days on a treadmill in 3 h blocks followed by 30 min breaks and slept from 1–5 a.m. Heart rate (HR) oxygen uptake (VO2), rating of perceived exertion, weight, blood lactate (mmol·L−1), haemoglobin (g·dL), haematocrit (%) and glucose (mmol·L−1), and nutrition and hydration were recorded. SG ran for 17.5 h/day, covering ~120 km/day at ~7 km/h. Energy expenditure for each 24 h period was 6878 kcal/day and energy intake (EI) was 2701 kcal/day. EE was 382 kcal/h, with 66.6% from fat and 33.4% from carbohydrate oxidation. 7 day EI was 26,989 kcal and EE was 48,147 kcal, with a total energy deficit (ED) of 21,158 kcal. Average VO2 was 1.2 L·min−1/24.7 mL·kg·min−1, Respriatory echange ratio (RER) 0.80 ± 0.03, HR 120–125 b·min−1. Weight increased from 48.6 to 49.5 kg. Haemoglobin decreased from 13.7 to 11 g·dL and haematocrit decreased from 40% to 33%. SG ran 833.05 km. SG exhibits an enhanced fat metabolism through which she had a large daily ED. Her success can be attributed to a combination of physiological and psychological factors.

scholarly journals Workload Accomplished in Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Katrina L. Schultz ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
Kimberley Radtke ◽  
Susan Bramwell ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Walking Exercise

Exercise training is an important component of clinical exercise programs. Although there are recognized guidelines for the amount of exercise to be accomplished (≥70,000 steps per week or ≥150 min per week at moderate intensity), there is virtually no documentation of how much exercise is actually accomplished in contemporary exercise programs. Having guidelines without evidence of whether they are being met is of limited value. We analyzed both the weekly step count and the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) of patients (n = 26) enrolled in a community clinical exercise (e.g., Phase III) program over a 3-week reference period. Step counts averaged 39,818 ± 18,612 per week, with 18% of the steps accomplished in the program and 82% of steps accomplished outside the program. Using the sRPE method, inside the program, the patients averaged 162.4 ± 93.1 min per week, at a sRPE of 12.5 ± 1.9 and a frequency of 1.8 ± 0.7 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 2042.5 ± 1244.9 AU. Outside the program, the patients averaged 144.9 ± 126.4 min, at a sRPE of 11.8 ± 5.8 and a frequency of 2.4 ± 1.5 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 1723.9 ± 1526.2 AU. The total exercise load using sRPE was 266.4 ± 170.8 min per week, at a sRPE of 12.6 ± 3.8, and frequency of 4.2 ± 1.1 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 3359.8 ± 2145.9 AU. There was a non-linear relationship between steps per week and the sRPE derived training load, apparently attributable to the amount of non-walking exercise accomplished in the program. The results suggest that patients in a community clinical exercise program are achieving American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, based on the sRPE method, but are accomplishing less steps than recommended by guidelines.

Exercise metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise in children with cystic fibrosis following heavy-intensity exercise

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stevens ◽  
Patrick J. Oades ◽  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference

Muscle metabolism is increased following exercise in healthy individuals, affecting exercise metabolism during subsequent physical work. We hypothesized that following heavy-intensity exercise (HIE), disease factors in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) would further exacerbate exercise metabolism and perceived exertion during subsequent exercise. Nineteen children with CF (age, 13.4 ± 3.1 years; 10 female) and 19 healthy controls (age, 13.8 ± 3.5 years; 10 female) performed 10 bouts of HIE interspersed with 1 min of recovery between each bout. Three minutes later participants completed a 10-min moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) test (test 1). The MIE test was subsequently repeated 1 h (test 2) and 24 h (test 3) later. Each MIE test was identical and participants exercised at individualized work rates, calibrated by an initial graded maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, while metabolic and perceived exertion measurements were taken. Following HIE, mixed-model ANOVAs showed a significant difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between the 2 groups across the MIE tests (p < 0.01). In controls, VO2 (L·min–1) and RPE decreased significantly from test 1 to test 2 (p < 0.01) and test 2 to test 3 (p < 0.05). However, in children with CF, VO2 (L·min–1) increased significantly from test 1 to test 2 (p < 0.01), while RPE did not differ, both VO2 and RPE decreased significantly from test 2 to test 3 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, following HIE the metabolic and perceptual responses to MIE in both groups decreased 24 h later during test 3. These data show that children with mild-to-moderate CF have the capability to perform HIE and 24 h allows sufficient time for recovery.

Daily Energy Expenditure in Rats Following Structured Exercise Training is affected by Dietary Phosphorus Content

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
S.W. Sawaya ◽  
M.E. Ragi ◽  
A.A. Eid ◽  
O.A. Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Abstract Phosphorus (P) ingestion has been found to alter energy balance, while regular physical exercise (E) was reported to be associated with energy compensation. However, it is not clear whether dietary P would affect energy compensation following structured E. Two experiments were performed, Low P (LP) (0.1%P, 0.2%P, and 0.3% P) and High Phosphorus (HP) (0.3%P, 0.6%P, and 1.2% P) diets. In each experiment, male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8), in which a sedentary or a moderate-intensity exercise routine (30 minutes 5 days a week) was implemented. Energy intake (EI), efficiency and stores; body measures; and total energy expenditure (TEEx) were monitored for 6 weeks. In the LP experiment, EI and weight gain were the lowest in the 0.1%P and 0.2%P as compared to the 0.3%P. In the HP experiment, EI was highest in the high P (0.6%P and 1.2%P) groups, while weight gain was reduced. In both experiments, exercise was able to reduce body fat accumulation and to maintain a higher %LBM. In the LP diets experiment, the similarity in TEEx between the sedentary and exercising groups suggests the probability of a reduction in normal daily activities, which indicates the presence of compensation for the energy expended during exercise by a subsequent reduction in EE. In contrast, the elevated TEEx in the HP exercising groups (0.6%P and 1.2%P) argue against the presence of energy compensation. In conclusion, high dietary P decreases the body’s capability to compensate for the energy deficit induced by E, consequently maintaining an elevated TEEx.

Metabolic Demands of Yoga at Varying Tempos and Compared With Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
J. Luke Pryor ◽  
Brittany Christensen ◽  
Catherine G. R. Jackson ◽  
Stephanie Moore-Reed
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents

Background: Yoga is a popular alternative to walking, but the tempo at which asanas must be performed to elicit comparable metabolic and cardiorespiratory demands is unknown. Therefore, the authors aim to compare the metabolic demands of moderate-intensity walking to Surya Namaskar yoga performed at varying tempos. Methods: Inactive obese adults with limited prior yoga experience (n = 10) completed 10 minutes of treadmill walking at a self-selected pace (rating of perceived exertion = 12–13) and three, 10-minute bouts of yoga at a low (6 s/pose; LSUN), medium (4 s/pose; MSUN), and high (3 s/pose; HSUN) tempo with 10-minutes rest between exercise bouts. Results: Mean metabolic equivalents observed in MSUN (3.64 [0.607]), HSUN (4.22 [0.459]), and treadmill (5.29 [1.147]) were greater than 3.0 (P ≤ .01), but not LSUN (3.28 [0.529], P = .13). Treadmill elicited greater caloric and kilocaloric expenditure (1.36 [0.23] L·min−1; 64 [11] kcal) than LSUN (0.87 [0.24] L·min−1; 39 [11] kcal) and MSUN (1.00 [0.29] L·min−1; 45 [13] kcal) (P ≤ .01). Absolute between yoga tempos were not different, but relative was higher in HSUN (14.89 [1.74] mL·min−1·kg) versus LSUN (11.39 [1.83] mL·min−1·kg) (P = .02). Conclusions: Yoga can meet (LSUN) or exceed (MSUN and HSUN) moderate-intensity exercise recommendations. For unfit or obese populations, varying tempos of yoga practice may serve as a lower-impact option for beginning an exercise program.

scholarly journals Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Brown ◽  
Francesca Cappozzo ◽  
Dakota De Roeck ◽  
Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala ◽  
Sanjoy K. Deb
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
Clear Solution ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Clear Condition

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed and distance covered during a 30 min running protocol.Methods: Ten healthy and habitually active individuals (six males, four females) completed two experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, crossover design. Each experimental trial consisted of a 30 min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to 15 (hard/heavy) on the rating of perceived exertion scale. During exercise, participants mouth rinsed with either a pink or a clear non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution, with performance, perceptual and physiological measures obtained throughout.Results: Self-selected running speed (+0.4 ± 0.5 km·h−1, p = 0.024, g = 0.25) and distance covered (+213 ± 247 m, p = 0.023, g = 0.25) during the 30 min running protocol were both improved by 4.4 ± 5.1% when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution when compared to the clear solution. Feelings of pleasure were also enhanced during the 30 min treadmill run when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution, with ratings increased from 3.4 ± 0.7 in the clear condition to 3.8 ± 0.6 in the pink condition (+0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.046, g = 0.54).Conclusion: Mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved self-selected running speed, total distance covered, and feelings of pleasure obtained during a 30 min running protocol when compared to an isocaloric and taste-matched clear solution.

scholarly journals Perceived exertion and energy expenditure during physical activities in healthy young people and older adults

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-510
Author(s):  
Oyéné Kossi ◽  
Justine Lacroix ◽  
Maxence Compagnat ◽  
Jean Christophe Daviet ◽  
Stéphane Mandigout
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Young People

Aim: To test the validity of Borg&rsquo;s 6&ndash;20 rating of perceived exertion scale in assessing the exertion intensity over a multi-activity session in young and older adults.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 56 healthy participants. All participants underwent a single session of activities including working on a computer, treadmill walking, biking, and treadmill running. Results: Results showed a non-significant correlation between the overall perceived exertion and energy expenditure in young people (Rho=&minus;0.05, p=0.75) and in older adults (Rho=&minus;0.05, p=0.78) for the whole session. However, results showed that older adults perceived significantly higher exertion compared to young people while working on a computer, walking and running, whereas they presented lower energy expenditure while resting and working on a computer. Conclusions: Combining the perceived exertion method with other commonly used methods to estimate exercise intensity would be recommended for older adults.

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