DHA/EPA SUPPLEMENTATION DECREASES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, BUT IT DOES NOT AMELIORATE METABOLIC PROFILE IN OBESE MALE RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
João Neto ◽  
Jeferson Jantsch ◽  
Simone de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Filipe Braga ◽  
Luís Felipe dos Santos de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diet Model

Abstract Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500mg/Kg/day) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus-maze test was performed to analyze anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: p = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared to CAF+DHA/EPA, p < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF+DHA/EPA compared to the CAF group (p < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cystic Echinococcosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah ◽  
Enrico Brunetti ◽  
Amir Emami Zeydi ◽  
Yousef Dadi Moghadam ◽  
Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Iranian Patient ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected helminthic disease and major public health problem in several regions of the world. The zoonosis is caused by the larval stage of different cestode species belonging to the genus Echinococcus. CE can affect any organ with the liver and lungs being most commonly involved. The brain is involved in less than 2% of the cases. We report a case of a CE1 echinococcal cyst of the brain in an Iranian patient.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism in the Development and Progression of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Qin ◽  
Yunsi Yin ◽  
Yi Xing ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major public health problem. The current diagnosis of VCI is made based on the assessment of clinical symptoms and neuropsychological measurements, and is supported by neuroimaging. These methods are both time-consuming and expensive, which leads to needs for alternative biomarkers for VCI. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful tool to discover of new biomarkers of disease, which can investigate variations in different metabolic processes such as lipid, since the brain is highly enriched in lipids and that lipid changes may lead to pathology in the brain. Vascular cognitive impairment is vulnerable to the disturbance of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, blood samples, which could be identified as reliable clinical biomarkers are relatively convenient to obtain and provide a non-invasive assessment. Therefore, our study aims to understand whether peripheral lipid biomarkers can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and monitor the progression of VCI.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and VIP databases to find VCI and lipid metabolism in reports from inception through February 2021. Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible: (1) original studies in humans; (2) lipid metabolites in blood; (3) reports of VCI.Results: Through our review, nine original articles were eligible. Blood-based metabolites that might be potential biomarkers were identified. Most of them including PC, PE, Cers, and ChEs were significantly lower, while elevation of FAs and DGs were associated with VCI. Most importantly, these blood-based metabolites might be proposed as potential biomarkers for VCI, which provides direction for further validation.Discussion and Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review concerning the relationship of lipid metabolism and VCI. It identifies potential biomarkers and provides insights into the disease pathobiology. However, more advanced studies and researches on a lipidomic platform must be done to understand the exact pathology behind and identify potential lipid biomarkers, which might help achieve the goal of discovering novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals CARBAMAZEPINE LOADED VESICULAR STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHADA E. YASSIN ◽  
REHAM I. AMER ◽  
AHMED M. FAYEZ
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route. Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert ® software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNFα. Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25˚ C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-α and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain. Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route.

scholarly journals Effects of Sesame Oil Aroma on Mice after Exposure to Water Immersion Stress: Analysis of Behavior and Gene Expression in the Brain

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5915
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takemoto ◽  
Chiharu Take ◽  
Keito Kojima ◽  
Yamato Kuga ◽  
Tomoya Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Staying Time

(1) Background: Sesame has been popular as a healthy food since ancient times, and effects of the aroma component of roasted sesame are also expected. However, little research has been reported on its scent; (2) Methods: Jcl:ICR male mice were housed under water immersion stress for 24 h. Then, the scent of saline or sesame oil was inhaled to stress groups for 90 min. We investigated the effects of sesame oil aroma on the behavior and brains of mice; (3) Results: In an elevated plus maze test, the rate of entering to open arm and the staying time were decreased by the stress. These decrements were significantly enhanced by sesame oil aroma. Stress had a tendency to increase the serum corticosterone concentration, which was slightly decreased by the aroma. Expression of Kruppel-like factor-4 (Klf-4) and Dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (Dusp-1) in the striatum were increased by water immersion stress, and the level of Klf-4 and Dusp-1 in the striatum and hippocampus were significantly attenuated by sesame oil aroma (4) Conclusions: The present results strongly suggest that the odor component of sesame oil may have stress suppressing effects. Moreover, Klf-4 and Dusp-1 may be sensitive stress-responsive biomarkers.

scholarly journals Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Madangarli ◽  
Frederick Bonsack ◽  
Rajaneekar Dasari ◽  
Sangeetha Sukumari–Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Brain

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Pathological, and Behavioural Effects of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Extract on Brain Injury Caused by Nicotine in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Raeeszadeh ◽  
P. Mortazavi ◽  
R. Atashin-Sadafi
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Brain

Nicotine is one of the most important compounds in cigarette which can cause changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters and damage to the nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Medicago Sativa L. (alfalfa) on controlling nicotine-induced brain damage and anxiety behaviour in rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups and treated daily as follows: a control group, T1 and T2 groups where animals were subcutaneously injected 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, respectively, T3 and T4 groups where animals were injected subcutaneously 0.2 mg/kg nicotine and 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, and T5 group in which only nicotine at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg was injected. At the end of the period after weighing, the elevated plus-maze test was taken from the animals. Serum assay was conducted to measure TCA, IL-1, and TNFα, and half of the brain tissue was used to measure oxidative stress parameters (GPx, SOD, TAC, and MDA) and the other parts were used for histopathological studies. Body weight in the T5 group was significantly different from that of the other groups. The time and number of open arms reduced in the T5 group. The duration and number of times in the open arm significantly decreased in the treated groups in a dose-depended manner. Malondialdehyde concentration was the highest in the nicotine group and the lowest in T2. The concentration of GPx and SOD was significantly increased in the presence of alfalfa extract in nicotine groups. TNFα and IL-1 in the T5 group showed a significant increase compared to the other groups. Moreover, the number of neurons and the level of necrotic neurons and gliosis significantly decreased and increased in the nicotine group, respectively, while these histopathological damages improved by treatment with alfalfa extract in T3 and T4 groups. Alfalfa extract can have a significant dose-dependent therapeutic effect on inducing oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of nicotine in the brain and reducing anxiety behaviours.

Malaria management in animal model using antioxidant vitamins

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
B.N. Esimai ◽  
O.O. Njoku ◽  
C.I. Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
The Brain

Management of malaria has become a major public health problem with the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria to most antimalaria drugs. The work was employed to evaluate the management of malaria infection with the use of antioxidant vitamins in animal model. Gnotobiotically reared male Swiss albino mice, aged six to eight weeks, and weighed between 18 and 22 g were inoculated with a standard dose of malaria parasites P. berghei, through intra-peritoneal route. Malaria infected mice were treated over three days with 300 mg base Vitamin A, and 500 mg base vitamin C and E respectively, per kilogram body weight. There was a highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) in parasitaemia in treatedgroups. In positive untreated control group, hundred percent mortality was recorded. Post mortem examinations revealed haemorrhagic lesions at the lower part of the brain. An effective treatment of malaria was noted with orthomolecular management. Keywords: Plasmodium berghei; animal model; malaria; antioxidant vitamins.

Ellagic Acid Administration Negated the Development of Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit in Rats

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (07) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Bansal ◽  
Pushplata Yadav ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze

AbstractRampant production of pro-oxidants and inadequate antioxidant availability in brain exert oxidative stress, which in synergism with impaired glucose metabolism and inflammation leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Ellagic acid (EGA) is a phenolic compound present in various fruits and is reported to possess robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of EGA administration on streptozotocin (STZ) induced dementia in rats. Bilateral intracerebroventricle (ICV) injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) was given to Wistar rats (200 g) on day 1 and 3. EGA (17.5 and 35 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 28 days daily. The spatial memory of rats was quantified by using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. Brain TBARS, GSH and TNF-α were also measured. Administration of EGA prevented the induction of STZ-ICV triggered cognitive deficits as evident by a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean escape latency during acquisition trial and increased (p<0.05) time spent in target quadrant during retrieval trial in Morris water maze test, and reduction (p<0.05) in transfer latency in elevated plus maze test. Furthermore, both the doses of EGA attenuated STZ-ICV induced rise in brain TBARS as well as TNF-α and simultaneously enhanced the GSH content. Thus, EGA ameliorated STZ-induced dementia by probably restoring the balance between cellular pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in brain of rats.

scholarly journals MDMA in Adolescent Male Rats: Decreased Serotonin in the Amygdala and Behavioral Effects in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 1074 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FARIA ◽  
A. MAGALHAES ◽  
P. R.R MONTEIRO ◽  
J. GOMES-DA-SILVA ◽  
M. AMELIA TAVARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze

scholarly journals “We are antidepressant also”: aspirin and diclofenac sodium

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Meera Sumanth ◽  
Prajwala R. Khapale
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time

Background: Many studies have indicated that inflammation and depression are associated with each other. Present study was taken up to prove antidepressant effect of aspirin and diclofenac sodium.Methods: The present study was divided into 6 phases with 5 groups of animals N=10. In study 1, C57Bl mice were used and in remaining 4 studies swiss albino mice. Amitriptyline was standard drug used. For each study first group of animals was treated with a saline solution 1ml P.O., and second group of animals injected with 0.1 ml of 2% formalin. In group 3, 4, 5 animals depression was produced by stressors and treated with aspirin 14mg/kg P.O., diclofenac sod. 10 mg/kg P.O. and amitriptyline 10 mg/kg P.O., respectively. Antidepressant activity of aspirin and diclofenac sodium was determined by using forced swim test, tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test and light dark box test. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α) and central neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, Ach) were estimated.Results: In light dark box test, latency of first crossing, time spent in dark area were decreased and no. of crossing increased significantly in the aspirin, diclofenac sod. treated animals. In forced swim test, the immobility time was decreased. Swiss albino mice treated with aspirin, diclofenac sod. showed decreased concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased concentration of serotonin, nor epinephrine and acetylcholine. In elevated plus maze test, no. of open arm, closed arm entries, time spent in open arm increased and time spent in closed arm decreased. In tail suspension test immobility time was decreased.Conclusions: Aspirin and diclofenac sodium has antidepressant activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document