Malaria management in animal model using antioxidant vitamins

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
B.N. Esimai ◽  
O.O. Njoku ◽  
C.I. Eneanya
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
The Brain

Management of malaria has become a major public health problem with the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistant malaria to most antimalaria drugs. The work was employed to evaluate the management of malaria infection with the use of antioxidant vitamins in animal model. Gnotobiotically reared male Swiss albino mice, aged six to eight weeks, and weighed between 18 and 22 g were inoculated with a standard dose of malaria parasites P. berghei, through intra-peritoneal route. Malaria infected mice were treated over three days with 300 mg base Vitamin A, and 500 mg base vitamin C and E respectively, per kilogram body weight. There was a highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) in parasitaemia in treatedgroups. In positive untreated control group, hundred percent mortality was recorded. Post mortem examinations revealed haemorrhagic lesions at the lower part of the brain. An effective treatment of malaria was noted with orthomolecular management. Keywords: Plasmodium berghei; animal model; malaria; antioxidant vitamins.

Abstract T P253: Clinical Application of Haptoglobin in Models of Supraphysiologic Extracellular Brain Hemoglobin Levels

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna L Leclerc ◽  
Sean Robbins ◽  
Tina Esfandiary ◽  
Alex Dang ◽  
Sylvain Doré
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Autologous Whole Blood ◽  
The Brain

Hemorrhagic stroke can occur from traumatic or spontaneous causes, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and represents a worldwide major public health problem. With breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and entry of toxic blood components and metabolites within the brain, a highly oxidative environment ensues and leads to a toxic neuroinflammatory cascade. A major cause of the debilitation following brain hemorrhage is due to the direct toxicity of blood components, namely hemoglobin (Hb), the most upstream precipitating factor. The acute phase plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp) binds Hb and inhibits its cytotoxic, pro-oxidative, and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that local and specific overexpression of Hp within the brain would aid in the safe detoxification and clearance of free Hb, thereby protecting the neuropil from Hb-mediated oxidative stress, ultimately leading to improved anatomical and functional recovery. Here, we overexpressed Hp within the brain using specifically designed adeno-associated viral vectors, and induced hemorrhagic brain injury using two models – intrastriatal autologous whole blood injection and collagenase-induced spontaneous bleeding, which is accompanied by intraventricular hemorrhage in most cases. At 72h post-hemorrhage, mice were sacrificed and brains collected for Cresyl Violet staining and lesion volume quantification. Functional outcomes were assessed by a 24-point neurological deficit score. In both models, Hp-overexpressing mice demonstrated reduced lesion volume (p<0.05) and improved neurologic status at 24h, 48h, and 72h post-hemorrhage (p<0.05), when compared to an identically treated control group (n=7-9/group). In conclusion, locally modulating Hp expression within the brain could represent an important clinically relevant strategy for the treatment of acute hemorrhagic brain injury by attenuating the toxicity of free Hb and improving its clearance from the brain.

scholarly journals Haematological profile of children with malaria in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syilvia Jiero ◽  
Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
West Papua

Abstract Background Malaria remains a major public health problem in Indonesian Papua, with children under five years of age being the most affected group. Haematological changes, such as cytopenia that occur during malaria infection have been suggested as potential predictors and can aid in the diagnosis of malaria. This study aimed to assess the haematological alterations associated with malaria infection in children presenting with signs and symptoms of malaria. Methods A retrospective study was performed by collecting data from the medical records of malaria patients at Sorong Regional General Hospital, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia, both from outpatient and inpatient clinics, from January 2014 until December 2017. The laboratory profile of children suffering from malaria was evaluated. Results One hundred and eighty-two children aged 1 month to 18 years old were enrolled. The subjects were mostly male (112, 61.5%) with a mean age of 6.45 years (SD = 4.3 years). Children below 5 years of age suffered the most from malaria in this study (77, 42.3%). One hundred two subjects (56%) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Half of the enrolled subjects (50%) had haemoglobin level (Hb) between 5.1 and 10 gr/dL. A total of 41 children (53.2%) less than 5 years old suffered from P. falciparum infection. In the age group of 5–10 years, there were 34 children (57.6%) who suffered from P. falciparum, and in the age group > 10 years, 27 children (58.7%) suffered from P. falciparum infection. Only 4 subjects (5.2%) in the less than 5 years old age group had mixed malaria infection. Among eight predictors of the haematological profile, there were five predictors that were significantly associated with the diagnostic criteria, namely haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocytes, platelets and monocytes (p < 0.05). Generally, clinical symptoms are not significantly associated with a malaria diagnosis, and only one variable showed a significant relationship, pale, with a P value of 0.001. Conclusions Children with malaria had changes in some haematological markers, with anaemia, low platelet count, white blood count, and lymphocyte count being the most important predictors of malaria infection in the study area. These markers could be used to raise suspicion of malaria in children living in high endemic areas, such as West Papua.

DHA/EPA SUPPLEMENTATION DECREASES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOUR, BUT IT DOES NOT AMELIORATE METABOLIC PROFILE IN OBESE MALE RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
João Neto ◽  
Jeferson Jantsch ◽  
Simone de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Filipe Braga ◽  
Luís Felipe dos Santos de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diet Model

Abstract Obesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500mg/Kg/day) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus-maze test was performed to analyze anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: p = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared to CAF+DHA/EPA, p < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF+DHA/EPA compared to the CAF group (p < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cystic Echinococcosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah ◽  
Enrico Brunetti ◽  
Amir Emami Zeydi ◽  
Yousef Dadi Moghadam ◽  
Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Iranian Patient ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected helminthic disease and major public health problem in several regions of the world. The zoonosis is caused by the larval stage of different cestode species belonging to the genus Echinococcus. CE can affect any organ with the liver and lungs being most commonly involved. The brain is involved in less than 2% of the cases. We report a case of a CE1 echinococcal cyst of the brain in an Iranian patient.

scholarly journals The effect of PDE5 inhibitors on bone and oxidative damage in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamit H Alp ◽  
Zübeyir Huyut ◽  
Serkan Yildirim ◽  
Yıldıray Başbugan ◽  
Levent Ediz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Protein Kinase G ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pde5 Inhibitors ◽  
Positive Effects

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem associated with many factors, and it affects more than 50% of women over 50 years old. In the current study, our purpose was to investigate the effects of phosphodiestarase-5 inhibitors on osteoporosis via the nitric oxide/3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signalling pathway. A total of 50 female albino Wistar rats were separated into five groups. The first group was appointed as the healthy control group with no ovariectomy. All animals in the other groups underwent a bilateral ovariectomy. Six months after the ovariectomy, vardenafil, udenafil and tadalafil were given to the third, fourth and fifth groups, respectively, but were not administered to the positive control group (10 mg/kg per day for two months). The bone mineral density values were determined using a densitometry apparatus for all groups pre- and post-ovariectomy as well as after treatment. The levels of nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxidesynthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, protein kinase G, phosphodiestarase-5, pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, carboxyterminal telopeptide fragments and plasma carboxy terminal propeptide of type I collagen were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine, deoxyguanosine and coenzyme Q10 were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Additionally, the right femoral trabecular bone density and the epiphyseal plate were measured in all groups. Angiogenesis was histologically observed in the bone tissue. In addition, we determined that the inhibitors may have caused a positive impact on the increased bone mass density and reduction of bone resorption markers. We also observed the positive effects of these inhibitors on oxidative stress. In conclusion, these phosphodiestarase-5 inhibitors increase angiogenesis in bone tissue and improve the re-formation rate of bone in rats with osteoporosis. Chemical compounds studied in this article Udenafil (PubChem CID: 6918523); Tadalafil (PubChem CID: 110635); Vardanafil (PubCham CID: 110634). Impact statement The results in our study appear to establish the osteoporosis model and provide evidence of the positive effects of three separate PDE5 inhibitors (vardenafil, udenafil, and tadalafil). The positive effects of these PDE5 inhibitors are investigated and demonstrated by the bone mass density and bone resorption markers. These effects are associated with significant demonstrated antioxidant activities. Osteoporosis is a significant major public health problem especially in more aged populations. Advances in identifying and understanding new potential therapeutic modalities for this disease are significant. This study provides such an advance.

scholarly journals In vivo tracking of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells in an Alzheimer’s animal model

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209
Author(s):  
Bok-Nam Park ◽  
Tae Sung Lim ◽  
Joon-Kee Yoon ◽  
Young-Sil An
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indium 111 ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are distributed in the body of an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. Methods: Stem cells were collected from bone marrow of mice and labeled with Indium-111 (111In). The 111In-labeled BMSCs were infused intravenously into 3×Tg-AD mice in the AD group and non-transgenic mice (B6129SF2/J) as controls. Biodistribution was evaluated with a gamma counter and gamma camera 24 and 48 h after injecting the stem cells. Results: A gamma count of the brain showed a higher distribution of labeled cells in the AD model than in the control group at 24 (p = .0004) and 48 h (p = .0016) after injection of the BMSCs. Similar results were observed by gamma camera imaging (i.e., brain uptake in the AD model was significantly higher than that in the control group). Among the other organs, uptake by the spleen was the highest in both groups. More BMSCs were found in the lungs of the control group than in those of the AD group. Conclusions: These results suggest that more intravenously infused BMSCs reached the brain in the AD model than in the control group, but the numbers of stem cells reaching the brain was very small.

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI: EFEKTIFITAS PSIKOEDUKASI TERHADAP ADAPTASI PASIEN FRAKTUR DI RSUD JOMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Zuhrotul Umaroh ◽  
Elsye Maria Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: The injury is still a major public health problem throughout the country, where two-thirds occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, recorded injury cases in 2013 reached 84,277 people (8.2%). The negative impacts caused by the fracture appears, which includes; psychological, social, and spiritual. The Department of Health reported that 15% of patients experiencing psychological stress fractures to depression. Psychoeducation efficient in the treatment process and decrease the symptoms of depression that is a component in the psychological response on the existence of a disability condition. Aim: the research aimed todetermine the effectiveness of psychoeducation to the physical adaptation among fracture patients in public hospital of Jombang Method: this is a quasi-experiment research with pre-test and post-test control group design. There were 16 respondents in control group and another 16 respondents for intervention group which was gathered with consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed with parametric analysis using paired sample t-test dan independent t-test. For testing the data normality distribution, Shapiro-wilk analysis was operated. Result: Paired t test sample stated that there was significant difference in the physical adaptation among fracture patients before and after the intervention of psychoeducation (p value = 0,000 ; CI 95% <alpha = 0,05). In the unpaired t test was obtained p value = 0.000; CI 95% <alpha = 0.05, which indicates a significant difference of fracture patients’ adaptation who has given psychoeducation intervention and who has not. Conclusion: the psychoeducation intervention  increasedphysical adaptation among fracture patients. Nurses must continue to develop and apply the procedures for implementing psychoeducation fractures primarily in patients with the aim to improve the adaptability of fracture patients.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism in the Development and Progression of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Qin ◽  
Yunsi Yin ◽  
Yi Xing ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major public health problem. The current diagnosis of VCI is made based on the assessment of clinical symptoms and neuropsychological measurements, and is supported by neuroimaging. These methods are both time-consuming and expensive, which leads to needs for alternative biomarkers for VCI. Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful tool to discover of new biomarkers of disease, which can investigate variations in different metabolic processes such as lipid, since the brain is highly enriched in lipids and that lipid changes may lead to pathology in the brain. Vascular cognitive impairment is vulnerable to the disturbance of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, blood samples, which could be identified as reliable clinical biomarkers are relatively convenient to obtain and provide a non-invasive assessment. Therefore, our study aims to understand whether peripheral lipid biomarkers can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and monitor the progression of VCI.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and VIP databases to find VCI and lipid metabolism in reports from inception through February 2021. Studies meeting the following criteria were eligible: (1) original studies in humans; (2) lipid metabolites in blood; (3) reports of VCI.Results: Through our review, nine original articles were eligible. Blood-based metabolites that might be potential biomarkers were identified. Most of them including PC, PE, Cers, and ChEs were significantly lower, while elevation of FAs and DGs were associated with VCI. Most importantly, these blood-based metabolites might be proposed as potential biomarkers for VCI, which provides direction for further validation.Discussion and Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review concerning the relationship of lipid metabolism and VCI. It identifies potential biomarkers and provides insights into the disease pathobiology. However, more advanced studies and researches on a lipidomic platform must be done to understand the exact pathology behind and identify potential lipid biomarkers, which might help achieve the goal of discovering novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Madangarli ◽  
Frederick Bonsack ◽  
Rajaneekar Dasari ◽  
Sangeetha Sukumari–Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Brain

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.

scholarly journals Knockdown of Host Antioxidant Defense Genes Enhances the Effect of Glucantime on Intracellular Leishmania braziliensis in Human Macrophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Téllez ◽  
Ibeth Romero ◽  
Maurilio José Soares ◽  
Mario Steindel ◽  
Alvaro José Romanha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Information on protein expression patterns and functional roles within the context of Leishmania-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) under drug treatment conditions is essential for understanding the role of these cells in leishmaniasis treatment. We analyzed functional changes in the expression of human MDM genes and proteins during in vitro infection by Leishmania braziliensis and treatment with Glucantime (SbV), using quantitative PCR (qPCR) arrays, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) human gene inhibition assays. Comparison of the results from gene transcription and protein expression analyses revealed that glutathione S-transferase π1 (GSTP1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione synthetase (GSS), thioredoxin (TRX), and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 5 (ABCB5), were strongly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in human MDMs that were infected and treated, compared to the control group. Subcellular localization studies showed a primarily phagolysosomal location for the ABCB5 transporter, indicating that this protein may be involved in the transport of SbV. By inducing a decrease in L. braziliensis intracellular survival in THP-1 macrophages, siRNA silencing of GSTP1, GSS, and ABCB5 resulted in an increased leishmanicidal effect of SbV exposure in vitro. Our results suggest that human MDMs infected with L. braziliensis and treated with SbV express increased levels of genes participating in antioxidant defense, whereas our functional analyses provide evidence for the involvement of human MDMs in drug detoxification. Therefore, we conclude that GSS, GSTP1, and ABCB5 proteins represent potential targets for enhancing the leishmanicidal activity of Glucantime.

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