Report on Australian Coccidae

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
External Appearance

The following report has been drawn up mainly from collections received through the Imperial Bureau of Entomology from Messrs. C. French and G. F. Hill. I have also included some records resulting from an examination of collections made by Dr. F. R. Rodway and Mr. R. Kelly, while E. E. Green, who has always been very ready to render every assistance, very kindly turned over to me for description several species which he had under manuscript names. Figures of previously described species have been added where considered necessary ; those given by Maskell are often, it must be confessed, misleading, while those used by Froggatt in his Catalogue are illustrations mainly of the external appearance, and, though excellent in their way, are not altogether satsifactory for the critical determination of species. Leonardi in his Monograph of the genus Lepidosaphes was content, where he gave an illustration at all, with one of the pygidial fringe, but there are other characters to be found in the pygidium, and for a full appreciation and understanding of these, this area requires to be figured in entirety. The whole of the Australian Coccid fauna, so distinctive in many respects, requires to be re-examined and fresh descriptions, based on morphological characters, drawn up. Of the numerous genera erected by MacGillivray I have accepted only one in the present paper ; as he based his genera on descriptions only, I prefer to express no opinion on the standing of the others he erected until I have examined a more extensive series of species.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Root and Yield Related Morphological Characters in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Effect On Yield

AbstractRelation between morphological traits of the root system and yield related traits is an important issue concerning efforts aiming at improving of ideotype of cultivated plants species, including pea. In this paper, to analyse the dependency between traits describing the root system morphology and yield potential, Person’s andSpearman's_correlations as well as canonical correlations were used.Root system was analyzed in 14 and 21 day-old seedlings growing in blotting-paper cylinders. Yield potential of pea was analysed in a field experiment. Results of Person’s and Spearman's_correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density were correlated witch yield related traits. Correlation between root length and shoot length was observed only for 14 day-old seedlings. The result of canonical correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density had the largest effect on yield related traits. This work highlights, that in order to improve the yield of pea it might become necessary to understand genetic determination of morphological traits of the root system, especially number of lateral roots.

RESEARCH ON THE BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC PARTICULARITIES OF THE INDIGENOUS SPECIES LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suciu Felicia ◽  
Arcuș Mariana ◽  
Roșca Adrian Cosmin ◽  
Bucur Laura ◽  
Popescu Antoanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

"Preliminary pharmacochemical research on Lysimachia nummularia L. was performed by dint of pharmacognostic analysis (macroscopic examination, global chemical analysis, preliminary quantitative determinations).The article includes the analysis of the macroscopic characters of the vegetative organs (root, stem and leaf), as well as of the reproductive organs (flower, fruit, seed) belonging to the spontaneous native species Lysimachia nummularia L. Morphological features were described and discussed. The identification of these aspects was done with the naked eye, but also with the help of a hand magnifier and a binocular magnifier. The results revealed that the external appearance of the plant justifies the species belonging to the genus Lysimachia, family Primulaceae. They are found in the glabrous and creeping appearance of the plant, opposite, almost round leaves, solitary, yellow flowers, axillary with vigorous pedicels, perianth pentamer, actinomorphic, dialisepal and dialipetal, globular capsule fruit. The semi-hydrophilic nature is found in the presence of adventitious roots that develop both from the rhizome and at the nodes of the stem. The preliminary quantitative determinations performed were loss by drying as well as soluble substances of the species Lysimachia nummularia L. Following the global chemical analysis, active principles known in the literature for the antioxidant potential were identified. Following the preliminary quantitative determinations (drying loss, determination of soluble substances) results comparable to those in the literature on the content of volatile substances and soluble substances were obtained."

scholarly journals IX. Remarks concerning the Natural-Historical Determination of Diallage

1826 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147
Author(s):  
W. Haidinger
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Slight Degree ◽  
The One

The following paper contains the results of a series of inquiries, which lead to the conclusion, that the mineral called Smaragdite by Saussure, does not form a species of its own; but that this name has been given to a compound of certain varieties of two distinct species, Augite and Hornblende, the natural-historical species of paratomous and hemiprismatic Augite-spar.Owing in part to the slight degree of resemblance prevailing among its varieties, the authors who have described them differ so essentially in opinion, that I am obliged to go into various details, both respecting the external appearance of the mineral itself, and of the opinions of mineralogists, in order to afford a correct view of the natural-historical species, to which these varieties belong, since this is the basis upon which every system, and, indeed, all accurate information in natural history, is founded, and the fixed point to which the one and the other must be referred.

Early determination of sex in jojoba plant by CAPS assay

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. INCE ◽  
M. KARACA
Keyword(s):  
Sex Allocation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Plant Grown

SUMMARYJojoba [Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] is a dioecious plant grown for its seeds, which are the source of liquid wax or jojoba oil. The sex of jojoba plants cannot be determined with morphological characters until the plants reach reproductive maturity at 3 or more years old. This difficulty of early sex determination imposes severe constraints in breeding studies and in the sex allocation of seedlings in seed orchard establishment, and importantly in a priori mating designs to produce superior jojoba individuals. This study reports three new cleavage-amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) assays, which identify male and female individuals distinctly. One of the assays could also identify hermaphrodite jojoba plants existing in nature or obtained using mutagenesis studies.

Ulva and Enteromorpha (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in eastern Australia: Comparison of morphological features and analyses of nuclear rDNA sequence data

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Woolcott ◽  
Robert J. King
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Ulva Australis ◽  
Potential Use

Specimens of Ulva Linnaeus and Enteromorpha Link (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) were collected from 12 sites in eastern Australia and identified to species level on the basis of morphological characters described in the major Australian study of Womersley (1984). The species recognised were Ulva australis Areschoug, U. lactuca Linnaeus, U. fasciata Delile, Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Greville, E. flexuosa (Wulfen ex Roth) J.Agardh and E. intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link. Species placement within the genera Ulva and Enteromorpha is problematic and features of DNA were examined in order to assess their potential use as characters in species determinations. Analyses were conducted on sequence data derived from the internal transcribed spacer region ITS2, and the 5.8S gene. Groupings of the 12 isolates based on DNA analyses do not correlate with the species identified using morphology nor with the two genera. Further work is required before authoritative conclusions can be reached regarding the significance of morphological plasticity in determination of differences within and between Ulva and Enteromorpha species; nevertheless, DNA studies may provide a backbone of characters upon which to base such a study.

scholarly journals Spines and homologues in ‘araphid’ diatoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Molecular Trees ◽  
As If

Background and aims – Many diatoms have spines on the surface of their valves. These structures differ from one taxon to another. Are all these spines the same? Are they homologues of one another? This paper sets out to explore some of the issues surrounding the determination of homologues with reference to members of Fragilariaceae. Methods – A variety of spines from species in Fragilariaceae are examined (in the SEM) and position on the valve documented relative to those already recorded in the literature. Key results – Spines that occur on the valves of some ‘araphid’ diatoms in Fragilariaceae can be interpreted in the light of where they are found. Spines that occur on the virgae can be thought of as modifications of that structure; spines that occur on the vimines can be thought of as modifications of that structure – the two kinds of spines are not homologues of each other. The term ‘spine’, on its own, is not useful for understanding taxon relationships; the term ‘spine’ is not even a character in the comparative biology sense but a descriptive catch-all for something that simply ‘sticks out from a surface’. Conclusions – Systematic characters, those applicable to comparative biology, are modifications of other characters and so are, in one sense, like taxonomies: hierarchical. A consequence of this is that plotting morphological characters on molecular trees of relationships is a futile endeavour – treating characters and their modifications, as if they are static (unit) features of a non-changing entity, is book-keeping not science.

scholarly journals SEX DETERMINATION OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) USING MOLECULAR SEXING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Putu Indra Pramana Wirastika ◽  
Ignatius Pramana Yuda ◽  
Felicia Zahida
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Conventional Methods

<p>Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) are monomorphic at the age of nestling. For the conservation of bird it important is to determine its sex at the earlier stage. Conventional methods have limitations. This study applied PCR-based molecular sexing to answer this issue. This study aimed to obtain the most effective molecular primers to identify the sex of Bali starling. The most common used combination of P2/P8, 2550F/ 2718R and 1237L/1272H primers, which amplify CHD1 gene (Chromo-helicase-DNA-binding) were evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from secondary wing feathers of young Bali Starling. Separation in agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed that the three primers were successfully amplified the samples with different degrees of success, that was 90% (P2/P8), 86.7% (2550F/2718R), and 73.3% (1237L/1272H), respectively. However, only the combination of P2/P4 and 2550F/2718R primers was able to sex Bali Starling based on observation of PCR products on agarose gel. The sizes of the genes were slightly different with those reported on previous studies. Most of the results of molecular sexing were in accordance with the sex based on morphological characters.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong> : Bali starling, Leucopsar rothschildi, molecular sexing, CHD gene</p>

Determination of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from sting remnants of the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera:Apidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Sheppard ◽  
M.C. Arias ◽  
H. Shimanuki
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Haplotype Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
One Year ◽  
Africanized Honeybees ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

AbstractAfricanized honeybees are presently expanding their geographic range within the USA and are considered undesirable due to their substantial defensive behaviour. Africanized honeybees can be differentiated from honeybees of European ancestry using discriminant analysis of morphological characters, based on a minimum of ten intact specimens per colony. In this paper we report a PCR-based method suitable for the identification of African or European mtDNA from sting remnants, such as typically remain on victims following a stinging incident. We experimentally simulated collection and shipment conditions with dried and alcohol preservation of stings, and also report that the method was suitable for sting remnants stored with a victim sample for over one year in alcohol. The determination of mtDNA haplotypes from stinger remnants must be tempered by the constraints inherent in interpretation of mtDNA haplotype data. Such data do not provide any information regarding the genetic contribution of the paternal lineage. However, in geographic areas where baseline information regarding European haplotype frequencies is known, the detection of a different mtDNA haplotype in stingers from a victim, especially when associated with observations of extreme defensive behaviour, would certainly be suggestive of Africanization.

Preliminary note on an improved form of three-circle Goniometer

1901 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
G. F. Herbert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Horizontal Circle ◽  
Made In

In a previous paper the author pointed out the advantages of a three circle form of goniometer in the determination of the morphological characters of crystals ; the crystal is adjusted once for all, and measurements may be made in any desired zone. A description was added of such an instrument, which had resulted from the addition of a two-circle apparatus to an ordinary Fuess goniometer with a single horizontal circle. This instrument has been in almost daily use since the end of June, 1899, and the author is, therefore, in a position to appreciate the ease and celerity with which crystals, however small, may be in this manner measured. As was remarked in the paper quoted above, the adapted instrument has the disadvantage that measurements can only be made through little more than a right angle from the pole in which the zone to be measured and the zone of reference intersect, and, therefore, only half a zone can be measured without readjustment of the circles B and C.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PNEUMOCOCCI AND ALLIED ORGANISMS

1905 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hanson Hiss ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Important Object ◽  
Growth Characters

The work carried on under the auspices of the Medical Commission for the Investigation of Acute Respiratory Diseases, at the Bacteriological Laboratory of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, has consisted principally of a comparative study of the morphology, growth characters, fermentative activities, and agglutination reactions of pneumococci and allied organisms isolated by ourselves and the various workers under the Commission. These organisms were from two chief sources: (a) from the mouth and naso-pharynx of supposedly normal persons and persons suffering from minor inflammations of the naso-pharynx, and (b) from definitely pathologic sources, such as pneumonic sputum, pneumonic lungs, empyæma, the circulating blood of pneumonia patients, septicaemias, meningitis, and various minor lesions, usually due to infection with pneumococci. One of the principal objects of the study was to make a careful comparison, in the light of the most recent knowledge of the biology of the pneumococcus and by the aid of the latest biological and technical methods, of the series of organisms from these two sources, and thus to determine definitely the true nature of pneumococcus-like organisms occurring in the mouths of normal persons. The second and equally important object, ultimately dependent, however, upon the solution of the first, was the determination of the frequency of occurrence of typical pneumococci in the mouths of healthy individuals. The investigations detailed in the present paper have dealt chiefly with the first problem and incidentally with the second, and lead to the following conclusions: (a) That organisms, not to be distinguished by morphological characters or by any physiological peculiarities from true pneumococci derived from pathologic sources, occur with frequency in the mouths of healthy persons and those suffering from slight inflammations of the naso pharynx, and that the only permissible and legitimate conclusion is that these organisms are true pneumococci. (b) That there are other organisms in normal mouths and from pathologic sources that morphologically or by staining reactions are not definitely to be distinguished from pneumococci, and can only be recognized by a careful study of their fermentative activities and agglutination reactions. These organisms are non-inulin fermenters. (c) That the organism known as Streptococcus mucosus is at times found in cultivations from the mouths of apparently healthy individuals, and that, although it shows certain peculiarities distinguishing it from the typical pneumococcus, it is probably very closely related to, and a variety of, this species.

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