Studies on the Responses of the Female Aëdes Mosquito. Part II.—The Action of Liquid Repellent Compounds

1951 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Sarkaria ◽  
A. W. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Mosquito Repellents ◽  
Protection Period

A number of liquid mosquito repellents were assessed for vapour repellency power in an olfactometer mounted in a very large cage filled with females of Aëdes aegypti. They were also tested for their knockdown power in fumigation bottles. Their vapour pressures were determined by the Ramsay-Young method.All the liquids showed vapour repellency, and in 39 out of the 42 tested this effect was highly significant. The highest vapour repellency ratings were shown by compounds already known to be the most effective repellents.Although the more volatile compounds such as citronellal tend to show the highest repellency ratings, nevertheless compounds of low vapour pressure such as indalone, DMP and isobornyl morpholinoacetate may also show high vapour repellency. It is concluded that vapour repellency, although in the first instance dependent upon volatility, can vary independently of vapour pressure, so that compounds may be found which afford not only a long protection period due to their nonvolatility, but also a high vapour repellency due to the potency of the comparatively few molecules that are volatilised.The vapours of most of the repellents were found to induce knockdown of mosquitos, but there was no correlation between the speed of this process and the vapour repellency of the compounds.

scholarly journals A group contribution method for estimating the vapour pressures of α-pinene oxidation products

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1455-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Capouet ◽  
J.-F. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Group Contribution ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Multifunctional Compounds ◽  
Pinic Acid

Abstract. A prediction method based on group contribution principles is proposed for estimating the vapour pressure of α-pinene oxidation products. Temperature dependent contributions are provided for the following chemical groups: carbonyl, nitrate, hydroxy, hydroperoxy, acyl peroxy nitrate and carboxy. On the basis of observed vapour pressure differences between isomers of diols and dinitrates, a simple refinement is introduced in the method to account for the influence of substitutions on the vapour pressure for alcohols and nitrates. The vapour pressures predicted with this new method have been compared with the predictions from UNIFAC (Asher et al., 2002). Given the large uncertainties of the vapour pressure data for the least volatile compounds, further experimental studies of subcooled vapour pressures of multifunctional compounds at ambient temperatures are required for better parameterizations. Among the α-pinene products identified to date, pinic acid and hydroxy pinonic acid are predicted to be the least volatile compounds, with estimated vapour pressures of 3×10−6 torr and 6×10−7 torr, respectively. The vapour pressure of the other primary products range from 10−5 to 10−3 torr, with hydroxy hydroperoxides presenting the lowest values. Noting that multifunctional carboxylic acids, in particular pinic acid, are believed to be mostly present as dimers in laboratory conditions, we suggest that the partial vapour pressure of the pinic acid dimer should be close to the experimental subcooled vapour pressure for pinic acid (estimated at ~10−6 torr) due to its large contribution to the total concentration (dimer+monomer) in experimental conditions.

Factors in the Attractiveness of Bodies for Mosquitoes

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Brown ◽  
H. P. Roessler ◽  
E. Y. Lipsitz ◽  
A. G. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
The Past

This exhibit represents part of the work of the Department of Zoology in the last 15 years, and others who have contributed to it in the past are L. Burgess, D. G. Peterson, R. P. Thompson, W. L. Sippell and M. R. Smart.The laboratory experiments have been made with Aedes aegypti in a large cage, in which a choice is offered between a pair of objects differing in one factor, or a pair of emission ports for airborne vapours. Thus six factors have been evaluated and their order of importance has been found to be as follows:

scholarly journals A NEW LABORATORY COLONIZATION OF AEDES AEGYPTI AFTER REEMERGENCE AND UNSUCCESSFUL ERADICATION IN ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Rui-De Xue
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Large Cage ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
And Control

After unsuccessful eradication attempts against Aedes aegypti (L.) following a sudden re-emergence in St. Augustine, Florida in early 2016; a new locally acquired colony strain of Ae. aegypti was established at the Anastasia Mosquito Control District (AMCD) in June 2017. Aedes aegypti adults were maintained in cages at the AMCD insectary. Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected from downtown St. Augustine, Florida. Female mosquitoes at 5-7 days old were fed upon the exposed forearm of human volunteers in the 1 st and 2 nd generations. Mating was observed in a large cage and confirmed with eggs deposited on wet filter paper in ovicups. Over 90% egg hatch was observed in the laboratory. The new colony strain of Ae. aegypti has been cataloged at the USDA, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology facility in Gainesville, FL and is being used to further research and control this species across North Florida.

scholarly journals Incidence of dengue in the Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Shivani Rao ◽  
Ajay Raj Sethuraman ◽  
Pandurang Vithal Thatkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Health Centres

Background: Dengue is transmitted mainly by bite of Aedes mosquito namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus posing major public health concern. The objective of the study is to study incidence of dengue in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Methods: Prospective study from January 2012 to December 2018 from all primary, community and tertiary health centres of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.Results: Out of a total of 5255 blood samples tested from 2012 to 2018 the total dengue positive cases were 525 (9.99%).Conclusions: There has been gradual increase in number of dengue cases from 2012 to 2016 thereafter there has been reduction of cases.

scholarly journals Deteksi transmisi transovarial virus dengue pada Aedes aegypti dengan teknik imunositokimia di Kota Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiasani P. Mosesa ◽  
Angle Sorisi ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Result Show

Abstract: Capability of Dengue virus to maintain its existence by two mechanism, that is horizontal transmission between veremia vertebrata that contracted by Aedes mosquito and vertical transmission from female mosquito infective to next generation. The most mechanism common occurrence is vertical transmission whereabout of transovarial transmission can be detected by many kind of way, one of way is immunositochemical technic. Immunositochemical is reported to be able detect antigen Dengue virus in low level. This research aims to prove whereabout of transovarial transmission Dengue virus on Aedes aegypti in Manado city. Researche sampel is Aedes aegypti mosquitos from eggs Aedes aegypti that was taken from urban village that is DBD case. This research was held on November 2015 – January 2016. Research result show that Aedes aegypti mosquito antigen positive Dengue are 24 tail of mosquitos from 48 tail of mosquitos that was tested with Index Transmissi Transovarial (ITT) about 39,1% - 70%. Based on research result can be proven that there is transovarial transmission Dengue virus on Aedes aegypti in West Kombos Urban Village, Singkil Distric, Manado City.Keywords: transovarial transmission, dengue virus, aedes aegypti, immunositochemical technicAbstrak: Kemampuan Virus Dengue untuk mempertahankan keberadaannya melalui dua mekanisme yaitu transmisi horizontal antara vertebrata viremia yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes dan transmisi vertikal (transovarial) yaitu dari nyamuk betina infektif ke generasi berikutnya. Mekanisme yang paling umum terjadi adalah transmisi vertikal (transovarial). Ada tidaknya transmisi transovarial dapat diketahui dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya dengan teknik imunositokimia. Metode imunositokimia dilaporkan dapat mendeteksi antigen virus Dengue dalam kadar yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya transmisi transovarial virus Dengue pada Aedes aegypti di kota Manado. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang berasal dari telur Aedes yang diambil dari kelurahan yang terdapat kasus DBD. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2015 – Januari 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang positif antigen virus Dengue berjumlah 24 ekor nyamuk dari 48 ekor nyamuk yang diperiksa dengan Index Transmisi Transovarial (ITT) berkisar 39,1% - 70%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, terbukti bahwa adanya transmisi transovarial virus Dengue pada Aedes aegypti di Kelurahan Kombos Barat Kecamatan Singkil, Kota Manado.Kata kunci: transmisi transovarial, virus dengue, aedes aegypti, teknik imunositokimia

Studies on the responses of the female Aedes mosquito. IX.—The mode of attractiveness of lysine and other amino-acids

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Lipsitz ◽  
A. W. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Solvent Control

Of 26 amino-acids tested against a solvent control for their attractiveness to females of Aedes aegypti (L.), lysine was the most attractive and six others (threonine, 1-methylhistidine, arginine, tyrosine, glutamine and alanine) were significantly attractive; nine amino-acids were significantly repellent. Lysine converted to the monopicrate, then to the dihydrochloride and then back to the free base was attractive. The degree of attractiveness of lysine was in direct proportion to the amount of uncombined CO2 it inevitably adsorbs. It is also proportional to the amount of carbamino CO2 combined in the molecule. Some commercial samples of lysine contain repellent principles removable by distillation. It is concluded that the attractiveness of lysine to A. aegypti is due to its ability to act as a vehicle for CO2, both adsorbed and in carbamino combination.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Active Ingredients From the EPA 25(B) List in Reducing Attraction of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to Humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumi Mitra ◽  
Stacy D Rodriguez ◽  
Julia Vulcan ◽  
Joel Cordova ◽  
Hae-Na Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
Human Odor ◽  
Mosquito Repellents ◽  
Spearmint Oil

Abstract Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are vectors for dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Mosquito repellents are an effective way to prevent mosquito bites and reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. In the early 90s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a list of active ingredients that pose minimum risk to human health that can be used as pesticides or repellents without passing the EPA registration process. The present study examined the efficacy of 21 of the active ingredients listed by the EPA 25 (B) exempt list and five commercially available sprays that only contained active ingredients from the EPA 25(B) list in repelling female Aedes aegypti (L.) females. We performed choice bioassays in a controlled laboratory environment, using a Y-tube olfactometer to determine attraction rates of humans to female Ae. aegypti in the presence of one of the 21 active ingredients and five commercially available repellent sprays. We found that cinnamon oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, lemongrass oil, and garlic oil reduced mosquito attraction to human odor. Of the five commercial repellent sprays, only one reduced mosquito attraction for up to 30 min in our assay. The EPA 25 (B) list contains active ingredients that under the conditions of our assay repel Ae. aegypti.

Studies on the responses of the female Aedes Mosquito. X.—Comparison of oestrogens and amino acids as attractants

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roessler ◽  
A. W. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Flight Cage ◽  
Stimulation Of

The attractiveness of oestriol and of a sample L-lysine to females of Aedes aegypti (L.) was tested (a) in an olfactometer of the Wieting-Hoskins type, and (b) in a free-flight cage enclosed in glass. Similar results were given by both methods, L-lysine being the more attractive at higher concentrations, but oestriol retaining its attractiveness down to much lower concentrations. When 27 L-amino acids were tested in the free-flight cage, 16 showed significantly positive stimulation. Of these lysine was the most attractive, representing a group of 11 which carried CO2 in carbaminoyl or adsorbed form or in both; the other five, of which tyrosine was the most attractive, carried no CO2.

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