Protein-feeding by the males of the Australian bushfly Musca vetustissima Wlk. in relation to mating performance

1971 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Tyndale-Biscoe
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Protein Feeding ◽  
Mating Performance

Male bushflies (Musca vetustissima Wlk.) are attracted to and feed on proteincontaining substances, although under laboratory conditions they ingested smaller quantities of blood and dung than did the females. Laboratory experiments showed that they are able to obtain water from fresh dung and blood, but no physiological requirement for the protein was found. Feeding on protein did not increase the life span or the total numbers of matings; it did not improve the mating success of males that had previously been multiple-mated; and it did not enhance sexual activity, contrary to the situation found in Lucilia cuprina (Wied.). It is concluded that protein feeding in male bushflies is casual, possibly a behaviour pattern that ensures their presence near females.

The effects of age, temperature, light quantity and wavelength on the swimming behaviour of the cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Digenea: Heterophyidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Rea ◽  
S. W. B. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
Precipitous Decline

Laboratory experiments indicated that the active life-span of the cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua was temperature-dependent. An increase in water temperature and population age both correlated with a tendency for the organisms to become decaudate. The larvae were strongly photoresponsive to lateral light but with time, horizontal swimming rates (HSRs) from release point to light source progressively declined. When measured over a range of light quantities, HSRs peaked at 30 μM/m2/s. HSRs were also influenced by water temperature. A rapid increase occurred up to 15 °C after which there was a precipitous decline. HSRs to coloured light were negatively correlated with increasing wavelength. When offered a choice between colours, cercariae favoured the shorter wavelengths. The implications of these responses for successful transmission are discussed.

Under pressure: predation risk defining mating investment in matured spider mite Tetranychus urticae

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372
Author(s):  
Matheus S. Rocha ◽  
Lívia A. Celada ◽  
Everton N. L. Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz E. Costa-schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Mating Performance

The emergence of anti-predatory strategies for prey survival are ruled by the minimization of the encounters/interactions with potential predators, but at the same time by maximizing the access to limiting resources such as food or mating partners. Cues indicating predatory activity influence decision-making activities in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, such as dispersion, foraging activities, and reproductive effort.  However, anti-predatory strategies studied in spider mites generally considers mainly the female perspective (e.g. oviposition), leaving a gap in how T. urticae couples deal with predatory risk. Here, through laboratory experiments, we observed that matured spider mite couples were only affected by predation risk during the pre-copulatory stages of the mating process, especially when deciding to proceed in a mating opportunity. The mating performance of individuals was independent of their exposure to predation risk, suggesting that couples would adopt full investment behavior after opting to proceed in a mating attempt. Though our working hypothesis predicted predation risk interference throughout the entire mating process, we conclude that decision-making activities by spider mite during pre-copulatory stages act independently from copulatory stages associated to insemination.

scholarly journals Male-lure type, lure dosage, and fly age at feeding all influence male mating success in Jarvis’ fruit fly

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Ling Wee ◽  
Anthony R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Raspberry Ketone ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Mating Performance

Abstract Males of certain Dacini fruit flies are strongly attracted to, and feed upon, plant secondary compounds such as methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone and zingerone. The consumed lure is generally found to induce physiological and behavioural changes that enhance the mating performance of lure-fed males. Male Bactrocera jarvisi respond strongly to zingerone from a young age, but only weakly respond to raspberry ketone. We hypothesized that this selective lure-response would be reflected in the physiological importance of the lure to the fly. We found that zingerone feeding by young males resulted in significantly greater mating success in competitive mating trials with lure-deprived flies, but the mating advantage was lost in older males. Lure dosage had a significant effect on the duration of the mating advantage, for example when fed 20 µg of zingerone, the advantage lasted only 1 day post-feeding, but when fed of 50 µg zingerone the advantage lasted 7 days. Raspberry ketone feeding did not confer any mating advantage to males except at one dosage (50 µg) for 1 day after feeding. When given a choice, B. jarvisi females preferred to mate with zingerone-fed versus to raspberry ketone-fed males. This study revealed lure, dosage and age of fly at time of lure administration are all important factors for maximising lure-enhanced fruit fly mating performance. These findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the evolution of fruit fly-lure interactions and may help improve fruit fly pest management via the Sterile Insect Technique through semiochemical-mediated enhancement of sterile male mating performance.

scholarly journals Cogwheel loading as a moving test load for bridges – analysis and laboratory experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 00030
Author(s):  
Jan Bayer ◽  
Shota Urushadze ◽  
Jong-Dar Yau ◽  
Yeong-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Impulse Load

A moving impulse load generated by a heavy cogwheel can be used as a testing excitation for bridges. This novel type of dynamic load acts along the entire driving path, its intensity is adjustable, and it can be very efficient in the case of resonance. Verification tests were performed on a model under laboratory conditions and compared to numerical simulation. The results are extensively discussed.

Life-Span of Mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) under Laboratory Conditions

Gerontology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Briegel ◽  
Claire Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Effect of Wolastonite Mineral (CaO SiO2) Content in Continuous Casting Powder to SEN Erosion

2007 ◽  
Vol 352 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Snezana Dević ◽  
R. Carli
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Refractory Material ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Slag Zone ◽  
Research Experiment

The basic idea of the work was to analyze the effect of the wollastonite mineral CaO SiO2 content in the continuous casting powder related to the SEN erosion. In order to realize the research, experiments were conducted in the laboratory conditions. The research, experiment, was realized in the Magnohrom Kraljevo laboratory, and cryptonym furnace EV16 was used for refractory material behavior. Cut SEN pieces from the slag zone in the reduction atmosphere were treated in the furnace with three types of casting powder of different mixtures ratio of SRD1 (without wollastonite) and SRD2 (with wollastonite): Casting powder 1 - SRD1/SRD2 = 50/50 %, Casting powder 2 - SRD1/SRD2 = 25/75 % and Casting powder 3 - SRD1/SRD2 = 75/25 %. Temperature of the experiment was in the range of 15200C – 15400C, and treatment time was changed simulating the average casting time of the heat; one heat (45 min), two heats (90 min), and three heats (135 min). The experiment pointed out that the erosion of the SEN was reduced with the increased ratio of wollastonite in the casting powder. The erosion rate of the SEN exposed to the casting powder 2 in the laboratory conditions was 0.0055 mm/min, whilst the erosion rate of the SEN exposed to the casting powder 3 (with the least wollastonite content) was 0.0075 mm/min. Erosion rate of SEN exposed to the casting powder 2 was lower for the 26.27 % related to the casting powder 3, and 17.90% lower than the erosion rate of the casting powder 1 (the erosion rate of the casting powder 1 was 0.0067 mm/min). These laboratory experiments are very consistent with results obtained in the plant conditions [1,2,3]. At that time, results indicated that SRD1 casting powder without wollastonite has the erosion rate 46 % higher than SRD2 casting powder with wollastonite. On the basis of the laboratory researches and earlier plant conditions researches it could be concluded that wollastonite mineral content in the casting powders has significant effect on the SEN erosion, in the way that the SEN erosion rate was decreased with the increased wollastonite content in the casting powders.

scholarly journals MODEL TESTING OF PILED CLUSTERS AND LARGE MONO-PILES OF IMPROVED DESIGN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
M. P. Doubrovsky ◽  
I. Yu. Dobrov ◽  
A. V. Gerashchenko ◽  
O. M. Dubrovska
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pile Head ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Small Scale Model ◽  
Flexible Pile

When constructing piled clusters and structures supported by large mono-piles, piles designed are used to take up significant lateral and pressing-in loads. New effective and less resource-demanding design of piled cluster was considered before. At this paper some results of its model testing in laboratory conditions are analyzed and discussed. To increase energy-absorbing capacity of mooring/fender dolphins it was worked out and researched a new design of combined tubular mono-pile structure, incorporating internal flexible pile and damping element placed at the zone of pile head. This design has been tested by laboratory experiments using small scale model. Obtained results confirm its effectiveness and practicability.

scholarly journals Fitness Characteristics of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles Funestus, During an Attempted Laboratory Colonization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halfan S Ngowo ◽  
Emmanuel E Hape ◽  
Jason Matthiopoulos ◽  
Heather M Ferguson ◽  
Fredros O Okumu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Median Lifespan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Success Percentage

Abstract Introduction: The malaria vector Anopheles funestus is increasingly recognized as a dominant vector of residual transmission in many African settings. Efforts to better understand its biology and control are significantly impeded by the difficulties of colonizing it under laboratory conditions. To identify key bottlenecks in colonization, this study compared the development and fitness characteristics of wild An. funestus from Tanzania (FUTAZ) and their F1 offspring during colonization attempts. The demography and reproductive success of wild FUTAZ offspring were compared to that of individuals from one of the only An. funestus strains that has been successfully colonized (FUMOZ, from Mozambique) under similar laboratory conditions.Methods: Wild An. funestus (FUTAZ) were collected from three Tanzanian villages and maintained inside an insectary at 70-85% RH, 25-27oC and 12hr:12hr photoperiod. Eggs from these females were used to establish three replicate F1 laboratory generations. Larval development, survival, fecundity, mating success, percentage pupation and wing length were measured in the F1 FUTAZ offspring and compared with wild FUTAZ and FUMOZ mosquitoes.Results: Wild FUTAZ laid fewer eggs (64.1; 95%CI [63.2, 65.0]) than FUMOZ females (76.1; 95%CI [73.3, 79.1]). Survival of F1-FUTAZ larvae under laboratory conditions was low, with an egg-to-pupae conversion rate of only 5.9% compared to 27.4% in FUMOZ. The median lifespan of F1-FUTAZ females (32 days) and males (33 days) was lower than FUMOZ (52 and 49 for females and males respectively). The proportion of female F1-FUTAZ inseminated under laboratory conditions (9%) was considerably lower than either FUMOZ (72%) or wild-caught FUTAZ females (92%). This resulted in nearly zero viable F2-FUTAZ eggs produced. Wild FUTAZ wings appear to be larger compared to the lab reared F1-FUTAZ and FUMOZ. Conclusions: This study indicates that poor larval survival, mating success, low adult fecundity and shorter survival under laboratory conditions all contribute to difficulties in colonizing of An. funestus. Future studies should focus on enhancing these aspects of An. funestus fitness in the laboratory, with the biggest barrier likely to be poor mating.

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