scholarly journals ON ARISTOTLE'S PERI HERMENEIAS 16A1–18: THE CASE OF AN ANONYMOUS ARMENIAN COMMENTARY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Geneviève Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Early Writing ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Alexander Of Aphrodisias ◽  
Philosophical Standpoint ◽  
Peri Hermeneias

Abstract The anonymous Armenian commentary was transmitted together with the Armenian translation of Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (sixth century or earlier). It was composed in the Hellenizing style and commonly associated with the figure of David the Invincible, a philosopher of the Neoplatonic School of Alexandria. This article presents a general structural analysis of the commentary followed by a comparative study and translation of its first chapter. It argues that the commentary was indeed written in the tradition of late antique Greek commentaries but was probably not associated with late Neoplatonism. The Armenian commentary shares many common features with Ammonius’ commentary, but also departs from it on many crucial aspects. From a philosophical standpoint, it has much more in common with Boethius’ and Alexander of Aphrodisias’ commentaries than with those of the Neoplatonic School of Alexandria, thus suggesting an early writing date.

Suitable men to enter the episcopate in Late antique Gaul: Ideal and reality

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Sue Loftus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The West ◽  
New Type ◽  
Career Options ◽  
Selection Of

Beside the complicated composition of military and political authority in the successor kingdoms in Gaul in the sixth century there was another power that regulated many of the lives of the community, that of ecclesiastical power. Much of the authority and the achievements of a Gallo-Roman bishop were dependent on his suitability for office. The defining characteristics a candidate was expected to have were found in contemporary church canon law. Canons referring to the requirements for episcopal office were frequent and often reworded and repeated at consecutive councils, indicating both the importance and perhaps the disregard for specific qualifications. This paper discusses both the perceived requirements for episcopal office and the men who were considered suitable and were eventually chosen. The discussion focusses on the period prior to the nomination and the election of the candidate to a bishopric. Evidence of the suitability of these men is demonstrated most clearly through a comparative study of canon law and contemporary narrative sources, hagiography, letters, and poetry. In the late fifth and in the sixth centuries the selection of a new type of man to episcopal office was complicated as a consequence of dwindling Roman power in the West and the subsequent establishment of the autonomous successor kingdoms. Career options became more limited. Aristocratic men who would normally have entered public office in the local or provincial Roman administration now chose instead to enter the ecclesiastical hierarchy, seeing it as an alternative career path holding comparable authority. But were they canonically suitable?

Inventing Synagogue Conversion

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
Shira L. Lander
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Space Transformation

Historians of the ancient synagogue often use the term “conversion” to describe any kind of adaptation of a building once designated as a synagogue into a church. This label oversimplifies and misconstrues complex processes, both rhetorical and architectural, that were at work in transforming the landscape of the late antique Mediterranean. I explore the dynamic of this triumphalist rhetoric and architectural strategy, showing that Christian writers meant something very specific by the term “conversion,” and that they invented the paradigm of synagogue conversion in order to interpret the changing landscape to their readers. The architectural program of replacement as a strategy for converting subject populations to Christianity emerged in the sixth century. By characterizing changes made to building structures and changes in religious belief as “conversion,” imperial policy concretized the association of sacred space transformation with the victory of Christianity over Judaism and paganism.

Liturgical Poetry in the Late Antique Near East

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ophir Münz-Manor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
The One

The article presents a contemporary view of the study of piyyut, demonstrating that Jewish poetry of late antiquity (in Hebrew and Aramaic) was closely related to Christian liturgical poetry (both Syriac and Greek) and Samaritan liturgy. These relations were expressed primarily by common poetic and prosodic characteristics, derived on the one hand from ancient Semitic poetry (mainly biblical poetry), and on the other from innovations of the period. The significant connections of content between the different genres of poetry reveal the importance of comparative study. Thus the poetry composed in late antiquity provides additional evidence for the lively cultural dialogue that took place at that time.

Secular Monograms, Social Status, and Authority in the Late Roman World and Early Byzantium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Christian Culture ◽  
Noble Identity ◽  
Late Roman

This chapter examines the use of monograms as graphic signs of imperial authority in the late Roman and early Byzantine empire, from its appropriation on imperial coinage in the mid-fifth century to its employment in other material media in the following centuries. It also overviews the use of monograms by imperial officials and aristocrats as visible signs of social power and noble identity on mass-produced objects, dress accessories, and luxury items. The concluding section discusses a new social function for late antique monograms as visible tokens of a new Christian paideia and of elevated social status, related to ennobling calligraphic skills. This transformation of monograms into an attribute of visual Christian culture became especially apparent in sixth-century Byzantium, with the cruciform monograms appearing in the second quarter of the sixth century and becoming a default monogrammatic form from the seventh century onwards.

scholarly journals Social Polarisation at the Local Level: A Four-Town Comparative Study on the Challenges of Politicising Inequality in Britain

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 003803852097559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Koch ◽  
Mark Fransham ◽  
Sarah Cant ◽  
Jill Ebrey ◽  
Luna Glucksberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Social Polarisation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines how intensifying inequality in the UK plays out at a local level, in order to bring out the varied ways polarisation takes place ‘on the ground’. It brings a community analysis buttressed by quantitative framing to the study of economic, spatial and relational polarisation in four towns in the UK. We distinguish differing dynamics of ‘elite-based’ polarisation (in Oxford and Tunbridge Wells) and ‘poverty-based’ polarisation (in Margate and Oldham). Yet there are also common features. Across the towns, marginalised communities express a sense of local belonging. But tensions between social groups also remain strong and all towns are marked by a weak or ‘squeezed middle’. We argue that the weakness of intermediary institutions, including but not limited to the ‘missing middle’, and capable of bridging gaps between various social groups, provides a major insight into both the obstacles to, and potential solutions for, re-politicising inequality today.

Continuity and Peculiarities in Proto-Kazakh and Ancient Indian Early Religious Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Zatov Zatov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

A comparative study of the mythological picture of the world, early forms of religion allows us to identify common features characteristic of the worldview and spiritual guidelines of mankind as a whole. These features can be traced in archaic ideas about the structure of the universe, in understanding their spiritual and bodily essence, the infinity of God and the eternity of the soul, the relationship and interdependence of life forms in the world. This allows us to assert the thesis of the unity of mankind in its spiritual origins, despite racial and ethnic diversity. In the process of a comparative analysis of mythology, early forms of religion, the concept of God, the pantheon and the function of the gods, similar moments and ethnological specifics of understanding the essence of the soul and reincarnation in totemistic beliefs, in cosmological and theogonistic concepts are revealed.The author also analyzes the role and significance of the cult of ancestors, traces the evolution of the idea of proto-monotism (the creative function of Tengri and Brahma, the intention of henotheistic faith) and its place in religious knowledge.

Reconstructing the Lost Beginning of Suetonius’ Divus Iulius

Antichthon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 110-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Family Trees

AbstractIt appears that the beginning of Suetonius’ Divus Iulius is now lost. C.L. Roth, in 1865, argued that the work was acephalous by setting out the four things that were missing from the Divus Iulius: first, the title of the work; second, the dedication to Septicius Clarus, which is known to us only from John Lydus’ sixth-century work De Magistratibus 2.6.4; third, the family tree of the Caesars; fourth, the beginning of the Divus Iulius with the details about its Trojan and Alban origins, the origin and name of the Caesars, the omens of future greatness, his education, and his first offices. These were, as Roth saw it, all things Suetonius was in the habit of giving in the extant Lives.1 These things are indeed absent from the text as we have it. It remains to test whether those things are all really standard inclusions in a Suetonian introduction.This paper approaches the lost beginning of the Divus Iulius by comparing the constructions of Suetonius’ extant openings, in particular the family trees, with Philemon Holland’s reconstruction of 1606. The comparative study will consider how the lost part of the Divus Iulius might reflect what Suetonius includes in other beginnings, and how it might have differed from those others. The study will also set out the elements that Suetonius appears to have considered essential to an introduction, thereby bringing into focus the places where the interests of renaissance authors differed from his own.

scholarly journals Ancient trash mounds unravel urban collapse a century before the end of Byzantine hegemony in the southern Levant

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 8239-8248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bar-Oz ◽  
Lior Weissbrod ◽  
Tali Erickson-Gini ◽  
Yotam Tepper ◽  
Dan Malkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Age ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Ceramic Analysis ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Space Dynamics ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Climate Proxies

The historic event of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) was recently identified in dozens of natural and geological climate proxies of the northern hemisphere. Although this climatic downturn was proposed as a major cause for pandemic and extensive societal upheavals in the sixth–seventh centuries CE, archaeological evidence for the magnitude of societal response to this event is sparse. This study uses ancient trash mounds as a type of proxy for identifying societal crisis in the urban domain, and employs multidisciplinary investigations to establish the terminal date of organized trash collection and high-level municipal functioning on a city-wide scale. Survey, excavation, sediment analysis, and geographic information system assessment of mound volume were conducted on a series of mounds surrounding the Byzantine urban settlement of Elusa in the Negev Desert. These reveal the massive collection and dumping of domestic and construction waste over time on the city edges. Carbon dating of charred seeds and charcoal fragments combined with ceramic analysis establish the end date of orchestrated trash removal near the mid-sixth century, coinciding closely with the beginning of the LALIA event and outbreak of the Justinian Plague in the year 541. This evidence for societal decline during the sixth century ties with other arguments for urban dysfunction across the Byzantine Levant at this time. We demonstrate the utility of trash mounds as sensitive proxies of social response and unravel the time–space dynamics of urban collapse, suggesting diminished resilience to rapid climate change in the frontier Negev region of the empire.

scholarly journals MANIFESTASI HEROISME DALAM TRADISI JEPANG DAN JAWA Persamaan dan Perbedaan Dongeng Momotarō dan Epos Bharatayuda

IZUMI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Fajria Noviana
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Group 3

Abstract This comparative study was conducted to find out how heroism in Japanese and Javanese traditions is manifested into two literary works representing those traditions:  Momotarō and Bharatayuda. This study is also aimed to find out the similarities of heroism manifestation in the two traditions. The reason for conducting this study is from the assumption that heroism is a universal concept. Therefore, such heroisms have similarities although they may come from different traditional backgrounds. Structural analysis and binary opposition were used in this study. The structural analysis was used to obtain the data on traditional background of the areas and the actions done by the main characters, while binary opposition was used to obtain the data on the main characters’ heroic actions which were then concluded as the heroic manifestation. The result shows that the heroismmanifestation in Japanese and Javanese traditions has the following things in common: 1) conquering enemies, 2) protecting the members of the group, 3) keeping promise, 4) recompense, and 5) acting ethically. The result of this study can also prove the truth of the assumption.  Key words: heroism, heroic actions, Japanese and Javanese traditions

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