The Effects of Elemental Sulphur on Shoot Dry Weight, Nodulation and Pod Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Irrigation

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tageldin M. Hago ◽  
M. A. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sulphur Content

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out to study the effects of elemental sulphur on irrigated groundnut. The sulphur was applied at rates of 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1, either at sowing, at flowering or in two equal splits at sowing and flowering. Shoot dry weight, total sulphur content of leaves, nodule number per plant and pod yield were all significantly increased by sulphur treatment, but nodule dry weight was unaffected. The greatest response lay at or below 50 kg ha−1 applied at sowing. There were no further increases in response above this level.

The Effects of Elemental Sulphur on Shoot Dry Weight, Nodulation and Pod Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Irrigation

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Tageldin M. Hago ◽  
M. A. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sulphur Content

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out to study the effects of elemental sulphur on irrigated groundnut. The sulphur was applied at rates of 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1, either at sowing, at flowering or in two equal splits at sowing and flowering. Shoot dry weight, total sulphur content of leaves, nodule number per plant and pod yield were all significantly increased by sulphur treatment, but nodule dry weight was unaffected. The greatest response lay at or below 50 kg ha−1 applied at sowing. There were no further increases in response above this level.

scholarly journals The total sulphur content in the mosses of Polish National Parks - changes within the last 10 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Szarek ◽  
Elżbieta Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Total Sulphur Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The pollution of Polish National Parks with sulphur compounds was determined for 1975 and 1986 using the moss, <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> as a bioindicator. The mean total sulphur content in the mosses of the parks ranged from 895 to 2116 µg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight in 1975 and 1117 to 2410 µg•g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight in 1986. Statistical differences were found in the concentration of sulphur in mosses between the particular parks, as well as among the peripheral and central park areas in 1975 while such differences were lacking in 1986. The total sulphur in mosses showed a tendency to increase over the 10-year period although there was no statistically significant difference between the concentrations of this element between the two studied periods. The level of total sulphur is significantly modified by atmospheric precipitation and does not therefore always accurately illustrate the degree of air pollution with SO<sub>2</sub>. For this reason, mosses cannot be recognised as suitable indicators of pollution of the atmosphere with sulphur compounds.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (&gt;84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] population

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
G. M. Jeffers ◽  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
D. Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Growth Analyses

A chickweed population (R) from a farm near Stony Plain, Alberta, was more resistant to chlorsulfuron than a population (S) collected near Vegreville, Alberta. In greenhouse experiments, the S population was controlled completely by chlorsulfuron applied at 5 g ha−1, whereas 22 g ha−1 was required to reduce dry weight of the R population by 50%. Experiments conducted in a germinator indicated that percentage germination of the R population was higher than that of the S population up to ~ 60 h. Growth analyses in the greenhouse indicated that leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to flowering, flower number, seed weight and relative yields differed little between the two populations. In field experiments, control of the R population was poor with the sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, amidosulfuron and thifensulfuron. Good to excellent control was obtained with cyanazine/MCPA, linuron, metribuzin, mecoprop, bentazon, metribuzin + MCPA, linuron + MCPA, and mecoprop + bentazon. Key words: Sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, herbicide resistance, relative competitiveness

scholarly journals Selection of efficient rhizobial symbionts for Cratylia argentea in the cerrado biome

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594-1600
Author(s):  
Giovanna Moura Calazans ◽  
Christiane Abreu de Oliveira ◽  
José Carlos Cruz ◽  
Walter José Rodrigues Matrangolo ◽  
Ivanildo Evódio Marriel
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

ABSTRACT: Cratylia argentea is a leguminous shrub native to the cerrado, which has great potential for forage production and recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and select efficient rhizobial strains in symbiosis with Cratylia argentea . Rhizobacteria were isolated from the nodules of 12-month-old plants and cultivated in pots containing cerrado soil. Twenty-five bacterial strains were obtained, which displayed extensive variability with respect to morphological and symbiotic characteristics. Cratylia argentea seeds were planted in pots containing 5kg of cerrado soil and maintained in the greenhouse. The treatments consisted of 25 rhizobial isolates, two controls (without nitrogen and without inoculation), with or without nitrogen fertilization (5mgN·plant-1·week-1), and four replications. Plants were cultivated for 150 days after planting seeds to evaluate nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root N content, and relative and symbiotic efficiency. Thirteen isolates improved shoot dry weight (up to 65.8%) and shoot nitrogen concentration (up to 76%) compared with those of control treatments. Two isolates, 4 (CR42) and 22 (CR52), conferred higher symbiotic efficiency values of approximately 20%. Therefore, these two rhizobial isolates displayed the highest potential as beneficial inoculants to optimize the symbiotic efficiency for Cratylia and to increase the incorporation of nutrients and biomass into the productive system in the cerrado.

scholarly journals Modification of Pyrolytic Oil from Waste Tyres as a Promising Method for Light Fuel Production

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Dębek
Keyword(s):  
Specific Weight ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Total Sulphur Content ◽  
Heating Fuel ◽  
Waste Tyres ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Due to its high total sulphur content and other unfavourable properties, pyrolytic oil obtained as a result of tyres pyrolysis is not suitable for use as motor or heating fuel. Therefore, pyrolytic oil was hydrorefined. Hydrorefined oil was used as a component of light heating oil. A composition was prepared from 30 wt % hydrorefinate with 70 wt % Ekoterm Plus (a commercial oil). Unfortunately, the flash point temperature of the hydrorefinate was too low, and did not allow fuel compliant with the Polish standard PN-C-96024:2011 for L1 light heating oil to be obtained. Therefore, the fraction with boiling point below 180 °C was removed from the hydrorefinate. The residue, with a flash point of 74 °C and a sulphur content of 0.143 wt %, was mixed with Ekoterm Plus and fuels with a hydrorefinate fraction content of 30 and 50 wt % were prepared. The composition containing 30 wt % met the requirements for L1 oil in the whole range of tested parameters. Total sulphur content was 0.092 wt %, specific weight was 856 kg/m3 and closed cup flash point was 64 °C. However, the composition containing 50 wt % hydrorefinate did not meet the requirements regarding sulphur content and specific weight. Sulphur content, specific gravity, and flash point are the parameters limiting the possibility of using hydrorefined pyrolytic oil for composing light heating oils compliant with the mentioned standard.

Pre-maturity gradients in shoot size and in number and size of florets for spring barley treated with mepiquat chloride

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
Phyllis Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Shoot Size

SummaryEffects of mepiquat chloride on gradients of shoot growth within spring barley plants (cv. Koru) were determined in two small-scale field experiments. Mepiquat chloride was applied at either the lemma primordium stage or the late carpel primordium stage of spike development in the main shoot. The shoot dry weight, stem length, spike length, number and size of florets and floret developmental score were measured for all shoots, over the period from the lemma primordium stage of main shoot spike development to the late milk stage of grain development.Lemma primordium mepiquat chloride increased the size and developmental score of later-formed shorter shoots pre-anthesis while delaying the spike development of the main shoot and other longer shoots by up to 4 days. The overall effect was to produce plants with a reduced range of shoot and spike sizes from the end of floret initiation in the main shoot until maturity. In addition, there was a slight increase in the number of shoots per plant in both experiments. Gradients of carpel development and carpel width along the spike were reduced in all treated spikes by the time of floret abortion in the main shoot but the effects were more noticeable in shorter shoots. The number of florets initiated per plant was increased by 21–22%. All shoots contributed to the larger number of florets but again the major additions came from the shorter shoots. The few extra florets initiated in longer shoots were lost during abortion of distal florets while the 2–5 extra florets on shorter shoots were retained to give extra grains at maturity.Application of mepiquat chloride at the late carpel primordium stage had little effect on gradients of spike size or on number, size and development of florets.

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