Selection of efficient rhizobial symbionts for  Cratylia argentea in the cerrado biome

ABSTRACT: Cratylia argentea is a leguminous shrub native to the cerrado, which has great potential for forage production and recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and select efficient rhizobial strains in symbiosis with Cratylia argentea . Rhizobacteria were isolated from the nodules of 12-month-old plants and cultivated in pots containing cerrado soil. Twenty-five bacterial strains were obtained, which displayed extensive variability with respect to morphological and symbiotic characteristics. Cratylia argentea seeds were planted in pots containing 5kg of cerrado soil and maintained in the greenhouse. The treatments consisted of 25 rhizobial isolates, two controls (without nitrogen and without inoculation), with or without nitrogen fertilization (5mgN·plant-1·week-1), and four replications. Plants were cultivated for 150 days after planting seeds to evaluate nodule number, nodule dry weight, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root N content, and relative and symbiotic efficiency. Thirteen isolates improved shoot dry weight (up to 65.8%) and shoot nitrogen concentration (up to 76%) compared with those of control treatments. Two isolates, 4 (CR42) and 22 (CR52), conferred higher symbiotic efficiency values of approximately 20%. Therefore, these two rhizobial isolates displayed the highest potential as beneficial inoculants to optimize the symbiotic efficiency for Cratylia and to increase the incorporation of nutrients and biomass into the productive system in the cerrado.

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Isolation and Assessment of the Symbiotic Efficiency of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Nodulating Rhizobial Isolates from Eastern Hararghe Highlands of Ethiopia

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.9.2.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 91-105

Author(s):

Mulugeta Mekonnen ◽

Ameha Kebede

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Symbiotic Efficiency ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Nacl Concentration ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Ph Range ◽

Rhizobial Isolates

This particular work was devoted to isolate and assess the symbiotic efficiency of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)-nodulating rhizobia isolate at few faba bean growing areas of the eastern Hararghe highlands of Ethiopia. Overall 50 rhizobia isolates were obtained from soil samples of three Woredas (districts) of the eastern Hararghe highlands using the host trap method. Out of these 50 isolates, 40 were presumptively identified as rhizobia. Among these 40 rhizobia isolates, only 31 were successful to nodulate faba bean, and authenticated as true faba bean nodulating rhizobia. Concerning the symbiotic efficiency, about 52%, 35%, and 13% of the rhizobial isolates were found to be highly effective, effective, and lowly-effective, respectively. The correlation data on the sand experiment displayed that nodule dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r = 0.494, p<0.05) with shoot dry weight while shoot dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r=0.41, p<0.05) with plant total nitrogen. Positive correlations were also observed concerning shoot dry weight and dry weight of nodules (r = 0.7, p<0.05) on unsterilized soil. Among the observed rhizobium isolates, EHHFR (4A, 6A) showed the highest symbiotic efficiency above 110%, tolerated NaCl concentration ranging from 2% to 6% and 2% to 8%, respectively, and a pH range of 4.5 to 8 and 5 to 8, respectively. Thus, based on their symbiotic efficiency at the greenhouse level and relative tolerance to extreme conditions these faba bean nodulating rhizobia isolates were recommended to be used as nominees for the future development of faba bean rhizobial inoculants after being tested on field conditions.

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Effect of Host Plant, Rhizobium Strain and Host x Strain Interaction on Symbiotic Variability in Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-10-2-18 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 110-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. C. Wynne ◽

G. H. Elkan ◽

T. G. Isleib ◽

T. J. Schneeweis

Keyword(s):

Poor Response ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Rhizobium Strain ◽

Host Genotype ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Nonadditive Effects ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Varability of the plant-Rhizobium symbiosis can be attributed to additive effects of the plant genotype and the Rhizobium strain and the nonadditive effects of specific plant and Rhizobium combinations. The relative contribution of these sources of variability is important in adopting the best procedure to maximize nitrogen fixation. Six peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were grown in all possible combinations with 10 Rhizobium strains in order to estimate the relative importance of the three genetic components of symbiotic variability. Additive genetic effects of host and Rhizobium genotype were significant for plant color, nodule number and weight, N2 (C2H2) fixed, and shoot dry weight. Nonadditive variation attributable to specific host-strain combinations was significant for all traits measured except for shoot dry weight. The large additive effects of the host genotype for nodule weight and shoot weight suggest that the variability for these traits can best be exploited by selection of host plants. However, the large nonadditive effects for nodule number and N2 (C2H2) fixed suggest that these traits can best be improved by simultaneous selection of both host and bacterium. Rhizobial strains NC123 and 3G4b21 were found to have significant stability variances indicating that these strains show host specificity, whereas strain RP182-13 exhibited a nonsignificant stability variance with a high mean for all traits in symbiosis with all host genotypes. The poor response to inoculation of the Spanish genotypes in comparison to the nitrogen control suggests that superior strains for these genotypes must be identified.

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Effects of nitrogen and lime on growth of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham on a red-yellow podzolic soil in south-eastern Queensland

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9860023 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Sivasupiramaniam ◽

R Akkasaeng ◽

HM Shelton

Keyword(s):

Podzolic Soil ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Field Application ◽

South Eastern ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Application Rates ◽

Lime Application ◽

Low Nitrogen

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted on an acidic red-yellow podzolic soil of low nitrogen status from south-eastern Queensland to examine the use of nitrogen and lime in promoting leucaena growth. In the field, application of 25 kg nitrogen ha-l at planting increased shoot dry weight by 77, 88, 52 and 51% at weeks 5, 15, 32 and 52 respectively. Equivalent responses to lime (2.5 t ha-1) were 8, 3 1, 64 and 74% respectively. In the glasshouse, shoot, root and nodule dry weights were increased by nitrogen application rates of 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. Number, size and dry weight of nodules were suppressed at the highest rate (400 kg ha-1). Nitrogen concentration in youngest fully expanded leaves was increased to over 5% by nitrogen, and a critical nitrogen content of 4.5% (90% of maximum growth) is suggested. Inexplicably, lime application reduced shoot, root and nodule weights at high nitrogen applications. The apparent partial effectiveness of commercial leucaena Rhizobium and the implications of starter nitrogen and lime for leucaena establishment are discussed.

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Growth response of wheat cultivars to bacterial inoculation in calcareous soil

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/75/2010-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 570-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. Egamberdieva

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bacterial Inoculation ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Selection Of

In this study the plant growth-promoting bacteria were analysed for their growth-stimulating effects on two wheat cultivars. The investigations were carried out in pot experiments using calcareous soil. The results showed that bacterial strains Pseudomonas spp. NUU1 and P. fluorescens NUU2 were able to colonize the rhizosphere of both wheat cultivars. Their plant growth-stimulating abilities were affected by wheat cultivars. The bacterial strains Pseudomonas sp. NUU1 and P. fluorescens NUU2 significantly stimulated the shoot and root length and dry weight of wheat cv. Turon, whereas cv. Residence was less affected by bacterial inoculation. The results of our study suggest that inoculation of wheat with Pseudomonas strains can improve plant growth in calcareous soil and it depends upon wheat cultivars. Prior to a selection of good bacterial inoculants, it is recommended to select cultivars that benefit from association with these bacteria.

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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their potential as bioinoculants on Pennisetum clandestinum (Poaceae)

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v67i4.34029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Felipe Romero-Perdomo ◽

Jhonnatan Ocampo-Gallego ◽

Mauricio Camelo-Rusinque ◽

Ruth Bonila

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promotion ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root And Shoot Length

In this study, we aimed at examining the potential to stimulate growth in Pennisetum clandestinum using four isolated bacterial strains from soils obtained from a Colombian tropical silvopastoral system. We previously identified genetically the strains and characterized two plant growth promotion activities. We found that the four bacterial strains were phylogenetically associated with Klebsiella sp. (strains 28P and 35P), Beijerinka sp. (37L) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (E37), based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, the in vitro biochemical assays demonstrated that the strains exhibited some plant growth promotion mechanisms such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and indole compound synthesis. Notably, bacterial inoculation under greenhouse conditions showed a positive influence on P. clandestinum growth. We found a significant (p < 0.05) effect on root and shoot length, and shoot dry weight. Shoot length increased by 52% and 30% with 37L and 35P, respectively, compared to those without inoculation treatment. Similarly, the use of 37L and 28P raised shoot dry weight values by 170% and 131%, respectively. In root development, inoculation with strains 37L and E37 increased root length by 134% and 100%, respectively. Beijerinckia sp. 37L was the most effective of the four strains at increasing P. clandestinum biomass and length.

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Effect of Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on Nodulation, Biomass Production and Yield of Mungbean

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1251 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

M Asadul Haque Bhuiyan ◽

Mosharraf Hossain Mian

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Matter Production ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Shoot Weight

Experiments with or without Bradyrhizobium was carried out with five mungbean varieties at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm during kharif-I 2001 and kharif-I 2002 seasons to observe nodulation, biomass production and yield of mungbean. Significant influences of the mungbean varieties were observed on nodulation, biomass production and yield. BARI Mung-2 produced the highest nodule number, nodule weight, shoot weight, seed yield (1.03 t/ha in 2001 and 0.78 t/ha in 2002) and stover yield (2.24 t/ha in 2001 and 2.01 t/ha in 2002). Application of Bradyrhizobium inoculant produced significant effect on nodulation, shoot dry weight, seed and stover yields in both trials conducted in two consecutive years. Seed inoculation significantly increased seed (0.98 t/ha in 2001, 27% increase over control and 0.75 t/ha in 2002, 29% increase over control) and stover (2.31 t/ha in 2001 and 2.04 t/ha in 2002) yields of mungbean. Inoculated BARI Mung-2 produced the highest nodulation, dry matter production, seed and stover yields. Considering nodulation, biomass production and seed and yields, BARI Mung-2 was found as the best variety among the five. BARI Mung-5 produced the second highest seed yield followed by BARI Mung-4 and BINA Mung-2, and the lowest seed yield was observed in Barisal local. Keywords: Mungbean, Nodulation, Bradyrhizobium DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1251 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 95-99

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The Effects of Elemental Sulphur on Shoot Dry Weight, Nodulation and Pod Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Irrigation

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700001174 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tageldin M. Hago ◽

M. A. Salama

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Elemental Sulphur ◽

Sulphur Content ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Total Sulphur ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Total Sulphur Content

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out to study the effects of elemental sulphur on irrigated groundnut. The sulphur was applied at rates of 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1, either at sowing, at flowering or in two equal splits at sowing and flowering. Shoot dry weight, total sulphur content of leaves, nodule number per plant and pod yield were all significantly increased by sulphur treatment, but nodule dry weight was unaffected. The greatest response lay at or below 50 kg ha−1 applied at sowing. There were no further increases in response above this level.

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Effect ofRhizobiumand Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterial Inoculants on Symbiotic Traits, Nodule Leghemoglobin, and Yield of Chickpea Genotypes

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2013/581627 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. S. Tagore ◽

S. L. Namdeo ◽

S. K. Sharma ◽

Narendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Microbial Inoculants ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Nodule Number ◽

Bacterial Inoculants ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Positive Effect

A field experiment was carried out during therabiseason of 2004-05 to find out the effect ofRhizobiumand phosphate solubilizing bacterial (PSB) inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin, and yield of five elite genotypes of chickpea. Among the chickpea genotypes, IG-593 performed better in respect of symbiotic parameters including nodule number, nodule fresh weight, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, yield attributes and yield. Leghemoglobin content (2.55 mg g−1of fresh nodule) was also higher under IG-593. Among microbial inoculants, theRhizobium+ PSB was found most effective in terms of nodule number (27.66 nodules plant−1), nodule fresh weight (144.90 mg plant−1), nodule dry weight (74.30 mg plant−1), shoot dry weight (11.76 g plant−1), and leghemoglobin content (2.29 mg g−1of fresh nodule) and also showed its positive effect in enhancing all the yield attributing parameters, grain and straw yields.

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Plant growth-promoting bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus improve the growth of sorghum seedings in a low-nutrient soil

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Enriqueta Amora-Lazcano ◽

Héctor J. Quiroz-González ◽

Cristofer I. Osornio-Ortega ◽

Juan A. Cruz-Maya ◽

Janet Jan-Roblero

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Soil Bioassay ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Background: Deficiency in sorghum growth in ecosystems of low-nutrient soils has been scarcely studied. This soil deficiency can be overcome by the addition of plant growth-promoting bacteria which increase sorghum growth. Questions and/or Hypotheses: indole acetic acid (IAA) producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can promote sorghum growth under nutritional stress. Studied species: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Study site and dates: Mexico City, 2018. Methods: Of the twelve bacterial strains utilized, three produce IAA (group BI), two strains produce IAA and siderophores (BIS group), four strains produce IAA and solubilize phosphate (BIP group), and three strains produce IAA, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophores (BIPS group). Hydroponic bioassays and low-nutrient soil bioassay were used. Results: In hydroponic bioassays, for BI and BIS groups, five strains significantly increased the growth parameters with respect to the control, and for the BIP and BIPS groups, two strains promoted stem development and shoot dry weight. In a low-nutrient soil bioassay, Pseudomonas sp. BI-1 (from BI group) was the one that presented the highest percentages 32, 48, 140 and 79 % in stem diameter, height and dry weight of the shoot and dry weight of the root, respectively, followed by the P. mohnii BIPS-10 strain (from BIPS group) that exhibited similar results. Conclusions: IAA producing Pseudomonas strains improve the sorghum growth in a low-nutrient soil and suggest thatPseudomonas sp. BI-1 and P. mohnii BIPS-10 could be used as potential bioinoculants for sorghum.

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Cytogenotoxic effects of nitrogen on hydroponic lettuce

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n0a2020-53643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Author(s):

Alcione da Silva Arruda ◽

Wesley Costa Silva ◽

Roberta Camargos de Oliveira ◽

Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽

Gabriela da Silva Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

Nitrogen accumulation in hydroponically-grown lettuce may pose a health risk to consumers. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze different concentrations of nitrogen applications in hydroponic lettuce cultivation and their effect on toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. A nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system was used to grow the lettuce variety “Vanda.” The treatments consisted of different concentrations of nitrogen (in the form of calcium nitrate) in Furlani solution (75, 100, 125 and 150%), a negative and a positive control. The following commercial characteristics were measured: plant fresh weight (PFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot diameter (SD), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf nitrogen (LN). Cytogenotoxicity was indicated by toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which were in turn determined by root length, the mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the presence of micronuclei. The nitrogen concentrations used in this experiment did not cause phenotypic toxicity or cytotoxicity in lettuce roots. The most severe genotoxicity was observed at the 125% nitrogen concentration, which nevertheless did not affect commercial characteristics. Although nitrogen fertilization provides great benefits to agriculture, such as greater yields, indiscriminate use should be avoided since concentrations above recommended rates may induce genotoxicity.

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